Algumas questões desafiam atualmente a política institucional de recursos hídricos no que refere à implementação do que está previsto na legislação brasileira das águas. A primeira delas diz respeito à implantação do próprio gerenciamento ambiental por bacia hidrográfica, ou seja, à forma descentralizada de gestão através de organismos de bacia. A segunda é fazer com que esses organismos se desenvolvam de forma compartilhada e participativa, incorporando todos segmentos locais importantes na direção dos organismos de bacia, principalmente os moradores, que são os mais afetados e que até muito recentemente estavam alijados das decisões. Uma terceira questão é garantir que a gestão dos recursos hídricos esteja integrada à gestão ambiental como um todo. O Estado do Rio de Janeiro possui, assim como todos os outros, sua legislação das águas e vem, desde 1999, implantando a Política e o Sistema Estadual de Recursos Hídricos. A macrorregião Ambiental 4 do Estado, que abrange a conhecida região dos Lagos e a região da bacia hidrográfica do rio São João, desde 1999, vem desenvolvendo a sua gestão ambiental e, em especial, a de recursos hídricos através da criação do Consórcio Intermunicipal Lagos São João e, em 2005, do Comitê de Bacia. Esses organismos de bacia atuam conjuntamente e têm conseguido promover a organização de todos segmentos da sociedade local, com destaque para os pescadores artesanais e os moradores, além de todas prefeituras e das empresas usuárias de água mais importantes. Muitos resultados da ação desses organismos de bacia têm beneficiado o meio ambiente e os moradores da região, em especial, com soluções para os problemas de saneamento das Lagoas de Araruama e de Saquarema e para o término da extração de conchas e areia nas Lagoas e no rio São João, o que tem propiciado uma recuperação do estoque pesqueiro nestes corpos dágua. A análise político-institucional da criação e do desenvolvimento dos organismos de bacia da região, dos sucessos e insucessos que têm obtido e de sua sustentabilidade institucional, são os objetivos dessa dissertação. Para isso foi usada a metodologia do projeto do Banco Mundial Integrated River Basin Management and the Principle of Managing Water Resources at the Lowest Appropriate Level: When and Why Does It (Not) Work in Practice? de Kemper et al., 2005, com adaptações. / Some questions have currently challenging the water resources institutional politics in the implementation of the Brazilian water resources legislation. The first one is to implement the decentralized river basin management at the lowest appropriate level. The second one is to make that basin level committees develop themselves in a participating way that includes to share the decisions between all the local actors, mostly, the residents (inhabitants) who were the most affected by water problems and who were, up to recently, gotten rid of the decisions. A third question is to ensure that the water resources management is integrated to the environment management. The Rio de Janeiro State has, as all other Brazilian States, its own water resources legislation and has implemented it since 1999. The state Environmental Macro-Region 4, which embraces the region known as Lagos and the São João river basin, both localized in the East extremity of Rios coast, since 1999, are developing its environmental management and, specially, the water resources management by the creation of the Lagos São João Intermunicipal Consortium and, in 2005, its river basin Committee. These river basin arrangements were operating jointly and have been succeeded to promote de organization of all local actors, specially, the fisherman, and the inhabitants, beyond the municipalities and the water concessionaires. Many results of the committee actions were already benefiting the region environment and his inhabitants, specially, by leading the solution of the sanitation problems in the region, in special, the Araruama and Saquarema lagoons and the interruption of the sand and shell extraction of the lagoons and rivers, what are proportioning fishery recovering in the region. The political and institutional analysis of the river basin management arrangements in the region, that includes their creation and the development, their successes and failures and their institutional sustainability, are the objectives of this dissertation. In this purpose, it was used the World Bank methodology of the Integrated River Basin Management and the Principle of Managing Water Resources at the Lowest Appropriate Level: When and Why Does It (Not) Work in Practice? project (Kemper et al., 2005), with some adaptations.

Algumas questões desafiam atualmente a política institucional de recursos hídricos no que refere à implementação do que está previsto na legislação brasileira das águas. A primeira delas diz respeito à implantação do próprio gerenciamento ambiental por bacia hidrográfica, ou seja, à forma descentralizada de gestão através de organismos de bacia. A segunda é fazer com que esses organismos se desenvolvam de forma compartilhada e participativa, incorporando todos segmentos locais importantes na direção dos organismos de bacia, principalmente os moradores, que são os mais afetados e que até muito recentemente estavam alijados das decisões. Uma terceira questão é garantir que a gestão dos recursos hídricos esteja integrada à gestão ambiental como um todo. O Estado do Rio de Janeiro possui, assim como todos os outros, sua legislação das águas e vem, desde 1999, implantando a Política e o Sistema Estadual de Recursos Hídricos. A macrorregião Ambiental 4 do Estado, que abrange a conhecida região dos Lagos e a região da bacia hidrográfica do rio São João, desde 1999, vem desenvolvendo a sua gestão ambiental e, em especial, a de recursos hídricos através da criação do Consórcio Intermunicipal Lagos São João e, em 2005, do Comitê de Bacia. Esses organismos de bacia atuam conjuntamente e têm conseguido promover a organização de todos segmentos da sociedade local, com destaque para os pescadores artesanais e os moradores, além de todas prefeituras e das empresas usuárias de água mais importantes. Muitos resultados da ação desses organismos de bacia têm beneficiado o meio ambiente e os moradores da região, em especial, com soluções para os problemas de saneamento das Lagoas de Araruama e de Saquarema e para o término da extração de conchas e areia nas Lagoas e no rio São João, o que tem propiciado uma recuperação do estoque pesqueiro nestes corpos dágua. A análise político-institucional da criação e do desenvolvimento dos organismos de bacia da região, dos sucessos e insucessos que têm obtido e de sua sustentabilidade institucional, são os objetivos dessa dissertação. Para isso foi usada a metodologia do projeto do Banco Mundial Integrated River Basin Management and the Principle of Managing Water Resources at the Lowest Appropriate Level: When and Why Does It (Not) Work in Practice? de Kemper et al., 2005, com adaptações. / Some questions have currently challenging the water resources institutional politics in the implementation of the Brazilian water resources legislation. The first one is to implement the decentralized river basin management at the lowest appropriate level. The second one is to make that basin level committees develop themselves in a participating way that includes to share the decisions between all the local actors, mostly, the residents (inhabitants) who were the most affected by water problems and who were, up to recently, gotten rid of the decisions. A third question is to ensure that the water resources management is integrated to the environment management. The Rio de Janeiro State has, as all other Brazilian States, its own water resources legislation and has implemented it since 1999. The state Environmental Macro-Region 4, which embraces the region known as Lagos and the São João river basin, both localized in the East extremity of Rios coast, since 1999, are developing its environmental management and, specially, the water resources management by the creation of the Lagos São João Intermunicipal Consortium and, in 2005, its river basin Committee. These river basin arrangements were operating jointly and have been succeeded to promote de organization of all local actors, specially, the fisherman, and the inhabitants, beyond the municipalities and the water concessionaires. Many results of the committee actions were already benefiting the region environment and his inhabitants, specially, by leading the solution of the sanitation problems in the region, in special, the Araruama and Saquarema lagoons and the interruption of the sand and shell extraction of the lagoons and rivers, what are proportioning fishery recovering in the region. The political and institutional analysis of the river basin management arrangements in the region, that includes their creation and the development, their successes and failures and their institutional sustainability, are the objectives of this dissertation. In this purpose, it was used the World Bank methodology of the Integrated River Basin Management and the Principle of Managing Water Resources at the Lowest Appropriate Level: When and Why Does It (Not) Work in Practice? project (Kemper et al., 2005), with some adaptations.

La prépondérance des outils numériques dans l’espace communicationnel revèle l’enjeu de leurs utilisations éfficientes pour les acteurs de la société dans leurs stratégies d’expression et d’influence. Ce travail propose une exploration au coeur de l’univers d’un de ces outils (le blog) pour une compréhension de son fonctionnement en vue de dégager les potentialités stratégiques de son utilisation par un acteur particulier de la société: l’Église catholique de France. La première partie de cette recherche a consisté à expliciter les différents concepts qui ont été mobilisés : l’intelligence stratégique, le blog, et la notion de participation à des débats de société. Cette étape de définition s’est avérée nécessaire car, elle nous a permis, par notre définition de l’intelligence stratégique, de choisir l’angle suivant lequel, nous avons conduit la présentation du concept du blogs. La seconde partie de notre travail présente progressivement l’émergence de l’intelligence stratégique dans le cadre de la révision de la loi de bioéthique de l’Église catholique. Dans cette présentation, nous avons explicité les particularités (la diversité, la fugacité et la complexité) d’un terrain d’étude comme la blogosphère catholique. Ces particularités nous ont amené à l’adoption d’une méthode de sélection de blogs faisant référence à Google, et à une technique d’archivage dynamique des blogs. Par la suite nous avons essayé d’appréhender cette blogosphère catholique, par une explicitation de l’organisation et du fonctionnement institutionnel de l’Église catholique. / The Ascendancy of digital tools in the domain of communication reveals the importance of their efficient use for social actors in their strategies of expression and influence. This study proposes an exploration into the heart of the universe of one of these tools (the blog) to understand it’s function in order to identify potential strategic use by a specific actor in society: the Catholic Church in France. The first part of this research consisted in clarifying the various concepts used: strategic intelligence, the blog, and the notion of participating in social debates. This definition phase proved to be necessary, because it allowed us, by using our definition of strategic intelligence, to choose the approach from which the concept of blogs would be presented. The second part of our study gradually shows the emergence of strategic intelligence regarding the revision of bioethical laws in the Catholic Church. In this study, we explain the specificities (diversity, fugacity and complexity) for a field of study such as the Catholic blogosphere. These features have led us to adopt a method of selecting blogs referenced by Google, and to a technique of dynamic archiving of blogs. Subsequently we have tried to approach this Catholic blogosphere, by clarifying the organization and institutional functioning of the Catholic Church.

More than 20 million copies of Warren’s book, The Purpose Driven Life (2002), were sold over the past 2 years. It is the best-selling hardback in U.S. history. Warren’s previous book, “The Purpose Driven Church” (1995), has sold over one million copies in 20 languages, and was selected as one of the 100 Christian books that. changed the 20th century. More than 415 churches/congregations in South-Africa have already purchased “The Purpose Driven campaign kit” and completed the 40 Days Campaign or are planning to do so. The name Rick Warren is synonymous with “Purpose Driven” and the popularity of his work as well as his influence in this country, justifies a study of this nature. This study wants to determine the effect of Rick Warren’s 40 days of purpose in the Circuit of Klerksdorp of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika. Warren (2002/3) provides five purposes for a believer in the church in his book, A Purpose Driven Life, which is according to him, the church’s purpose of existence. The book is divided into 40 brief chapters and participating congregations are motivated to use the book as part of their 40 days campaign. A Campaign Training Manual can be used complementary to the book helping congregations to prepare their campaign successfully. Chapter 1 of this study takes a look at the external and internal problems in the church. The question arises if the church is at all times sure of her purpose of excistence. There is a difference between efficiency (doing things correctly) and effectiveness, which is doing the right things correctly. The purpose of the church’s existence therefore involves choosing the right alternatives. The hypothesis of this study is that the 40 Days of Purpose is an excellent project for congregations to discover their purpose of existence while it also strengthens the process of building up the local congregation. With this hypothesis in mind, chapter 2 provides the underlying theological principles, concepts and some definitions of the subject of building up the local church. Chapter 3 contains a description of the preparation, the course and the ending of the 40 Days Campaign. The participating congregations in the circuit of Klerksdorp are evaluated according to the guidelines of the Campaign Training Manual. A theological view of each of Warren’s (2002) five purposes is also presented. Chapter 4 provides the quantitative and qualitative research which was done in the Curcuit of Klerksdorp. Eight congregations participated in the research project and the respondents reactions are discussed. Interviews that took place whith the pastors of participating congregations, are also discussed. Chapter 5 contains a critical evaluation of the 40 Days of Purpose as well as the book of Warren (2002/3). The conclusion reviews the hypothesis and whether it can be confirmed. / Dissertation (MA (Theology) : Practical Theology)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

在全球化的環境下，經濟與科技的瞬息萬變已對各產業產生革命性的衝擊。在此情況下，人才的培育成為各國在全球化趨勢下，得以維持競爭優勢至關重要之因素。而面對全球化經濟、資本自由流動，我國政府對於推動人才培育政策亦不遺餘力，其中我國經濟建設的大幅成長即與技職教育的日益發展息息相關。而在技職教育體系中，又以建教合作制度最具有發展經濟及安定社會之功能，過去此制度亦培育許多優秀且不可或缺的基層勞動力。 本研究透過深度訪談之方式，訪談5位目前正參與建教合作之學生、3間目前正參與此制度之學校及3間目前正參與此制度之企業。根據本研究發現，建教合作生參與此制度之動機主要係以經濟因素之考量為主，其餘則係依據個人興趣及喜好而投入。至有關建教生勞動權益保障部分，研究發現，即便我國102年施行之《高級中等學校建教合作實施及建教生權益保障法》對於建教生勞動權益之保護已明訂且規範十分詳盡，惟我國建教生對於勞動意識仍相當薄弱，且對於事業機構之違法行為亦賦予合理化之解釋，另對於勞動基本權（如：團結權、團體協商權、爭議權）亦一無所知，究其理由應與我國勞動教育的不普及密切關聯，建教生無法明確區分「學習」與「勞動」。因此，本研究根據結論，分別提出給政府、學校、企業、學生及後續研究者相關建議，希冀能改善我國建教合作制度所面臨之問題，以協助建教合作生在企業訓練期間之勞動權益受到保障，並使建教合作制度得永續發展，使學生得透過此制度獲致相關職業技能。 / Under the circumstances of globalization, the rapid substantial change of economy and technology has had a revolutionary impact on various industries. As a result, the cultivation of manpower becomes the key factor for countries to maintain competitive advantages under the trend of globalization. In the face of the free flow of capital and economy, our government has also spared no efforts to promote the manpower cultivation plan. The development of the substantial growth of Taiwan's economy is also closely related to the technical and vocational education. As one of the technical and vocational education system, the cooperative education has the function of developing economy and stabilizing the society. In the past, the cooperative education indeed cultivated many excellent and indispensable human capital in Taiwan. In this study, depth interviews were used for data collection. The participants include 5 students who are currently engaged in cooperative education, 3 schools currently participating in the system, and 3 enterprises currently participating in the system. According to this research, the motivations of students to participate in this system are mainly due to the consideration of economic factors, while the rest are based on personal interests. In regards to the protection of participating students’ labor rights, the study also found that even though the 2013 " The Act of the Cooperative Education Implementation in Senior High Schools and the Protection of Student Participants’ Right " was legislated to protect students’ labor rights, while the labor consciousness of the participating students are still weak. In addition, the participating students also rationalize the enterprise’s illegal acts, and know nothing about the basic labor rights (eg. right to organize, right to bargain collectively, right to dispute). The reasons should be owing to Taiwan's labor education is not so widespread, so participating students can’t clearly distinguish between "learning" and "labor." In conclusion, recommendations for policy makers, schools, enterprises, students as well as the further research, hoping to improve the problems faced by Taiwan's cooperative education as well as to improve the students’ labor rights during the training. Hope that the cooperative education can be more sustainable so that students can get skills through this system.

Dans cet ouvrage sera décrite la synthèse de nouveaux analogues du sialyl Lewis X (sLex). A cet effet, nous avons préparé une librairie d’analogues synthétisée à partir d’une approche mettant en jeu un «espaceur» acyclique permettant d’avoir un biais conformationnel que nous avons défini comme la stratégie ATC-B. Nous avions déjà démontré que certains analogues portant un groupe benzoate en C-2 et en C-4 du galactose présentent une activité 50 fois supérieure à celle du sLex. Nous avions par ailleurs démontré qu’en l’absence du benzoate en C-2, l’activité devient alors trois fois plus faible. A présent, il paraissait interessant de synthétiser des analogues ayant seulement un groupe benzoate en C-4 pour evaluer l’impact de ce groupement sur la puissance de nos analogues. Par le passé, nous avions également mis en évidence le rôle des esters sur l’activité des analogues portant un «espaceur» acyclique dans le cadre de la stratégie ATC-B. Nous effectuerons donc des variations à ce niveau pour en évaluer l’impact. Enfin, nous avons préparé une nouvelle famille d’analogues de type dimère. Ceux-ci seront constitués de 2 unités des composés monomériques synthétisés précédemment. La synthèse de ces dimères fera l’emploi de la «Click Chemistry». Cette étude nous mènera a vous présenter la synthèse de ces composés et la méthodologie employée. / This work describes the synthesis of novel sialyl Lewis X (sLex) analogues. To this end, we have prepared a library of analogues by implementing a strategy that makes use of an Acyclic Tether which allows for defined Conformational Bias (ATCB strategy). We have previously shown that analogues bearing a benzoate group at both positions C-2 and C-4 of the galactose exert an activity 50-fold greater than that of sLex. Indeed, removing the benzoate at position C-4 while keeping the one at C-2 led to a three fold decrease in potency. We are currently preparing the corresponding analogues that have the benzoate only at position C-4 in order to fully evaluate its impact on the potency of the analogue. We have also previously elucidated the role of esters on the activity of analogues that have acyclic tether as part of the ATC-B strategy. Variations have been made at the level of the ester and their impact has been evaluated. Lastly, we have prepared a novel family of analogues consisting of two identical monomeric subunits linked together. Synthesis of these dimers was performed via «Click Chemistry». This study describes the synthesis of the compounds and the methodology employed.

Ce travail porte sur la résolution numérique des transferts couplés par rayonnement et conduction au sein d'un milieu semi-transparent pour une géométrie 3D de forme complexe. Le rayonnement thermique est simulé par un code de calcul développé durant cette thèse. Ce code résout l'équation du transfert radiatif (ETR) par une méthode aux volumes finis (MVF) avec une formulation " cell-vertex " s'appliquant à des maillages tétraédriques non structurés. Il utilise un schéma de fermeture de type exponentiel, un ordre de parcours ainsi qu'une résolution matricielle innovante pour la MVF appliquée à l'ETR. Le modèle mis en place traite des milieux absorbants, émettants, gris ou non-gris bordés par des surfaces noires ou opaques à réflexion diffuse. Le couplage rayonnement-conduction s'effectue sur le même maillage avec un code d'éléments finis pour la conduction. La validation du code de rayonnement et du couplage passe par de nombreux cas tests issus de la littérature. Il aborde les milieux gris, isotherme avec différentes géométries où les effets de la discrétisation spatiale et angulaire sont observés au travers d'une étude de sensibilité. Trois schémas de fermeture ont été étudiés sur un milieu transparent pour montrer leurs influences sur la précision et la diffusion numérique. Les études des transferts de chaleur couplés traitent le problème de l'équilibre radiatif et du couplage conduction-rayonnement en régime stationnaire ou instationnaire avec les équations adimensionnées. La dernière étude porte sur un milieu non-gris tel que le verre en considérant la conduction et le rayonnement en régime stationnaire avec une méthode spectrale par bande pour la partie radiative / This work deals with the numerical solution of coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer in participating media in complex 3D geometries. Thermal radiation is simulated by a numerical code developed during this thesis. This code solves the radiative transfer equation (RTE) by a modified finite volume method (FVM) with a cell-vertex formulation applied to unstructured tetrahedral meshes. It uses a closure relation based on an exponential scheme, a marching order map and an innovative matrix solution for the FVM applied to the RTE. The model is applied to absorbing-emitting, grey or non-grey media bounded by black or opaque walls with diffuse reflection. The mesh used for the radiation-conduction coupling is the one used by the finite element code for the conduction. The validation of the radiative code and the coupling are carried out through several test cases taken from the literature. Grey and isothermal media with different geometries are considered, and the effects of the spatial and angular discretizations are observed through a sensitivity study. Three closure schemes have been studied on a transparent medium in order to show their influence on the accuracy and false scattering. Studies of coupled heat transfer are carried out on radiative equilibrium problems and coupled radiation-conduction problems in steady or transient states with the dimensionless equations. Finally a non-grey medium such glass is also studied, considering conduction and radiation in steady state with a spectral band model for radiation

A Educação Ambiental - EA - é uma área emergente do saber. Muitas das atividades desenvolvidas em EA, ainda carecem de metodologias e práticas mais definidas, devido a própria natureza reflexiva e aberta desse campo educacional. Com o fim de avaliar a EA na educação formal nos dois diferentes níveis do ensino básico - ensino fundamental e médio, do município de São Carlos, estado de São Paulo, o presente trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico realizado através do levantamento de informações junto aos órgãos da educação pública, escolas e universidades sobre o desenvolvimento de projetos, programas, disciplinas e instrumentos em educação ambiental aplicado nas escolas públicas. A região de São Carlos destaca-se dentro do estado de São Paulo nas atividades voltadas às questões ambientais, tendo como um relevante indicativo o envolvimento em projetos ambientais de organizações civis de interesses públicos (ONG\'s, OSCIPS etc), universidades governamentais e não governamentais e do núcleo de educação ambiental da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu. Em função desta demanda, torna-se indispensável a existência de um diagnóstico capaz de orientar e fomentar iniciativas e ações a serem desenvolvidas em EA, pautadas em dados reais que subsidiem e contextualizem na realidade local os objetivos e diretrizes de um programa educacional. O diagnóstico realizado foi sistematizado através de questionários e entrevistas durante os meses de setembro de 2001 e abril de 2002, junto às 27escolas estaduais do ensino fundamental e médio e 08 escolas municipais do ensino fundamental do município de São Carlos - SP. A análise exploratória dos resultados da pesquisa foi baseada em estatística descritiva. A metodologia empregada procurou compor um censo diagnóstico de caráter investigativo e analítico, realizado em etapas rigorosamente implementadas, favorecendo a verificação dos processos educacionais desenvolvidos no âmbito escolar que envolveram a EA em suas práticas pedagógicas, bem como o grau de envolvimento com os demais segmentos de uma sociedade, como a são-carlense, que se destaca nacionalmente em educação, ciência e tecnologia. Os resultados mostraram que a inserção da temática ambiental no currículo escolar ainda é bastante tímida e insipiente, e carece de um suporte mais efetivo não só do ponto de vista da legislação, mas principalmente da busca de motivações dos profissionais da educação e das políticas públicas locais, que devem mostrar-se mais comprometidas com uma prática pedagógica particularmente preocupada com as questões sócio-ambientais. O diagnóstico ainda visou contribuir com a construção da agenda 21 do município de São Carlos, dentro do cenário de políticas públicas na área da Educação que inclua a temática ambiental com enfoque no desenvolvimento sustentável. / The Environmental Education - EE - is an emergent area of knowledge. A lot of activities developed in EE are still lacking in more definite methodologies and practices, due to the own reflex and open nature of this educational field. Aiming to value the EE at formal education in the two different levels of basic education - primary and secondary education, of Sao Carlos city, state of Sao Paulo, the present work shows a diagnosis carried out through the survey of information together with public education bureaus, schools and universities, about projects development, programs, subjects and instruments in environmental education applied at public schools. The region of Sao Carlos stands out, inside the state of Sao Paulo, at activities turned to environmental questions. An important indicator of this involvement are environmental projects of civil organization (ONG - Non-Government Organization, OSCIP - Civil Society of Public Interest Organization, etc), government and non-government universities, and of the núcleo de educação ambiental da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu (Nucleus of Environmental Education of Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Basin). Due to this demand, it becomes indispensable the existence of a diagnosis capable of advising and stimulating initiatives and actions to be developed in EE, based on real data that subsidize and give context at the local reality the objectives and directives of an educational program. The carried out diagnosis was organized through questionnaires and interviews on September, 2001 and April, 2002, together with 27 state schools from primary and secondary education and 08 municipal schools from primary education of Sao Carlos city - SP. The analysis exploration of research results was based on descriptive statistics. The applied methodology tried to make a diagnosis census of investigative and analytic character, elaborated in strictly implemented steps, favoring the checking of developed educational processes in school scope, that involved the EE in their pedagogical practices , as well as the involvement degree with other segments of a society, as from Sao Carlos, which stands out, nationally, in education, science and technology. The results showed that the inclusion of environmental subject matter in school curriculum is still enough shy, lacking a more effective support, not only from the legislation point of view, but mainly from the search of motivation of the education professionals and local public polices, that must show themselves more compromised with a pedagogical practice particularly worried about social-environmental issues. The diagnosis had still aimed to contribute to the construction of agenda 21 of Sao Carlos city, inside the setting of public polices in education field which includes the environmental subject matter, with focus on supporting development.

This thesis deals with the nowadays largely unknown Austrian author Raoul Auernheimer (1876-1948). It is an attempt at a presentation of his life and work, the main part dealing with four of his works, the play Talent (1900), the long story Laurenz Hallers Praterfahrt (1913), the novel Das Kapital (1923) and the autobiographical report Die Zeit im Lager (1939). My purpose is to investigate to what extent his works reflect time, Auernheimers life and the city of Vienna. An introductory chapter on life and work deals with the most important events in his life. It is clear, that he was one of the major personalities in the field of culture in Vienna before and after World War I and an outstanding intellectual who stood for democratic values. When he was 61 the Nazis forced him to leave Austria, after first having put him into the concentration camp Dachau for five months. He was then in exile in the USA where, in spite of a heart condition, he lived on for nine more years. A section on secondary literature and an almost complete catalogue of his works show their versatility, scope and scale. In this context, his significant role as a drama critic, journalist and essayist becomes evident. The city of Vienna is a central theme in the four works I examined and each date of origin (1900, 1913, 1923, 1939) is significant for the work itself. Work and date indicate radical changes in his literary production and constitute a step in the direction of becoming a person who thinks politically. However these changes meant very little to his literary style, which shows continuity. In his works he basically remains a Feuilletonist and playwright. More and more Auernheimer shows his solidarity with the vulnerable groups of society. This is conveyed indirectly, virtually through ‘participating observation‘. By each time describing conditions accurately and exactly, he criticizes current deficiencies. Concerning language it is apparent, that irony is important to his style. Since he views his world critically, he uses it to make social conditions clear. The style of the Feuilleton, in which linguistic brilliance and harmony of text are important components, is characteristic of this author. It is the style of the journalist and critic. Keywords: Raoul Auernheimer, continuity, change, life, work, journalist, critic, Talent, Laurenz Hallers Praterfahrt, Das Kapital, Die Zeit im Lager, time influence, social conditions, participating observation, criticism of current deficiencies, city of Vienna, style of the Feuilleton, irony   Lennart Weiss, Department of Modern Languages, Box 636, Uppsala University, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden   © Lennart Weiss 2010

本研究主要目的在瞭解台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，從警察機關與民力組織兩方面進行，探討應如何整合各類民力參與警察業務？實務上有哪些警察業務適合由民力參與，以及如何提升民力參與意願等問題，期能整合民力資源，作最有效運用，提供警察機關運用民力之參考。本研究主要以台北縣民力參與警察業務為研究範圍，首先以文獻探討研究台北縣民力參與警察業務的現況，再進一步針對台北縣新店警察分局運用民力參與警察業務做個案觀察研究，目的是在瞭解目前新店警察分局成立「全民治安諮詢委員會」運用民力參與警察業務的現況，試圖尋找出一套警察機關策略整合民力運用的機制，以供各警察機關民力運用時之參考。經由實地參與觀察，蒐集相關資料後，再根據深度訪談的分析結果，整理研究發現並提供相關建議。 本研究發現，民力運用制度於日據時代是身分、地位及榮譽的象徵，人民參加的意願相當高，運用民力參與警察業務的內容，亦隨著環境的需求而改變，以前是單純的協助治安維持，後來增加秩序維護，近年來為民服務是相當受重視的工作，而且民力參與警察業務一直受到政治力量的影響，只是程度不同而已。其次，就警察機關依法編組的民力而言，要整合編組成一種民力組織是有困難的，但是義警、民防、社區巡守隊業務功能相近，其業務是可以合併由一個單位辦理，惟民力運用應整體整合運用且整合對象要多元差異，因其特性運用，不只限於依法編組運用的民力，而民力整合的重點在於主管是否用心？是否具有整合的能力？目前運用民參與警察業務注重功能導向，欠缺策略性整合運用機制，而且要整合吸納民意代表參與，避免民力成為政治工具。另外，實務上民力參與警察業務的內容有情資提供、協助勤務執行、預防犯罪宣導、協助學童上下課安全以及協助分駐派出所為民服務工作。最後研究發現民力單位（人員）受到尊重、所提出的問題能獲得解決，是提升他們參與意願的重要因素，而福利制度的好壞，並非提升參與意願的重要因素。 / The purpose of this research was to understand the present situation of civil force participation in police affairs in Taipei County. This research on the integration of all kinds of civil forces assisting police affairs covered two areas: police administrations and civil organizations. We were interested in finding out what kind of police work is suitable for civil forces and how to encourage citizen participation in these programs. By doing so, we would like to provide suggestions to police institutions when organizing civil forces so that they may be integrated more effectively, thereby enhancing their continued participation. In this research document analysis was first completed, and then a case study of the Shin-Dian Police Precinct’s “Public Security Consulting Commission” was carried out. Through actual participation and observation, we gathered the data used in this research. Through data analysis of our findings and in-depth interviews, we have provided relevant suggestions for police administrators in this paper. This research reveals that during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan the civil force system was a symbol of identity, status, and honor, and therefore the willingness among the population to participate was quite high. The purpose of the organization also adapted to Taiwan’s changing society. Initially, the force simply maintained public security, but later it took on the work of keeping order. In recent years, the civilian services have been highly valued, but there are problematic aspects. For example, civil forces’ participation in police affairs has always been somewhat connected to influence peddling. In addition, it is difficult to integrate and organize a civil organization as broad as the civil force that is officially managed by the police administrations in Taiwan. However, because vigilantes, civil defenders, and community patrolling squads have similar functions, they can be merged and managed as a single unit. And the subjects integrated should be diverse on certain targets. Because of its utilization characteristics, it is not only confined to the officially arranged civil forces. It was found that the success of civil force integration depends on the expectation of the commander’s involvement with the group and how capable he or she is at organizing the volunteers. Utilizing civil forces to participate in police affairs is a highly functionally oriented undertaking. However, it was found in this study that it lacks strategic integration and utilization. Therefore, the participation of the representatives must be integrated and absorbed in order to prevent the civil forces from becoming political tools. These civil forces are valuable resources providing general intelligence to police, police duty assistance, crime prevention propaganda distribution, security for schoolchildren, and civilian services assistance. Finally, we found that it is not the compensation they receive that inspires the citizens to participate in such civil forces, but rather whether they feel highly valued and if their problems are solved that keeps them in the program.