Abstract not on disk

Dissertation submitted in Fulfillment of the requirements for Degree Magister Educationis in the Department of Educational Psychology of the Faculty of Education at the University Of Zululand, 1992. / The objectives of the study were: - to elaborate on and elucidate the changes in society which have impeded the quality of the Hindu parent's accompaniment of his child. - to describe the life - world of the Hindu child as it reveals itself in his relations with himself, others, things/ideas and God. - in the light of the findings from the literature study, to establish certain guidelines according to which accountable support can be instituted to meet the needs of Hindu parents and their children. As an introduction a psychopedagogical perspective on parental accompaniment of their children was given, where it was stressed that the success of the child's education depended on the quality of the parent - child relationship. Parental guidance and support are also crucial in meeting the objectives of education, provided the child's basic physiological and psychological needs are met. The study found that traditional Hindu lifestyles were fast disappearing within a changing society and this had severe consequences for the upbringing of the Hindu child. The pressures of urbanization and industrialization, and the need for employment, forced Hindu families to break away from their traditional extended family systems and move towards nuclear family units. Unlike in the earlier situation, where all members of the extended family assumed responsibility for the upbringing of the children, this is now the sole responsibility of the parents themselves. This has devastating consequences for the child since, generally, both Hindu parents are being forced to seek employment - due to the high cost of living - and consequently the time spent in the accompaniment of their child is considerably reduced. Conditions for pedagogic neglect are therefore created. In addition to this the children come under the strong influence of Western culture and lifestyles, which cause them to become somewhat estranged from their own culture and way of life. The lack of proper parental supervision and control in the urban environment, makes the child also easily Influenced by factors within the environment which result in a wide range of behavioural problems. This affects the relationship between the parent and child, and also has a bearing on his education. Parents do not have the skills and training to cope with the situation or offer assistance to their children, and they are desperately in need of outside help. In the light of the findings of this research the following was recommended: - Hindu authority figures at schools. - A multi-cultural school education policy. - Hindu parents forum at schools. - Further research.

Abstract   Aim This study aimed to determine what is known from the existing literature about parental guidance during occupational therapy to promote the participation of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in everyday activities. Method  The scoping review methodology was used to gather existing information on the topic. The following databases were used for searches: The Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and MEDLINE.  Results Ten studies were included in this study, as they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the selected studies were thematically organised. Three key elements emerged from the results that promoted the participation of children with ASD in everyday life activities: increased knowledge and awareness of parents; new practices and changes in everyday life; supporting and strengthening parenting.  Conclusion  The findings of this study suggest that parents have a central role to play in promoting child participation. Parental guidance is an ideal way to promote the participation of ASD children in everyday activities, as parents are involved in children’s daily lives and influence children’s natural environments. The results of this study can be utilized in occupational therapy practice for the implementation of interventions. Keywords: ASD, children with ASD, daily activities, involvement, occupational therapy, parental guidance

Esta tese analisa a atuação das empresas de televisão como grupos de interesse, a partir do estudo de caso sobre o processo decisório da política de classificação indicativa, que determina a faixa etária mínima e a faixa horária a que se recomendam os programas de entretenimento na televisão aberta. O processo transcorreu desde 1988 até 2016, mas tem seu período mais importante entre 2006 e 2007, foco principal da tese. O problema investigado é como, e em que medida, as empresas de televisão, em sua atuação como grupo de interesse no caso da classificação indicativa, utilizaram os recursos políticos que controlam diretamente. Utiliza-se a metodologia de process-tracing, combinando análise de documentos, análise de cobertura dos meios de comunicação e entrevistas em profundidade com participantes dos três poderes, das empresas, de entidades da sociedade civil e do Ministério Público. Os achados revelam atuação política permanente das empresas durante duas décadas, sustentada no uso forte de estratégias e táticas ordinárias de pressão política e no uso moderado de estratégias e táticas peculiares, possíveis devido ao controle que as empresas exercem do acesso à esfera pública. Ao fazer a análise do caso da classificação indicativa sob a luz de outros casos de negociação de políticas de comunicação no mesmo período, a tese identifica padrões de relação Estado-sociedade distintos dentro do mesmo governo, e revela que posição ideológica, contexto político, processos de articulação e mobilização social e processos políticos robustos são elementos determinantes da capacidade de o governo federal obter sucesso em suas tentativas de implantar políticas públicas de comunicação. A tese conclui que as empresas de televisão constituem, per se, um centro de poder que é interlocutor qualificado do poder político em escala nacional, e reforça o entendimento de que a relação entre comunicação e política não pode ser compreendida apenas como de influência entre dois campos, mas deve partir do reconhecimento das empresas de televisão como atores políticos. / This thesis analyzes the performance of television companies as an interest group, based on the case study on the decision-making process of the parental guidance policy, which determines the minimum age range and the hourly range for entertainment programs on free-to-air television. The process ran from 1988 to 2016, but it has its most important period between 2006 and 2007, the main focus of the thesis. The problem investigated is how, and to what extent, television companies have used the political resources they directly control in their performance as an interest group in the case of parental guidance. The methodology of processtracing is adopted, combining analysis of documents, analysis of media coverage and in-depth interviews with participants of the three powers, companies, civil society organizations and the Federal Persecution Service. The findings reveal permanent political performance of the companies during two decades, based on the strong use of ordinary strategies and tactics of political pressure and on a moderate use of peculiar strategies and tactics, possible due to the companies\' control of access to the public sphere. In making the analysis of the case of parental guidance policy in the light of other cases of negotiation of communication policies in the same period, the thesis identifies distinct state-society relationship patterns within the same government, and reveals that ideological position, political context, processes articulation and social mobilization and robust political processes are elements that determine the capacity of the federal government to succeed in its attempts to implement public communication policies. The thesis concludes that television companies constitute, per se, a power center that is a qualified interlocutor of political power on a national scale and reinforces the understanding that the relationship between communication and politics cannot be comprehended only on the basis of the influence between two fields, but must start from the recognition of television companies as political actors.

Os Pais tem a responsabilidade e o papel de educar e modelar o comportamento dos filhos desde as primeiras relações interpessoais em que se estabelecem padrões comportamentais que construirão a base das futuras relações com a comunidade externa. No grupo familiar surgem relações aprendidas, como comportamentos operantes de alta complexidade e estes operantes são modelados em cada contexto familiar a partir das histórias individuais dos membros do grupo. A dificuldade dos pais em educar os filhos, ainda que atual, é recorrente há décadas, e conforme estudos apontam, tanto em decorrência da mulher cada vez mais atuante no mercado de trabalho, como devido a outras contingências da sociedade moderna, tais como a modificação dos papéis familiares, e que deixaram os pais inseguros diante da educação dos filhos. Neste contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa, foi o de orientar pais para o manejo nas interações com os filhos e avaliar se a aplicação dos programas comportamentais seria efetiva em mudanças comportamentais nas relações familiares entre pais e filhos, com a redução dos comportamentos inadequados dos filhos. Pretendeu, ainda, avaliar os efeitos desta proposta de atendimento, como um modo de aperfeiçoamento dos serviços de Psicologia do Hospital, em um modelo econômico, com redução no número de encontros, com enfoque psicoeducativo, como o programa no qual se baseou, mas diferenciando-se pelo maior enfoque aos conceitos teóricos da Análise do Comportamento, configurando-se em um treinamento parental para o manejo de situações cotidianas na convivência e educação dos filhos. Para tanto, elaborou-se um Programa Comportamental de Orientacao Familiar (PCOF), em grupo, baseado no Programa de Qualidade na Interação Familiar (Weber, Salvador e Brandenburg, 2011), dentro de um Hospital Universitário, onde os filhos dos participantes, com diferentes diagnósticos, com queixas quanto a apresentarem comportamentos inadequados, em casa e, ou na escola. No decorrer da pesquisa, definiu-se este estudo inicial, como Estudo 1, e posteriormente, foi desenvolvido o Estudo 2, na categoria de prestação de serviço, no qual desenvolveu-se um Programa Comportamental de Orientação de Pais (PCOP), agora realizado em um Hospital Dia, de um Hospital Psiquiátrico. Participaram do Estudo 1 oito casais, dos quais quatro foram designados aleatoriamente para o Grupo Experimental I e, os outros quatro casais, formaram o Grupo Controle, e cada grupo teve início com o mesmo número de casais participantes. Foram utilizados três instrumentos, EQIF, IEP e WHOQOL-breve, nos momentos Pré, Antes e Depois da aplicação Programa Comportamental PCOF, que medem respectivamente, a Qualidade de Interação Familiar, o Índice de Estilo Parental, pela avaliação das atitudes dos pais na educação dos filhos, e a Qualidade de vida. Também foram coletados relatos verbais ao longo da aplicação dos programa comportamental. Resultados foram Positivos da Aplicação do Programa, relevantes quanto à redução dos itens negativos, tais como Punição, Monitoria e disciplina realizadas de formas inadequadas e, aumento dos itens positivos, tais como a melhoria na interação entre o casal, no relacionamento com os filhos e no modelo parental, promovendo assim a melhoria na interação familiar, e na forma de consequenciar os comportamentos inadequados dos filhos. Participaram do Estudo 2 (aplicação do Programa PCOP, composto por cinco encontros e enfoque mais teórico do que o programa original e o programa PCOF, também desenvolvido durante a pesquisa) doze casais, divididos em dois Grupos, com seis casais cada, nomeados como Grupo 1 e Grupo 2 com a diferença de três meses entre a aplicação de um e outro. Os instrumentos utilizados Antes e Depois da aplicação do PCOP, foram o questionário EQIF e o IEP - Inventário de Estilos Parentais. Os resultados apontaram melhora quanto à redução de itens negativos na educação dos filhos, como Punição, Monitoria e Disciplina, realizadas de forma inadequada por parte dos pais antes da participação no programa. A aplicação do PCOP provocou um efeito positivo quanto a melhora de itens relacionados com Sentimentos e formas adequadas de monitoria, comportamento moral e interação do casal. Assim, os resultados encontrados destacam a importância do aprimoramento e aplicação de Programas Comportamentais com pais, de modo a promover a aquisição de novos Comportamentais dos filhos e dos pais / Parents have the responsibility and role to educate and model the behavior of children from the earliest interpersonal relationships that are established behavioral patterns that will build the base for future relations with the external community. The family group learned arise relations, as operant behaviors of high complexity and these are modeled operative in each family background from the individual stories of group members. The difficulty of parents in educating their children, although present, is recurring for decades, as studies show, both as a result of women becoming more active in the labor market, as other contingencies of modern society, such as the modification of roles family, and they left unsecured parents on the education of children. In this context, the objective of this research was to guide parents to manage interactions with their children and assess whether the application of behavioral programs would be effective in behavioral changes in family relationships between parents and children, with the reduction of inappropriate behaviors of children . He intended to also assess the effects of this proposed service as an enhancement mode of Psychology Hospital services in an economic model, with a reduction in the number of meetings with psychoeducational approach, as the program in which it is based, but differentiating If the increased focus on theoretical concepts of Behavior Analysis, setting up in a parental training for handling everyday situations in living and raising children. To this end, elaborated a Behavioral Program for Family Orientation (PCOF) group, based on the \"Quality Program in Family Interaction\" (Weber, Salvador and Brandenburg, 2011), within a university hospital where the children of participants with different diagnoses, with complaints about inappropriate behavior to submit, at home, or at school. During the search, set up this initial study, as Study 1, and later was developed Study 2, in the category of service, which developed a Behavioral Program Parental Guidance (PCOP), now held in a Day Hospital, a psychiatric hospital. Participated in the study first eight couples, of which four were randomly assigned to the experimental group I and the other four couples, they formed the control group, and each group started with the same number of participating couples. Three instruments were used, EQIF, IEP and WHOQOL-brief in Pre moments before and after the application program Behavioral PCOF, measuring respectively the Quality of Family Interaction, Parental Style Index, the evaluation of parental attitudes in education the children, and the quality of life. Also verbal reports were collected through the application of behavioral program. Results were positive Program Application, relevant in reducing the negative items such as Punishment, monitoring and discipline carried out in inappropriate ways and increase the positive items, such as improving the interaction between the couple, the relationship with the children and the parental model, thus promoting the improvement in family interaction, and as consequenciar the inappropriate behavior of their children. Participated in Study 2 (application of PCOP program, consisting of five meetings and more theoretical approach than the original program and PCOF program, also developed during the research) twelve couples, divided into two groups, with six couples each appointed as Group 1 and Group 2 with three months the difference between applying each other. The instruments used before and after the application of PCOP were the questionnaire EQIF and the IEP - Parental Styles Inventory. The results indicated an improvement in reducing the negative items in childcare, as punishment, monitoring and discipline, carried out improperly by parents prior to participation in the program. The application of PCOP had a positive effect as the improvement items related to feelings and appropriate forms of monitoring, moral behavior and interaction of the couple. Thus, our results highlight the importance of improvement and application of behavioral programs with parents, so as to promote the purchase of new Behavioral of children and parents

Os Pais tem a responsabilidade e o papel de educar e modelar o comportamento dos filhos desde as primeiras relações interpessoais em que se estabelecem padrões comportamentais que construirão a base das futuras relações com a comunidade externa. No grupo familiar surgem relações aprendidas, como comportamentos operantes de alta complexidade e estes operantes são modelados em cada contexto familiar a partir das histórias individuais dos membros do grupo. A dificuldade dos pais em educar os filhos, ainda que atual, é recorrente há décadas, e conforme estudos apontam, tanto em decorrência da mulher cada vez mais atuante no mercado de trabalho, como devido a outras contingências da sociedade moderna, tais como a modificação dos papéis familiares, e que deixaram os pais inseguros diante da educação dos filhos. Neste contexto, o objetivo da presente pesquisa, foi o de orientar pais para o manejo nas interações com os filhos e avaliar se a aplicação dos programas comportamentais seria efetiva em mudanças comportamentais nas relações familiares entre pais e filhos, com a redução dos comportamentos inadequados dos filhos. Pretendeu, ainda, avaliar os efeitos desta proposta de atendimento, como um modo de aperfeiçoamento dos serviços de Psicologia do Hospital, em um modelo econômico, com redução no número de encontros, com enfoque psicoeducativo, como o programa no qual se baseou, mas diferenciando-se pelo maior enfoque aos conceitos teóricos da Análise do Comportamento, configurando-se em um treinamento parental para o manejo de situações cotidianas na convivência e educação dos filhos. Para tanto, elaborou-se um Programa Comportamental de Orientacao Familiar (PCOF), em grupo, baseado no Programa de Qualidade na Interação Familiar (Weber, Salvador e Brandenburg, 2011), dentro de um Hospital Universitário, onde os filhos dos participantes, com diferentes diagnósticos, com queixas quanto a apresentarem comportamentos inadequados, em casa e, ou na escola. No decorrer da pesquisa, definiu-se este estudo inicial, como Estudo 1, e posteriormente, foi desenvolvido o Estudo 2, na categoria de prestação de serviço, no qual desenvolveu-se um Programa Comportamental de Orientação de Pais (PCOP), agora realizado em um Hospital Dia, de um Hospital Psiquiátrico. Participaram do Estudo 1 oito casais, dos quais quatro foram designados aleatoriamente para o Grupo Experimental I e, os outros quatro casais, formaram o Grupo Controle, e cada grupo teve início com o mesmo número de casais participantes. Foram utilizados três instrumentos, EQIF, IEP e WHOQOL-breve, nos momentos Pré, Antes e Depois da aplicação Programa Comportamental PCOF, que medem respectivamente, a Qualidade de Interação Familiar, o Índice de Estilo Parental, pela avaliação das atitudes dos pais na educação dos filhos, e a Qualidade de vida. Também foram coletados relatos verbais ao longo da aplicação dos programa comportamental. Resultados foram Positivos da Aplicação do Programa, relevantes quanto à redução dos itens negativos, tais como Punição, Monitoria e disciplina realizadas de formas inadequadas e, aumento dos itens positivos, tais como a melhoria na interação entre o casal, no relacionamento com os filhos e no modelo parental, promovendo assim a melhoria na interação familiar, e na forma de consequenciar os comportamentos inadequados dos filhos. Participaram do Estudo 2 (aplicação do Programa PCOP, composto por cinco encontros e enfoque mais teórico do que o programa original e o programa PCOF, também desenvolvido durante a pesquisa) doze casais, divididos em dois Grupos, com seis casais cada, nomeados como Grupo 1 e Grupo 2 com a diferença de três meses entre a aplicação de um e outro. Os instrumentos utilizados Antes e Depois da aplicação do PCOP, foram o questionário EQIF e o IEP - Inventário de Estilos Parentais. Os resultados apontaram melhora quanto à redução de itens negativos na educação dos filhos, como Punição, Monitoria e Disciplina, realizadas de forma inadequada por parte dos pais antes da participação no programa. A aplicação do PCOP provocou um efeito positivo quanto a melhora de itens relacionados com Sentimentos e formas adequadas de monitoria, comportamento moral e interação do casal. Assim, os resultados encontrados destacam a importância do aprimoramento e aplicação de Programas Comportamentais com pais, de modo a promover a aquisição de novos Comportamentais dos filhos e dos pais / Parents have the responsibility and role to educate and model the behavior of children from the earliest interpersonal relationships that are established behavioral patterns that will build the base for future relations with the external community. The family group learned arise relations, as operant behaviors of high complexity and these are modeled operative in each family background from the individual stories of group members. The difficulty of parents in educating their children, although present, is recurring for decades, as studies show, both as a result of women becoming more active in the labor market, as other contingencies of modern society, such as the modification of roles family, and they left unsecured parents on the education of children. In this context, the objective of this research was to guide parents to manage interactions with their children and assess whether the application of behavioral programs would be effective in behavioral changes in family relationships between parents and children, with the reduction of inappropriate behaviors of children . He intended to also assess the effects of this proposed service as an enhancement mode of Psychology Hospital services in an economic model, with a reduction in the number of meetings with psychoeducational approach, as the program in which it is based, but differentiating If the increased focus on theoretical concepts of Behavior Analysis, setting up in a parental training for handling everyday situations in living and raising children. To this end, elaborated a Behavioral Program for Family Orientation (PCOF) group, based on the \"Quality Program in Family Interaction\" (Weber, Salvador and Brandenburg, 2011), within a university hospital where the children of participants with different diagnoses, with complaints about inappropriate behavior to submit, at home, or at school. During the search, set up this initial study, as Study 1, and later was developed Study 2, in the category of service, which developed a Behavioral Program Parental Guidance (PCOP), now held in a Day Hospital, a psychiatric hospital. Participated in the study first eight couples, of which four were randomly assigned to the experimental group I and the other four couples, they formed the control group, and each group started with the same number of participating couples. Three instruments were used, EQIF, IEP and WHOQOL-brief in Pre moments before and after the application program Behavioral PCOF, measuring respectively the Quality of Family Interaction, Parental Style Index, the evaluation of parental attitudes in education the children, and the quality of life. Also verbal reports were collected through the application of behavioral program. Results were positive Program Application, relevant in reducing the negative items such as Punishment, monitoring and discipline carried out in inappropriate ways and increase the positive items, such as improving the interaction between the couple, the relationship with the children and the parental model, thus promoting the improvement in family interaction, and as consequenciar the inappropriate behavior of their children. Participated in Study 2 (application of PCOP program, consisting of five meetings and more theoretical approach than the original program and PCOF program, also developed during the research) twelve couples, divided into two groups, with six couples each appointed as Group 1 and Group 2 with three months the difference between applying each other. The instruments used before and after the application of PCOP were the questionnaire EQIF and the IEP - Parental Styles Inventory. The results indicated an improvement in reducing the negative items in childcare, as punishment, monitoring and discipline, carried out improperly by parents prior to participation in the program. The application of PCOP had a positive effect as the improvement items related to feelings and appropriate forms of monitoring, moral behavior and interaction of the couple. Thus, our results highlight the importance of improvement and application of behavioral programs with parents, so as to promote the purchase of new Behavioral of children and parents

The purpose of this study was to explore how television influences the sexual attitudes and behaviour of adolescent girls in Mabopane Township. Though the area of adolescent sexual behaviour has been researched to a considerable degree elsewhere, there seemed to be lack of information regarding adolescent sexual behaviour and attitudes relating to Africa, especially South Africa, which inspired the researcher to embark on this study. The researcher explored the adolescent girls’ experiences using qualitative approach and in-depth individual interviews, and undertook a content thematic analysis of the textual data she gathered from girls who participated. A qualitative research design was adopted for this study as it allowed the researcher to obtain rich data from the participants. Purposive random sampling was also used to select participants. The four participants were between age 16 and 17, studying in grades 11 and 12. The results of this study indicated that adolescent girls from Mabopane Township feel that television does influence their sexual attitudes and behaviour. They also indicated that television does not display the consequences of sex, thus influencing adolescents to engage in such behaviour. Related to this was the finding that adolescents view characters on television as their role models because the latter are ‘in the limelight’, therefore enhancing the possibility of them doing what they see their role models doing. Furthermore, the participants indicated that television alone is not the only influence in their lives; other factors such as parental guidance and peer pressure also contribute to shaping their sexual attitudes and behaviours. They also indicated that frequent viewing of television is more likely to result in adolescents altering their sexual beliefs and adopting what is being done on television. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / unrestricted

The aim of this study was to create awareness of the emotional needs of children diagnosed with ADHD. In order to reach the aim of this study, an initial literature study was executed to describe ADHD and the emotional needs of children. Semi-structured interviews and two projective techniques were used to conduct the empirical study. Valuable data was also collected from the biographical questionnaires completed by the parents. Based on the data collected and analysed, findings were made which were verified by means of a second literature study. This was followed by conclusions which served as the basis for recommendations that were made in the form of guidelines to the parents, with the aim to make the parents aware of the emotional needs of their children diagnosed with ADHD. These guidelines will be made available to the parents at a seminar that will be held on acceptance of this research. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

The aim of this study was to create awareness of the emotional needs of children diagnosed with ADHD. In order to reach the aim of this study, an initial literature study was executed to describe ADHD and the emotional needs of children. Semi-structured interviews and two projective techniques were used to conduct the empirical study. Valuable data was also collected from the biographical questionnaires completed by the parents. Based on the data collected and analysed, findings were made which were verified by means of a second literature study. This was followed by conclusions which served as the basis for recommendations that were made in the form of guidelines to the parents, with the aim to make the parents aware of the emotional needs of their children diagnosed with ADHD. These guidelines will be made available to the parents at a seminar that will be held on acceptance of this research. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

This research is directed at mothers of toddlers in the Frankfort magisterial district. The objective of the study is to determine whether mothers with toddlers display a need for parental guidance. Data have been collected and a theoretical framework has been constructed by means of a literature study and communication with experts. An empirical study has been conducted by involving forty-five mothers (respondents) of toddlers in the Frankfort magisterial district. Scientific and technological knowledge have been acquired by means of applied research. A questionnaire, designed by the researcher, was used to collect data. The following research question was posed: Does a need for parental guidance exist amongst mothers with toddlers in the Frankfort magisterial district? The conclusions and recommendations of the study focus on achieving the objectives and aims. Once the data had been analysed and processed, it became very clear that a need for formal parental guidance does exist amongst mothers in the Frankfort magisterial district. Mothers have indicated a need for additional knowledge and information regarding the cognitive, emotional, social and physical development of their toddlers in order to selfpromote aspects of the development of toddlers. Parental guidance modi are under-utilized, and mothers have expressed that factors such as their geographical location, long distances and the inaccessibility of formal parental guidance, prevent them from utilizing parental guidance. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted