Bilen har länge varit en central del av många människors vardag där många städer är uppbyggda efter bilens funktion. Idag vill många kommuner minska bilanvändandet och ersätta bilresor som inte är nödvändiga med andra mer miljövänliga färdmedel såsom kollektiv- och cykeltrafik. Många kommuner vill dessutom förtäta stadens centrum och då ses ofta markparkering i attraktiva lägen som ett problem eftersom det tar upp mycket värdefull yta.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att beskriva hur olika kommuner hanterar parkeringsfrågan för att få en helhetsbild av hur Sverige behandlar frågan. De flesta kommuner arbetar idag med flexibla parkeringstal där byggherren ges möjlighet att utföra så kallade mobilitetsåtgärder, till exempel bilpool, som kan ge en reducering av antalet parkeringar som behöver anläggas vid nyexploatering. Detta system är relativt nytt och eftersom många kommuner numera tänker arbeta efter denna modell framöver fokuserar examensarbetet på detta. Det gällande lagstödet som reglerar parkeringar är från 80-talet och då kan åsikterna ha varit annorlunda angående bilen och parkeringar än vad de är idag. Det finns ingen tydlig vägledning för hur kommunerna skall hantera parkeringsfrågan då lagen är öppet formulerad och det inte finns många vägledande rättsfall vilket gör det svårt för kommunerna att ha en gemensam strategi.Från resultaten av granskningen kan verkan och långsiktigheten för mobilitetsåtgärderna i vissa fall ifrågasättas eftersom det finns osäkerhet kring hur de faktiskt påverkar efterfrågan på parkeringar i framtiden. Det är därför av vikt att arbetet med flexibla parkeringstal kan utvärderas och följas upp. Här kan kommunerna ta hjälp av varandra för att få större möjligheter att utvärdera fler fall där flexibla parkeringstal använts.Lagens krav är uppfyllt så länge kommunerna utgår från att uppfylla behovet av parkeringar på lång sikt. Om ett parkeringstal skall sänkas ska åtgärder som långsiktigt påverkar parkeringsbehovet genomföras till exempel förbättrad kollektivtrafik. Det finns däremot vissa fall där kommuner sätter för låga parkeringstal med syfte att minska bilanvändandet utan att egentligen ha påverkat efterfrågan på parkeringar. / The car has for a long time been a central part of people’s everyday life and many cities are constructed around the car. A lot of the municipalities nowadays want to reduce the use of the car and replace those journeys with other more environmentally friendly options as public transport and bicycles. They also often want to build cities that are denser and in doing that, parking spaces on the ground become a problem in attractive locations because they take up a lot of space.The purpose of this thesis is to describe how different municipalities deal with the parking issue in order to get a picture of how the issue is dealt with in Sweden. Most of the municipalities are now working with flexible parking numbers where the developer or real estate owner is given the opportunity to use mobility measures in order to reduce the amount of parking spaces they have to build. This system is relatively new and whereas most of the municipalities are planning to use this model, this thesis focuses on this matter.The current law that regulate parking derives from the eighties and at that time the general opinion about cars and the matter of parking might have differed from the general view today. There is no distinct guidance for how the municipalities should handle the parking issue since the law is open to interpretations and there are not many court cases that handle the matter.After studying 18 different municipalities it can be concluded that the longevity of the mobility measures can be questioned in some cases. This is because there can be uncertainties about how the measures actually affect the demand of parking in the future. Therefore, it is important that the work with flexible parking numbers is to be evaluated and followed up. The municipalities can also learn from and help each other to get more cases where flexible parking numbers have been used to evaluate.Using flexible parking numbers applies with the current law as long as the municipalities start with fulfilling the need for parking spaces in the long term. If the parking number is to be lowered, measures that affects the need for parking spaces is to be performed, for example better public transport. There are however some cases where municipalities set lower parking numbers in order to reduce car journeys without actually influencing the demand for parking spaces.

The purpose of this diploma thesis „Optimization Of Selected Proposed ČSN Elements For Urban Road Design„ is car parks at shopping centers. Goal of this thesis is to compare calculation parameters for car parks according to Czech standards for design of local communication with standards in selected countries in the world. Another goal of this work is to fill in missing information for assessment of capacity of connections to ground communication for various types of shopping centers. Second part of the work is focused on the measurement itself and data analysis. The last part of the work consists of comparison of calculated parking places according to standards with real number of parking places.

Diploma thesis is concerned with problems of parking places in VUT FSI area, Technická 2, Brno. In introduction there are explained methods of parking, sorting and orientation proportions of vehicles. Then there are explained basic requirements for parking areas according to valid norms and rules. In this task there is analyzed original and actual status of parking. Before separating suggestions is finished calculation of required number of parking places. Solution of whole problems around parking places is in three projects. Results are compared in conclusion.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1961 U46

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a special application of the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) for managing road traffic and substantially contributes to the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). VANET was introduced as a standard for data communication between moving vehicles with and without fixed infrastructure. It aims to support drivers by improving safety and driving comfort as a step towards constructing a safer, cleaner and a more intelligent environment. Nowadays, vehicles are manufactured equipped with a number of sensors and devices called On Board Units (OBU) assisting the vehicle to sense the surrounding environment and then process the context information to effectively manage communication with the surrounding vehicles and the associated infrastructure. A number of challenges have emerged in VANET that have encouraged researchers to investigate this concept further. Many of the recent studies have applied different technologies for intelligent parking management. However, despite all the technological advances, researchers are no closer to developing a system that enables drivers to easily locate and reserve a parking space. Limited resources such as energy, storage space, availability and reliability are factors which could have contributed to the lack success and progress in this area. The task then is to close these gaps and present a novel solution for parking. This research intends to address this need by developing a novel architecture for locating and reserving a parking space that best matches the driver's preferences and vehicle profile without distracting the driver. The simple and easy-to-use mechanism focuses on the domain of an intelligent parking system that exploits the concept of InfoStation (IS) and context-aware system creating a single framework to locate and reserve a parking space. A three tier network topology comprising of vehicles, IS and the InfoStation Centre (ISC) has been proposed as the foundation of the on-street parking system architecture. The thesis attempts to develop the architecture of a parking management solution as a comfort-enhancing application that offers to reduce congestion related stress and improve the driver experience by reducing the time it takes to identify and utilise a parking space that is available.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Manoeuvring a vehicle with additionally attached trailers is a tedious task. Albeit driver assistance systems support the driver in nearly any situation in these days, tools facilitating the manoeuvring process of extended vehicles can only rarely be found in research and especially in the market. This thesis deals with the prototypical implementation of a rear view camera parking assistance system. In particular, the visualisation of the predicted driving path of the tractor-trailer combination in the camera image is emphasised, following the representation of existing parking assistance systems for individual vehicles. A general approach is aiming at the portability of the system to nearly any kind of trailer. The superimposed guidelines are based on a state space model, which is derived on top of assumptions agreeing with results found in the literature. Due to the strong assumptions and simplifications, the model is tested in three different ways and moreover for different types of trailers. All underlying methods are described in detail and furthermore tested in several scenarios, if necessary. Special importance is attached to the comparison of the actual driven paths with their previous predictions, for which a new method has been derived, implemented and tested successfully. Beside the implementation of the guideline projection to the camera’s image, the human-machine interface is augmented by a Bird’s Eye view animation, too. A final test of the integrated system for different types of trailers shows the proper operation of the overall system during parking situations.

Woo Kar Fai. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1998-99, design report." / In double-leaf format. / Includes bibliographical references. / MISSION STATEMENT / to create a new program which automobiles are integrated with human activities as a Vision for the future / OBJECTIVE / "merge the automotive space with appropriate human activities in order to provide a more CONVENIENT, efficient and valuable space for driver/passenger " / BACKGROUND / hong kong situation / historical studies on western countries / POSSIBLE PROGRAMS / church / driving park / temp. meeting place / automible exhibition / automobile inspection / restaurant&toilets / shopping center / theater / DESIGN APPROACHES / car as an unit when people Inside the car / car as part of the space when people outside the car / target users / private car / motor cycle / mini-bus / taxi / ARCHITECTURAL ISUES / Chapter - --- extension of body space / Chapter - --- extension of car space / Chapter - --- integration of human activities / Chapter - --- space and motion / Chapter - --- sequential form / Chapter - --- flexibility / Chapter - --- image / Chapter - --- accessibility / PRECEDENTS STUDIES / CAR DESIGN TRENDS / greener car / MVP / smart / futuristic designer / GENERAL TRENDS

Public construction projects are frequently presented as occurring in complex social, political and economic settings described as being uncertain. In public administration, this uncertainty is cited as a cause for shifting from the so called "rational-comprehensive" model of policy and decision making toward an "incremental" or "mixed-scanning" approach. None of these models provides a panacea for dealing with the influences of the diverse and dynamic social and political attitudes, ethics and values that are inherent in urban settings. Where such uncertainty becomes unmanageable scientific experts are called upon to translate the problem into technical or economic language that lends itself to consideration by traditional management science analysis. This thesis describes one such translation of an urban transportation development project in the context of the political and philosophical exigencies which required its undertaking. A computer simulation approach to modelling the operation of a two-story underground parking structure, named the Capitol Mall Parking Structure, is described as well as the model's results and sensitivity in coping with various uncertainties posed by the project's decision makers. / Graduation date: 1992

The provision and pricing of parking are recognized as important tools for achieving transportation demand management (TDM) objectives. Much of the existing literature on the topic concentrates on downtown cores and calls for the application of maximum parking allowances to limit supplies. This thesis presents an analysis of existing suburban parking supplies in order to quantify parking maxima. The total number of spaces provided, footprint required to accommodate the spaces and the employment to which parking is providing are quantified. The totals are separated by different land use categories and quantities of employment are normalized to account for high trip-generating jobs such as retail. Parking supplies are examined as a function of traditional land use market theory and across primary land use categories. The results indicate that employment is a fairly weak indicator of parking supply, while weighted employment that considers the effects of retail is a much stronger indicator. On average, very high and very low land use densities have the lowest parking requirements per employee (0.39 spaces per employee) while moderate land use densities have the least diversity of land use, yet the highest supply of employee parking (4.01 spaces per employee). The methodology applied may be used to produce quantitative maxima to be incorporated into local parking bylaws that are recognized as potentially strong TDM tools. Further research that compares the observed parking supply patterns across a series of mid-sized cities is recommended to make stronger conclusions regarding the range of maximum values.