Arsenic and antimony are important trace elements in magmatic-hydrothermal systems, geothermal systems and epithermal deposits, but their partitioning behavior between melt and aqueous fluid is not well understood. The partitioning of arsenic and antimony between aqueous fluid and granitic melt has been studied in the system SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-H2O at 800 degree C and 200 MPa. The partition coefficients of As and Sb between aqueous fluid and melt, are 1.4 +- 0.5 and 0.8 +- 0.5, respectively. The partitioning of As is not affected by aluminum saturation index (ASI) or SiO2 content of the melt, or by oxygen fugacity under oxidized conditions (log fO2 > the nickel-nickel oxide buffer, NNO). The partitioning of Sb is independent of and SiO2 content of the melt. However, aluminum saturation index (ASI) does affect Sb partitioning and Sb partition coefficient for peralkaline melt (0.1 +- 0.01) is much smaller than that for metaluminous melts (0.8 +- 0.4) and that for peraluminous melts (1.3 +- 0.7). Thermodynamic calculations show that As(III) is dominant in aqueous fluid at 800 degree C and 200 MPa and XPS analysis of run product glass indicate that only As(III) exists in melt, which confirms the finding that does not affect As partitioning between fluid and melt. XPS analysis of run product glass show that Sb(V) is dominant in melt at oxidized conditions (log fO2 > -10). The peralkaline effect only exhibits on Sb partitioning, not on As partitioning at oxidized conditions, which is consistent with the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements that As(III) and Sb(V) are dominant oxidation states in melt under oxidized conditions, because the peralkaline effect is stronger for pentavalent than trivalent cations. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are an alternative technology to treat mine drainage containing sulfate and heavy metals. Two column experiments were conducted to assess the suitability of an organic carbon (OC) based reactive mixture and an Fe0-bearing organic carbon (FeOC) based reactive mixture, under controlled groundwater flow conditions. The organic carbon (OC) column showed an initial sulfate reduction rate of 0.4 μmol g(oc)-1 d-1 and exhausted its capacity to promote sulfate reduction after 30 pore volumes (PVs), or 9 months of flow. The Fe0-bearing organic carbon (FeOC) column sustained a relative constant sulfate reduction rate of 0.9 μmol g(oc)-1 d-1 for at least 65 PVs (17 months). The microbial enumerations and isotopic measurements indicate that the sulfate reduction was mediated by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The cathodic production of H2 by anaerobic corrosion of Fe probably is the cause of the difference in sulfate reduction rates between the two reactive mixtures. Zero-valent iron can be used to provide an electron donor in sulfate reducing PRBs and Fe0-bearing organic carbon reactive mixture has a potential to improve the performance of organic carbon PRBs. The δ34S values can be used to determine the extent of sulfate reduction, but the fractionation is not consistent between reactive materials. The δ13C values indicate that methanogenesis is occurring in the front part of both columns. Arsenic and antimony in groundwater are great threats to human health. The PRB technology potentially is an efficient and cost-effective approach to remediate organic and inorganic contamination in groundwater. Two column experiments were conducted to assess the rates and capacities of organic carbon (OC) PRB and Fe-bearing organic carbon (FeOC) PRB to remove As and Sb under controlled groundwater flow conditions. The average As removal rate for the OC column was 13 nmole day-1 g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon) and its removal capacity was 11 μmole g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon). The remove rate of the FeOC material was 165 nmole day-1 g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon) and its minimum removal capacity was 105 mole g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon). Antimony removal rate of the OC material decreases from 8.2 to 1.4 nmole day-1 g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon) and its removal capacity is 2.4 μmole g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon). The minimum removal rate of FeOC material is 13 nmole day-1 g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon) and its minimum removal capacity is 8.4 μmole g-1 (dry weight of organic carbon). The As(III) : [As(III)+As(V)] ratio increased from 1% in the influent to 50% at 5.5 cm from the influent end, and to 80% at 15.5 cm from the influent end of the OC column. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) shows As(III)-sulfide species on solid samples. These results suggest that As(V) is reduced to As(III) both in pore water and precipitate as As sulfides or coprecipitate with iron sulfides. The arsenic reduction rate suggests that As(V) reduction is mediated by bacterial activity in the OC column and that both abiotic reduction and bacterial reduction could be important in FeOC.

The temperature rise at the interface of two sliding bodies has significant bearing on the friction and wear characteristics of the bodies. The friction heat generated at the interface can be viewed as "loss of exergy" of the system, which also leads to accelerated wear in the form of oxidation, corrosion, and scuffing. This has a direct impact on the performance of the components or the machinery. If the sliding interface is also conducting electric current then the physics at the interface becomes complicated. The presence of electrical current leads to Joule heat generation at the interface along with other effects like electromotive, electroplasticity, stress relaxation and creep. The interface of an electrical contact, either stationary or dynamic, is a complex environment as several different physical phenomena can occur simultaneously at different scales of observations. The main motivation for this work stems from the need to provide means for accurate determination or prediction of the critical contact parameters viz., temperature and contact resistance. Understanding the behavior of electrical contacts both static and dynamic under various operating conditions can provide new insights into the behavior of the interface. This dissertation covers three major topics: (1) temperature rise at the interface of sliding bodies, (2) study on static electrical contacts, and (3) study of factors influencing behavior of sliding electrical contacts under high current densities. A model for determining the steady-state temperature distribution at the interface of two sliding bodies, with arbitrary initial temperatures and subjected to Coulomb and/or Joule heating, is developed. The model applies the technique of least squares regression to apply the condition of temperature continuity at every point in the domain. The results of the analysis are presented as a function of non-dimensional parameters of Peclet number, thermal conductivity ratio and ellipticity ratio. This model is first of its kind and enables the prediction of full temperature field. The analysis can be applied to a macro-scale contact, ignoring surface roughness, between two bodies and also to contact between two asperities. This analysis also yields an analytical expression for determining the heat partition between two bodies, if the Jaeger's hypothesis of equating average temperatures of both the bodies is being implemented. In general for design purposes one is interested in either the maximum or the average temperature rise at the interface of two sliding bodies. Jaeger had presented simple equations, based on matching the average temperatures of both bodies, for square and band shaped contact geometries. Engineers since then have been using those equations for determining the interface temperature for circular and elliptical shaped contact geometries. Curve fit equations for determining the maximum and the average interface temperature for circular and elliptical contact with semi-ellipsoidal form of heat distribution are presented. These curve fit equations are also applicable for the case when both the bodies have dissimilar initial bulk temperatures. The equations are presented in terms of non-dimensional parameters and hence can easily be applied to any practical scenario. The knowledge of electrical contact resistance between two bodies is important in ascertaining the Joule heat generation at the interface. The prediction of the contact resistance thus becomes important in predicting the performance of the contact or the machinery where the contact exists. The existing models for predicting ECR suffer from the drawback of ambiguity of the definition of input parameters as they depend on the sampling resolution of the measuring device. A multi-scale ECR model which decomposes the surface into its component frequencies, thus capturing the multi scale nature of rough surfaces, is developed to predict the electrical contact resistance. This model, based on the JS multi-scale contact model, overcomes the sensitivity to sampling resolution inherent in many asperity based models in the literature. The multi-scale ECR model also offers orders of magnitude of savings in computation time when compared to deterministic contact models. The model predictions are compared with the experimental observations over a wide range of loads and surface roughness of the specimens, and it is observed that the model predictions are within 50% of the experimental observations. The effect of current cycling through static electrical contact is presented. It is observed that, the voltage drop across the contact initially increases with current until a certain critical voltage is increased. Beyond this critical point any increase in the current causes essentially no increase in steady-state contact voltage. This critical voltage is referred to as "saturation voltage." The saturation voltage for Al 6061 interface is found to be in the range of 160 - 190 mV and that for Cu 110 interface is in the range of 100 - 130 mV. The effect of load and surface roughness on voltage saturation is also demonstrated experimentally. An explanation based on the softening of the interface, due to temperature rise, is proposed rather than more widely referred hypothesis of recrystallization. The phenomenon of voltage saturation is also demonstrated in sliding electrical contacts. The behavior of sliding interfaces of aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) and aluminum-aluminum (Al-Al) are analyzed under high current densities. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the influence of load, speed, current and surface roughness on coefficient of friction, contact voltage, contact resistance, interface temperature and wear rate. The experimental results reveal that thermal softening of the interface is the primary reason for accelerated wear under the test conditions. The results from the experiments presents an opportunity to form constitutive equations which could be used to predict the performance of the contact based on input parameters. The fusion of the findings of this dissertation provide methodologies along with experimental tools and findings to model, study and interpret the behavior of electrical contacts.

No description available.

Ένας από τους πιο σημαντικούς στόχους της φαρμακευτικής θεραπείας είναι η ανάπτυξη φορέων φαρμάκου που θα μεταφέρουν και θα παραδίδουν εκλεκτικά το φάρμακο στις θέσεις φαρμακολογικής δράσης του αλλά και με έναν ελεγχόμενο ρυθμό χορήγησης κατάλληλα προσαρμοσμένο για την κάθε ασθένεια. Για την ελεγχόμενη χορήγηση και στόχευση βιοδραστικών ουσιών έχουν αναπτυχθεί πολλοί φορείς, όπως πολυμερικά νανοσωματίδια και λιποσώματα. Μεταξύ των πολυμερών που έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί για την παρασκευή νανοσωματιδιακών φορέων φαρμάκων ιδιαίτερη προσοχή συγκεντρώνουν τα βιοδιασπώμενα και βιοσυμβατά πολυμερή του πολυ(γαλακτικού-γλυκολικού) οξέος (PLGA). Τα νανοσωματίδια που παρασκευάζονται από τα συμπολυμερή αυτά απομακρύνονται ταχύτατα από τη συστηματική κυκλοφορία μετά από ενδοφλέβια χορήγηση, κυρίως μέσω της πρόσληψης τους από το δικτυοενδοθηλιακό σύστημα. Όταν όμως επικαλυφθούν με υδρόφιλα, μη ιονικά πολυμερή, όπως η πολυ(αιθυλενογλυκόλη), έχουμε στερεοχημική σταθεροποίηση των νανοσωματιδίων και παράταση του χρόνου παραμονής τους στην συστηματική κυκλοφορία. Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της διαλυτότητας του φαρμάκου στην φόρτωση και αποδέσμευση του από PLGAmPEG νανοσωματίδια διαφορετικής πολυμερικής σύστασης (αναλογία PLGA/PEG). Ως πρότυπα φάρμακα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα μέλη της τάξης των μεθυλοξανθινών καφεΐνη, θεοφυλλίνη και θεοβρωμίνη. Οι μεθυλοξανθίνες αποτελούν ικανοποιητικά πρότυπα ώστε να μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν στην μελέτη της επίδρασης της διαλυτότητας στις ιδιότητες φόρτωσης και απελευθέρωσης φαρμάκων από τα PLGAmPEG νανοσωματίδια, καθώς είναι μικρά μόρια με παραπλήσιο μοριακό βάρος και χημικές ιδιότητες ενώ η διαλυτότητα τους στο νερό είναι σημαντικά διαφορετική: καφεΐνη (1g/46 ml), θεοφυλλίνη (1 g/120 ml) και θεοβρωμίνη (1 g/2000 ml). Παρασκευάστηκαν έτσι τρεις διαφορετικές συνθέσεις νανοσωματιδίων με την μέθοδο του διπλού γαλακτώματος και χαρακτηρίστηκαν ως προς το μέγεθος και το ζ δυναμικό. Στην συνέχεια μελετήθηκαν οι ιδιότητες φόρτωσης των μεθυλοξανθινών καθώς και οι ιδιότητες απελευθέρωσής τους από τα νανοσωματίδια μέσα σε φυσιολογικό ορό ρυθμισμένο με φωσφορικά (PBS) και ανθρώπινο πλάσμα in vitro. Το μέσο μέγεθος των νανοσωματιδίων κυμαίνονταν από 130 έως 200 nm και το ζ δυναμικό από -7 έως -20 mV. Τα χαρακτηριστικά αυτά καθιστούν τα νανοσωματίδια κατάλληλα για εφαρμογές ελεγχόμενης αποδέσμευσης. Η φόρτωση και η ενκαψακίωση των PLGAmPEG νανοσωματιδίων βρέθηκε να εξαρτάται από την σχετική διαλυτότητα του φαρμάκου στην εξωτερική υδατική φάση και στην οργανική φάση που χρησιμοποιούνται κατά την παρασκευή των νανοσωματιδίων και όχι απλά από την υδατοδιαλυτότητά τους. Έτσι η φόρτωση των νανοσωματιδίων ήταν μεγαλύτερη στην περίπτωση της καφεΐνης απ’ ότι στην θεοβρωμίνη, και αυτής από την φόρτωση στην περίπτωση της θεοφυλλίνης. Η φόρτωση και η ενκαψακίωση των μεθυλοξανθινών σε PLGAmPEG νανοσωματίδια επηρεάζεται από την αρχική φόρτωση των νανοσωματιδίων σε φάρμακο (drug input). Για όλα τα φάρμακα που δοκιμάστηκαν, αύξηση της αρχικής ποσότητας του φαρμάκου είχε σαν αποτέλεσμα την αύξηση της φόρτωσης των νανοσωματιδίων με φάρμακο. Αντίθετα η επίδραση της αρχικής φόρτωσης στην ενκαψακίωση βρέθηκε να εξαρτάται από την υδατοδιαλυτότητα του φαρμάκου. Έτσι η αύξηση της αρχικής φόρτωσης είχε σαν αποτέλεσμα την ελάττωση της ενκαψακίωσης στην περίπτωση της καφεΐνης, δεν είχε κανένα αποτέλεσμα στην ενκαψακίωση της θεοφυλλίνης ενώ οδήγησε σε μικρή αύξηση της ενκαψακίωσης της θεοβρωμίνης. Η φόρτωση και η ενκαψακίωση των φαρμάκων που δοκιμάστηκαν δεν επηρεάστηκε σημαντικά από τη σύνθεση του PLGAmPEG συμπολυμερούς από το οποίο παρασκευάστηκαν τα νανοσωματίδια. Ανεξάρτητα από την πολυμερική σύνθεση των νανοσωματιδίων, ο ρυθμός απελευθέρωσης των εγκλωβισμένων στα νανοσωματίδια μεθυλοξανθινών ήταν, τόσο στο PBS όσο και στο ανθρώπινο πλάσμα in vitro, ανάλογος της υδατοδιαλυτότητας του φαρμάκου. Έτσι ο ρυθμός αποδέσμευσης ήταν μεγαλύτερος στην περίπτωση της καφεΐνης απ’ ότι στην θεοφυλλίνη, και αυτής από την θεοβρωμίνη. Με όλες τις πολυμερικές συνθέσεις που δοκιμάστηκαν, ο εγκλωβισμός των μεθυλοξανθινών στα νανοσωματίδια είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την ελάττωση του ρυθμού αποδέσμευσης των φαρμάκων in vitro, τόσο σε PBS όσο και σε ανθρώπινο πλάσμα. Η ελάττωση του ρυθμού αποδέσμευσης αυξάνονταν με ελάττωση της υδατοδιαλυτότητας του φαρμάκου. Ο ρυθμός απελευθέρωσης και των τριών μεθυλοξανθινών ήταν μεγαλύτερος στο PBS σε σύγκριση με το ανθρώπινο πλάσμα. Η απόδειξη της ελεγχόμενης αποδέσμευσης των φαρμάκων από τα νανοσωματίδια στο ανθρώπινο πλάσμα είναι σημαντική καθώς καταδεικνύει την καταλληλότητα των PLGAmPEG σωματιδίων για εφαρμογές ελεγχόμενης χορήγησης φαρμάκων. Πάντως η χρησιμότητα των PLGAmPEG νανοσωματιδίων σε ελεγχόμενη χορήγηση φαρμάκων φαίνεται να περιορίζεται στις περιπτώσεις των φαρμάκων με μικρή σχετικά υδατοδιαλυτότητα. / The rapid removal of conventional polymeric nanoparticles from the bloodstream limits their potentional in controlled drug delivery and targeting. Surface engineering, however, may lead to nanoparticles capable of evading their uptake from the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), which exhibit prolonged residence in blood. Thus, coating the nanoparticle surface with a hydrophilic polymer such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been shown to confer long circulation properties to PLGA (poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles. Although the basic physicochemical and biological properties of these nanoparticles have been studied, there is currently a luck of studies dealing in a systematic way with their drug incorporation and release properties. In this work the effect of three different PLGAmPEG copolymer composition on drug loading and release properties, was studied using the members of the methyl-xanthine class of drugs, i.e. caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, as model drugs. This way, the effect of drug solubility on drug loading and release from the nanoparticles can be evaluated in a more scientifically sound way than applying more common practices, such as the study of a drug and its salt. PLGAmPEG copolymers were synthesized from dl-lactide (LE), glycolide (GE) and mPEG(5000) by a melt polymerization process. The synthesized copolymers were identified by the moral ratio of (LE +GE)/mPEG determined by 1H-NMR. PLGAmPEG nanoparticles loaded with caffeine, theophylline and theobromine were prepared by a double emulsion (w1/o/w2) method, where w1: aqueous solution of drug, o: a dichloromethane (dcm) solution of the polymer and w2: an aqueous solution of sodium cholate (12mM). The size and æ potential of the nanoparticles, were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and microelectrophoresis respectively. The size of the nanoparticles ranged approximately from 130 to 200nm depending on the type of PLGAmPEG copolymer used and the formulation. All nanoparticle formulations exhibited low negative æ potential in the range -7 to -20. Drug loading was determined using direct method in which the samples were dissolved in NaOH and the drug in the solution was assayed by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography method (HPLC). The release experiments were performed in phosphate buffered saline and in human plasma in vitro. The nanoparticles were enclosed in a dialysis bag and incubated in PBS (pH=7.4, 37oC) and in human plasma under mild agitation. At predetermined time intervals, samples were withdrawn and assayed for the drug by HPLC. The drug loading and encapsulation values increased and decreased respectively when the drug/polymer ratio increased, by increasing drug input (initially present drug) while keeping polymer input constant. Due to the relatively high aqueous solubility of the three methylxanthines low nanoparticle loadings were generally obtained. Caffeine, despite its higher aqueous solubility, exhibited a little higher encapsulation and loading than theophylline and theobromine. This may be attributed to the much higher partition coefficient K (dcm/water) of caffeine compared to theophylline and theobromine, which would decrease to a higher extend in the case of caffeine the tendency of the drug to pass from the dcm droplets, formed during the second emulsification step of nanoparticle preparation, to the surrounding aqueous phase. As a result, higher drug retention in the nanoparticles was observed in the case of caffeine. Drug release from the nanoparticles was sustained and depended on the aqueous solubility of the drugs. For instance, the more water-soluble caffeine was released relatively faster than the less water-soluble theophylline and the even less water-soluble theobromine, from all PLGAmPEG compositions both in PBS and in human plasma. Drug release from the nanoparticles did not appear to depend on the composition of the PLGAmPEG copolymer used to prepare the nanopaparticles. Drug release rate in plasma was lower than that in PBS, probably due to the binding of the drug molecules to plasma proteins. Drug encapsulation of methylxanthines in the PLGAmPEG nanoparticles depended on the solubility properties of the drugs. The organic/aqueous phase partition coefficient of the drug may be crucial with regard to the incorporation efficiency of the drug in these nanoparticles. Drug release from the nanoparticles was sustained in both PBS and human plasma, but only for the relatively hydrophobic theobromine in a satisfactory extent. The rate of drug release was affected by the aqueous solubility of the drug and the release medium. It appears that PLGAmPEG nanoparticles can be applied for controlled drug delivery applications only in the case of relatively water-insoluble drugs.

Dans certains contextes, les méthodes classiques utilisées pour le calcul de champs rayonnés ou diffractés en présence d'obstacles de grande taille par rapport à la longueur d'onde, comme l'Optique Physique ou les méthodes de rayons, ne sont pas valides ou deviennent très lourdes en temps de calcul. La théorie des frames de Gabor fournit un cadre rigoureux permettant de décomposer une distribution de sources électromagnétiques, définie dans une ouverture équivalente plane, en une somme plus ou moins redondante de fenêtres gaussiennes. Cette décomposition peut servir de base à des algorithme de lancer de faisceaux gaussiens.Jusqu'à présent cette théorie était limitée à des décompositions dans un plan (rayonnement dans un demi-espace). L'objet de cette thèse est d'utiliser cette théorie pour décomposer des champs rayonnés ou diffractés dans toutes les directions de l'espace. Ce travail de thèse commence par une étude approfondie de l'influence des paramètres utilisés pour le calcul des coefficients de frame. La mise en oeuvre numérique permet de tester l'efficacité de techniques de troncation et de compression en termes de compromis précision/temps de calcul. Le coeur de la thèse consiste en une méthode originale de partitionnement spectral, utilisant des fonctions de partition de l'unité, qui permet d'utiliser le lancer de faisceaux gaussiens à partir de frames définis dans six plans, pour un rayonnement dans tout l'espace tridimensionnel. La formulation de la méthode est présentée. Elle est appliquée à la décomposition en faisceaux gaussiens du champ rayonné par des antennes théoriques omnidirectionnelles (réseau de dipôles et dipôle demi-onde). Une antenne réaliste sert enfin de cas test pour la mise en œuvre de la décomposition à partir de données expérimentales discrètes

Recent advances in telecommunications, collaborated with the development of image and video processing and acquisition devices has lead to a spectacular growth of the amount of the visual content data stored, transmitted and exchanged over Internet. Within this context, elaborating efficient tools to access, browse and retrieve video content has become a crucial challenge. In Chapter 2 we introduce and validate a novel shot boundary detection algorithm able to identify abrupt and gradual transitions. The technique is based on an enhanced graph partition model, combined with a multi-resolution analysis and a non-linear filtering operation. The global computational complexity is reduced by implementing a two-pass approach strategy. In Chapter 3 the video abstraction problem is considered. In our case, we have developed a keyframe representation system that extracts a variable number of images from each detected shot, depending on the visual content variation. The Chapter 4 deals with the issue of high level semantic segmentation into scenes. Here, a novel scene/DVD chapter detection method is introduced and validated. Spatio-temporal coherent shots are clustered into the same scene based on a set of temporal constraints, adaptive thresholds and neutralized shots. Chapter 5 considers the issue of object detection and segmentation. Here we introduce a novel spatio-temporal visual saliency system based on: region contrast, interest points correspondence, geometric transforms, motion classes' estimation and regions temporal consistency. The proposed technique is extended on 3D videos by representing the stereoscopic perception as a 2D video and its associated depth

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Drei Verteilungskoeffizienten, die für physiologie-basierte Pharmakokinetik (PBPK)-Modelle relevant sind, wurden mit verschiedenen Ansätzen modelliert. Für den Blut/Luft-Verteilungskoeffizienten wurde ein auf linearen Solvatations-Energie-Beziehungen (LSER) beruhendes Literaturmodell angewendet und diskutiert. Mit einer schematischen Aufteilung des Blutkompartiments in Wasser und einen organischen Teil wurde der Blut/Luft-Verteilungskoeffizient mit einer linearen Regression von anderen Verteilungskoeffizienten vorhergesagt. Zusätzlich wurde ein Fragmentmodell entwickelt. Der Fett/Luft-Verteilungskoeffizient wurde mit dem LSER-Ansatz und mit anderen Verteilungskoeffizienten modelliert. Der Koeffizient Fett/Blut wurde aus den ersten beiden errechnet. Da der inverse dimensionslose Henry-Koeffizient Wasser/Luft-Verteilungskoeffizient bei der Blut/Luft-Modellierung zum Einsatz kommt und dieser aus dem Dampfdruck und der Wasserlöslichkeit gewonnen werden kann, wurde der Dampfdruck ebenfalls modelliert.

The research work presented in this thesis concern to the stability analysis of linear time-delay systems with low-order controllers. This thesis is divided into three parts.The first part of the thesis focus on the study of linear SISO (single-input/single-output) systems with input/output delays, where the feedback loop is closed with a controller of PID-type. Inspired by the geometrical approach developed by Gu et al. we propose an analytical method to find the stability regions of all stabilizing controllers of PID-type for the time-delay system. Based on this same approach, we propose an algorithm to calculate the degree of fragility of a given controller of PID- type (PI, PD and PID).The second part of the thesis focuses on the stability analysis of linear systems under an NCS (Networked System Control) based approach. More precisely, we first focus in the stabilization problem by taking into account the induced network delays and the effects induced by the sampling period. To carry out such an analysis we have adopted an eigenvalue perturbation-based approach.Finally, in the third part of the thesis we tackle certain problems concerning to the behavior of the zeros of a certain class of sampled-data SISO systems. More precisely, given a continuous-time system, we obtain the sampling intervals guaranteeing the invariance of the number of unstable zeros in each interval. To perform such an analysis, we adopt an eigenvalue perturbation-based approach.