Bakgrund: Omvårdnad är sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde och ges till individer under hela livet. Det omvårdnadsbehov som en individ har ska tillgodoses oavsett om de är av fysisk, psykisk, social, kulturell eller andlig karaktär. Våld i nära relationer drabbar en tredjedel av världens kvinnor och sjuksköterskan har en betydande roll i deras omhändertagande. Syfte: Att belysa resurser och utmaningar inom omvårdnad av kvinnor utsatta för våld i en nära relation. Metod: Litteraturstudie med tio vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderade. Dataanalysen utfördes genom att identifiera likheter och skillnader i artiklarnas resultat. Resultat: Arbetsmiljö och utbildning återfanns som viktiga strukturella aspekter inom omvårdnaden av utsatta kvinnor och kunde ses som både resurser och utmaningar i omvårdnadsarbetet. Vidare inom de personliga aspekterna kunde majoriteten av subkategorierna även här ses som både resurser och utmaningar. En essentiell resurs inom omvårdnaden av utsatta kvinnor som framkom var skapandet av en trygg och bekväm atmosfär. Som utmaning återfanns känslomässiga reaktioner vilka ibland ledde till ett avståndstagande gentemot kvinnorna. Utbildning och kunskap inom området beskrevs därför som nyckelfaktorer på ett strukturellt respektive personligt plan för att god omvårdnad skulle kunna ges. Slutsats: Majoriteten av kategorierna återfanns som både resurser och utmaningar. Det är troligt att en variation finns mellan olika kontexter i omvårdnaden av utsatta kvinnor varför det är viktigt att inom en specifik kontext ta reda på vilka de aktuella resurserna och utmaningarna är. Klinisk betydelse: Litteraturstudien bidrar med en överblick rörande befintliga resurser och utmaningar som finns globalt inomomvårdnaden av kvinnor utsatta för våld i en nära relation.De resurser som framkommit kan sjuksköterskan lyfta fram för att styrka omvårdnadsarbetet medan utmaningarna visar vilka områden som det finns ett behov att arbeta omkring. / Background: Nursing care is the main responsibility in the nursing profession and is given to individuals during the lifespan. An individual's needs in regards to nursing care should be dealt with regardless of them consisting of physical, psychological, social, cultural or spiritual aspects. About one third of women around the world are subjected to intimate partner violence. Nurses have a significant role in caring for these women. Aim: To illuminate resources and challenges in nursing care of women subjected to intimate partner violence. Method: Literature study consisting of ten scientific articles. A data analysis was made in regards of similarities and differences in the results of the articles. Results: Work environment and education were found as structural aspects of importance and could be seen as both resources and challenges in the nursing care of women subjected to intimate partner violence. Considering the personal aspects most of the subcategories could also be seen as both resources and challenges. In nursing care the creation of a safe and comfortable environment was discovered as an essential resource. Emotional reactions were seen as challenges which could lead to avoidance towards the women. Education and knowledge in the field were described as key factors within the structural and personal aspects respectively. Conclusion: The majority of the categories were found as both resources and challenges. A variation may therefore be seen across different contexts in relation to what is seen as a resource and a challenge. Thus it is important to find out which are the resources and challenges in a specific context .Clinical significance:The literature study contribute with an overview considering the existing global resources and challenges in nursing care of women exposed to intimate partner violence. The resources found can be highlighted in the nursing care while the challenges need further development

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a leading cause of death and injury for women in the United States. Although African American women are one of the groups most likely to be killed by an intimate partner, there has been little research to identify factors associated with risk among this group. To address this gap in the literature, the current study investigated ecological risk factors associated with physical and psychological IPV. Next, Africultural coping was explored as a moderator hypothesized to decrease the association between childhood maltreatment (CM) one of the strongest predictors of IPV, and IPV outcomes. It was hypothesized that Africultural coping would moderate the association between the level of retrospectively reported CM and recent reports of psychological IPV victimization, such that there would be a weaker relationship between CM and IPV for women who reported higher levels of Africultural coping. Results of multiple linear regressions indicated that higher levels of CM predicted both psychological and physical IPV, while controlling for the participants’ age. Hypothesized moderators were limited in their association with IPV. Implications for research, policy, practice, and wellness promotion for African American women are discussed.

I Sverige har forskningen kring mäns partnervåld mot kvinnor främst utgått från kvinnans roll som våldsutsatt istället för mäns roll som våldsutövande. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur den svenska facklitteraturen diskuterar mäns partnervåld mot kvinnor. Vår frågeställning har varit följande: Vilka generella konstruktioner av mäns partnervåld mot kvinnor framkommer i facklitteraturen med beaktande av temana makt och kontroll, kvinnans självbild, omgivningens attityder och normer samt orsaksförklaringar till partnervåldet? Arbetet utgörs av en kunskapsöversikt över sju stycken primärdokument som har analyserats med hjälp av socialkonstruktionistisk teoribildning. Resultaten visar att det finns en risk med att majoriteten av författarna i våra primärdokument diskuterar kvinnor som en särskilt utsatt grupp för mäns våld.  Författarna konstruerar en bild av kvinnan som offer för mannens partnervåld och mannen som förövaren. Genom dessa beskrivningar vidmakthåller författarna en offerbild av kvinnan som riskerar att förstärka hennes redan underordnade och sårbara position. / In Sweden, research on male partner violence against women has primarily been focused on the battered women rather then the abusive men. The aim of this work is to investigate how the Swedish literature discusses men's partner violence against women. Our research question has been: What general constructions of male partner violence against women is evident in the literature with regard to the themes of power and control, a woman's self-image, the surrounding attitudes and norms and causal explanations for partner violence? The work consists of a review of seven primary documents that have been analysed with the help of social constructionist theory. The results show that there is a risk that the majority of the authors in our primary documents discuss women as a particularly vulnerable group of male violence. The authors construct an image of women as victims of male partner violence and the man as the abuser. Through these descriptions, the authors perpetuate a victim image of the woman who is likely to strengthen her already inferior and vulnerable position.

The study was conducted in northern Ghana to determine the scope of male partner violence (MPV) against women, identify the factors associated with this problem as well as point out the health implications of MPV. In a sample of 443 married women drawn from outpatient populations across six district health centers we found that nearly 7 out of 10 women have experienced some MPV: 62% have experienced psychological violence; 29% have experienced physical violence; and 34% have experienced sexual violence. A multiple regression analysis showed that male controlling behavior, number of children, presence of concubines, partner appreciation, and very good health significantly predicted Total Violence. The results showed that the more controlling a husband is the more likely his wife is to experience severe violence and that more children in the marriage is associated with more violence for the women. Marriage duration was significantly positively correlated with violence, indicating that the longer the time since a woman got married, the more likely she experiences violence. Husband’s education was significantly negatively correlated with violence, indicating that husband education has a decreased effect on violence. Logistic regression and ANOVA models identified a number of socio-demographic factors as significant correlates of MPV. These include couple’s unemployment, particularly husband unemployment, being young – under 30 years and being younger than the husband, presence of concubines, being Muslim or Traditional, living in a rural setting, husband alcohol use, being a healthy woman, and not being appreciated by the husband. We found that MPV is associated with physical and mental health difficulties among women. Some 47 women reported having sustained multiple injuries, including sprains, broken bones and teeth, cuts, and burns. Mental health difficulties among these women included partner phobia, sleep deprivation, and thoughts of suicide. We make recommendations that call on government and other stakeholders to initiate policy that provides services to women experiencing MPV and that implements education and campaign programs to eventually eliminate MPV in Ghana generally.

Domestic violence remains a serious social issue. In North America, millions of women are victimized each year, and many of these women are victims of violence at the hand of their intimate partners. A small but growing body of research on domestic violence has shown that companion animals are among the victims of such violence. Abuse of or threats to the pets are used to control, manipulate and emotionally abuse the female partner. However, the majority of this research has focused on the perspective of the abused female partner; the male perspective is missing. Through semi-structured interviews with ten incarcerated men who have committed intimate partner violence (IPV), this thesis explores the abuser’s motivations for abuse of the pet as well as their perspective of pets in the context of a violent relationship. The findings indicate that, contrary to previous research, most men do not abuse pets in the relationship, and in fact have positive relationships with their pets. Just as pets are sources of comfort for women in abusive relationships, pets can be sources of comfort and support for the abusive men as well. When incorporated into violence intervention and treatment programs, relationships with pets can provide a venue for men construct a masculine identity in a positive way, and the treatment of animals can illustrate how violence is not an effective solution.

Bakgrund: Det är ungefär 10 % av barnen som bor i Sverige som bevittnar våld mot mamman i hemmet. Våldet försiggår i olika familjesammansättningar, inom olika socioekonomiska samt psykosociala typer av familjer. Att bevittna våld kan leda till att barnen får svårt att klara sin skolgång och kan även ge både psykiska och fysiska symtom. Skolsköterskan är en person som alla barn på en skola träffar någon gång under sina skolår och har därför en viktig stödjande roll.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva skolsköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med barn som bevittnar våld mot mamman i hemmet.Metod: I denna studie användes en induktiv ansats där datamaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Datamaterialet bygger på intervjuer som genomfördes med sex skolsköterskor.Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet framträdde två kategorier: identifiera utsatt barn samt tar emot och bekräftar barnets berättelse.Konklusion: Skolsköterskorna försöker skapa en relation mellan sig själv och barnet så att barnet skall uppleva att de har en personlig relation till skolsköterskan och på så sätt ha lättare för att söka stöd hos denne och berätta om sina erfarenheter. / Background: Approximately 10% of the children residing in Sweden witness violence against their mothers. The violence exists in different types of families – both different socioeconomic and psychosocial types. To witness violence can cause a child to struggle with schooling, but also give both psychological and physical symptoms. The school nurse is a person that meets with all the children of a school at least a few times during their school years and as such has an important supporting role.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe school nurses’ experiences of working with children who witness violence against their mother at home.Method: The method used was an inductive approach where data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. The data was collected through interviews with six school nurses.Results: Two categories emerged from the analysis; to identify exposed children and to receive and confirm the child's story, with their seven subcategories. Conclusion: The school nurses are trying to create a relationship between themselves and the child so the child feel a personal relationship with the school nurse and therefore seek support from her/him and share own experiences.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Sociology, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--Brandeis University, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

According to the World Health Organization, one in three women worldwide have experienced physical and/or sexual violence perpetrated by a partner. Through a number of biological pathways, intimate partner violence (IPV) has a direct effect on women’s health, particularly their sexual health. IPV has been found in numerous bodies of research to disproportionately affect immigrant communities. This literature review examined the prevalence and epidemiological significance of IPV among the Latina and Asian immigrant communities in the United States and the effects on these populations’ sexual health outcomes. My findings demonstrate the burden of this issue is exacerbated by manifestations of structural violence and anti-immigrant sentiments in American society. I found the majority of clinical literature did not factor in structural and systematic disparities such as linguistic barriers, inaccessibility of the health and legal systems, precariousness of citizenship, and shortcomings of public education as contributors to adverse sexual health outcomes. The contexts and circumstances of immigrant women also tend to be homogenized in the public discourse on IPV with little attention paid to the specific socio-cultural elements that shape survivors’ experiences. Lastly, the language employed in the discussion of partner violence is highly hetero-normative and cis-gendered. Partner violence must be treated as the serious public health crisis it is. Strategies to address this issue must be implemented in a timely, culturally, and contextually appropriate manner across all settings guided by an intersectional lens.

Risk for experiencing partner abuse (PA) is high during young adulthood. National estimates of the prevalence of PA among young adults and scholarly literature on the enduring impact of PA highlight the importance of understanding this public health issue. Extant literature has primarily focused on individual risk factors for PA, with much less known about couple relationship dynamics, or the specific typologies of violence these characteristics are associated with. This study used data collected nationally from 3,555 young adult college students living in the U.S. to examine experiences of PA. The purpose of this dissertation study was to (a) provide descriptive information about young adult college students’ experiences of couple relationship dynamics and PA and (b) examine how college students’ individual characteristics, relationship characteristics, and perceived couple relationship dynamics were associated with typologies and forms of PA for males and females. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate analyses, and multinomial logistic regressions. Study findings revealed that (a) the individual and relationship characteristics as well as violence experiences of young adults comprising this sample are representative of the characteristics and violence experiences of those identified with other samples of young adult college students living in the US; (b) perceived couple relationship dynamics were differentially related to the main effects of gender, age, year in school, relationship type, relationship duration, and cohabitation status; (c) when controlling for gender, age, and year in school perceived couple relationship dynamic scores varied by the interaction of severity of psychological aggression experienced and perpetrated; (d) perceived couple relationship dynamic scores were differentially related to severity of physical and sexual violence experienced; (e) there are unique characteristics associated with experiences of perpetration-only, victimization-only, and bidirectional violence; (f) there are a number of individual and relationship characteristics and perceived couple relationship dynamic scores that increase the odds of engaging in bidirectional violence for male and female young adult college students in the present study; (g) there are few variables in this model that increase the odds of females being perpetrators-only; and (h) there are few variables in this model that increase odds of males being victims-only. / 10000-01-01