The basic problem of speech is a complete separation of the natural noise which arise from correct articulation of voiced and unvoiced consonants from noise and disturbance environment. Objective of this master’s thesis is to find an effective method that could identify the pauses without speech activity, which can identify the properties of noise and disturbance. Once the noise is correctly identified, it is already possible to use different methods for its removal. The master’s thesis describes two methods of pauses identification. These methods are programmed in Matlab and tested on nine speech recordings. Methods analysis of the results was performed using the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curves. In the end are summarized results analysis of created methods.

S'il est indéniable que de nos jours la traduction automatique (TA) facilite la communication entre langues, et plus encore depuis les récents progrès des systèmes de TA statistiques, ses résultats sont encore loin du niveau de qualité des traductions obtenues avec des traducteurs humains.Ce constat résulte en partie du mode de fonctionnement d'un système de TA statistique, très contraint sur la nature des modèles qu'il peut utiliser pour construire et évaluer de nombreuses hypothèses de traduction partielles avant de parvenir à une hypothèse de traduction complète. Il existe cependant des types de modèles, que nous qualifions de « complexes », qui sont appris à partir d'informations riches. Si un enjeu pour les développeurs de systèmes de TA consiste à les intégrer lors de la construction initiale des hypothèses de traduction, cela n'est pas toujours possible, car elles peuvent notamment nécessiter des hypothèses complètes ou impliquer un coût de calcul très important. En conséquence, de tels modèles complexes sont typiquement uniquement utilisés en TA pour effectuer le reclassement de listes de meilleures hypothèses complètes. Bien que ceci permette dans les faits de tirer profit d'une meilleure modélisation de certains aspects des traductions, cette approche reste par nature limitée : en effet, les listes d'hypothèses reclassées ne représentent qu'une infime partie de l'espace de recherche du décodeur, contiennent des hypothèses peu diversifiées, et ont été obtenues à l'aide de modèles dont la nature peut être très différente des modèles complexes utilisés en reclassement.Nous formulons donc l'hypothèse que de telles listes d'hypothèses de traduction sont mal adaptées afin de faire s'exprimer au mieux les modèles complexes utilisés. Les travaux que nous présentons dans cette thèse ont pour objectif de permettre une meilleure exploitation d'informations riches pour l'amélioration des traductions obtenues à l'aide de systèmes de TA statistique.Notre première contribution s'articule autour d'un système de réécriture guidé par des informations riches. Des réécritures successives, appliquées aux meilleures hypothèses de traduction obtenues avec un système de reclassement ayant accès aux mêmes informations riches, permettent à notre système d'améliorer la qualité de la traduction.L'originalité de notre seconde contribution consiste à faire une construction de listes d'hypothèses par passes multiples qui exploitent des informations dérivées de l'évaluation des hypothèses de traduction produites antérieurement à l'aide de notre ensemble d'informations riches. Notre système produit ainsi des listes d'hypothèses plus diversifiées et de meilleure qualité, qui s'avèrent donc plus intéressantes pour un reclassement fondé sur des informations riches. De surcroît, notre système de réécriture précédent permet d'améliorer les hypothèses produites par cette deuxième approche à passes multiples.Notre troisième contribution repose sur la simulation d'un type d'information idéalisé parfait qui permet de déterminer quelles parties d'une hypothèse de traduction sont correctes. Cette idéalisation nous permet d'apporter une indication de la meilleure performance atteignable avec les approches introduites précédemment si les informations riches disponibles décrivaient parfaitement ce qui constitue une bonne traduction. Cette approche est en outre présentée sous la forme d'une traduction interactive, baptisée « pré-post-édition », qui serait réduite à sa forme la plus simple : un système de TA statistique produit sa meilleure hypothèse de traduction, puis un humain apporte la connaissance des parties qui sont correctes, et cette information est exploitée au cours d'une nouvelle recherche pour identifier une meilleure traduction. / Although communication between languages has without question been made easier thanks to Machine Translation (MT), especially given the recent advances in statistical MT systems, the quality of the translations produced by MT systems is still well below the translation quality that can be obtained through human translation. This gap is partly due to the way in which statistical MT systems operate; the types of models that can be used are limited because of the need to construct and evaluate a great number of partial hypotheses to produce a complete translation hypothesis. While more “complex” models learnt from richer information do exist, in practice, their integration into the system is not always possible, would necessitate a complete hypothesis to be computed or would be too computationally expensive. Such features are therefore typically used in a reranking step applied to the list of the best complete hypotheses produced by the MT system.Using these features in a reranking framework does often provide a better modelization of certain aspects of the translation. However, this approach is inherently limited: reranked hypothesis lists represent only a small portion of the decoder's search space, tend to contain hypotheses that vary little between each other and which were obtained with features that may be very different from the complex features to be used during reranking.In this work, we put forward the hypothesis that such translation hypothesis lists are poorly adapted for exploiting the full potential of complex features. The aim of this thesis is to establish new and better methods of exploiting such features to improve translations produced by statistical MT systems.Our first contribution is a rewriting system guided by complex features. Sequences of rewriting operations, applied to hypotheses obtained by a reranking framework that uses the same features, allow us to obtain a substantial improvement in translation quality.The originality of our second contribution lies in the construction of hypothesis lists with a multi-pass decoding that exploits information derived from the evaluation of previously translated hypotheses, using a set of complex features. Our system is therefore capable of producing more diverse hypothesis lists, which are globally of a better quality and which are better adapted to a reranking step with complex features. What is more, our forementioned rewriting system enables us to further improve the hypotheses produced with our multi-pass decoding approach.Our third contribution is based on the simulation of an ideal information type, designed to perfectly identify the correct fragments of a translation hypothesis. This perfect information gives us an indication of the best attainable performance with the systems described in our first two contributions, in the case where the complex features are able to modelize the translation perfectly. Through this approach, we also introduce a novel form of interactive translation, coined "pre-post-editing", under a very simplified form: a statistical MT system produces its best translation hypothesis, then a human indicates which fragments of the hypothesis are correct, and this new information is then used during a new decoding pass to find a new best translation.

In recent years, many PC and console video games have seen a shift towards live service models as a means of generating recurring revenue through in-game purchases called microtransactions. Microtransactions have been linked to the concept of dark patterns—design patterns that favour the service at the expense of the end user—due to their possible negative impact on the user experience. One widespread yet poorly studied microtransaction is the battle pass, particularly from a player perspective. In order to investigate playerattitudes to dark patterns found in battle passes, we conducted two studies, by looking at battle passes found in 19 games, and by carrying out a series of discussion workshops, to identify dark pattern commonalities in battle passes, and to find out how players perceive and experience dark patterns in battle passes, respectively. Data was analysed by means of reflexive thematic analysis in both studies. The results show that battle passes attempt to drive increased player engagement and spending in a number of ways, and further that players have complex—and often contradictory—relationships to battle passes.

Sports analytics is an area that is growing at a rapid rate. It can be described as the use of data and analytics to gain an advantage in sports. It can include scouting, recovery, tactics and so on. This thesis uses data about association football passes to analyse players passing attributes. The dataset that has been used is acquired from the company Football Analytics Sweden AB and is produced by a subcontractor. The dataset includes event data for all games played in the Swedish division 1 during the 2020 season. In total there are 48 different types of events, but only the category passes accurate are analysed. Accurate passes are represented by x and y coordinates for the start and end point of the pass. The thesis's intention is the study how passes can be categorized in order to differentiate different players passing attributes, and how to identify types of players in regard to passing from that categorization. The categorization has been made possible by dividing the football pitch into different zones. The zones have been chosen on sports science and football grounds. Every pass is assigned a category based on which zone the pass starts in and what zone the pass ends up in. The proportion of passes a player hits for every category is then calculated and is used to perform factor analysis. The factor analysis identifies 13 underlying factors that can describe players different passing attributes. These factors have been interpreted and given names. The factors describe both general attributes as well as more specific attributes. Factor scores are then used to compare and identify which or what type of passing player a particular player is. / Sports analytics är ett begrepp som används mer och mer. I allmänhet kan det beskrivas som användningen av data och dataanalys för att få en fördel inom sport. Det kan vara allt från scouting (rekrytering av spelare), återhämtning och taktik. Den här studien använder information om fotbollspassningar för att undersöka fotbollsspelares passningsegenskaper. Datamaterialet som använts är erhållet från företaget Football Analytics Sweden AB och är framtaget av en underleverantör. Datamaterialet innehåller händelsedata för alla matcher som spelades i division 1 under säsongen 2020. Totalt finns det 48 olika typer av händelser, men endast händelsen lyckade passningar tas i beaktande. Lyckade passningar representeras av x och y koordinater för start- och slutpunkten för passningen. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur passningar kan kategoriseras för att göra det möjligt att differentiera olika spelares passningsförmågor och hur man kan identifiera typ av passningsspelare utifrån kategoriseringen. Kategorisering av passningar utfördes med hjälp av en zonuppdelning av fotbollsplanen. Zonuppdelning är grundad på sportvetenskapliga och fotbollsmässiga grunder.  Varje passning tilldelas en kategori beroende på vilken zon passningen startar och slutar i. Andelen av passningar en spelare slår inom varje kategori beräknas, för att sedan användas i en faktoranalys. Faktoranalysen identifierar bakomliggande faktorer som påverkar en spelares andelar av passningar inom varje kategori. Totalt identifierades 13 bakomliggande faktorer och dessa kan beskriva en spelares passningsegenskaper. Dessa faktorer har verklighetstolkas och namngetts. Faktorerna beskriver både allmänna egenskaper och mer specifika egenskaper.  Faktorpoäng som beräknats från dem bakomliggande faktorerna används sedan för att jämföra och identifiera vilka eller vilken typ av passningsspelare en spelare är.

It is about a new building, Free times activits center 3710/3 in a catastral Pardubice 717657. The building has two floors, withount any cellar. The structure system of walls is bassed on the basse passes. Horizontal structures are made from prestessed panels. The roof is flat, only one – coated. Floors are hooked uz by concrete stairs and by lift.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the design of the construction of a multifunc-tional building of the municipal building in Předboj and the elaboration of the construction documentation. The proposed building is located near the existing village center. The building is designed on undeveloped land, which forms an im-aginary boundary between the existing buildings from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century and the new buildings from the beginning of the 21st century. The architectural character suitably combines the character of the original development with gabled roofs with modern elements characterizing the new development. The building is divided into two wings. The east wing is one-storey and houses the premises of the municipal office. The west wing is mul-ti-storey. In the basement there are the technical facilities of the municipal office, on the first floor there are the library and the ceremonial hall. The attic is intended for the detached workplace of the basic art school.

Ce mémoire propose une étude des pièces Les Muses orphelines et Le Chemin des passes-dangereuses de Michel Marc Bouchard sous l'angle de la pragmatique de la communication. L'analyse vise à démontrer que les personnages évoluent au sein de systèmes familiaux complexes dans lesquels l'incompréhension occupe une place prépondérante. Ils forment une microsociété particulière qui instaure ses propres règles communicationnelles : celles du pouvoir, du silence, du mépris. L'étude des interactions démontre que dans ces univers marginaux et dysfonctionnels, les personnages entretiennent entre eux et avec un être absent des relations pathologiques, haineuses, voire destructrices. La mise en scène de l'absent-présent (respectivement la mère et le père) est bien l'expression d'un dysfonctionnement familial profond. En tant que figure déterminante à l'évolution des systèmes familiaux, l'absent provoque et oriente les discours et les comportements des protagonistes. Le mémoire analyse les indices de la présence de l'absent et ses répercussions sur les dynamiques relationnelles. Seule voie de communication entre les interactants, l'absent-présent plane sur toutes les relations et il met en péril la survie des systèmes en cause. À travers les mensonges et les accusations, nous assistons véritablement à la crise de cette cellule universelle qu'est la famille, vue ici à travers le filtre de la société québécoise.

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The aim of this study was to find solutions to problems relating to the fact that many township learners are not optimally prepared for the Grade 12 final examination resulting in them having limited possibilities for further studies and after-school employment. The main research question focused on how Grade 12 learners can be assisted to perform optimally in the final examination. A qualitative research approach was adopted using focus group interviews. School management team members and Grade 12 educators and learners from one township secondary school were selected as participants. The main factors that assist Grade 12 learners to perform optimally in the Grade 12 final examination relate to well executed leadership functions, competent teaching, learner commitment, effective policy implementation and sound school, home and township conditions. A school intervention programme that included formal studying by camping on the school grounds improved Grade 12 performance significantly. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The scope of this diploma thesis is design and processing of the project documentation of the guesthouse along with coffee shop. The proposed object of this thesis is located in the village Čeladná next to the golf course Prosper Golf Resort Čeladná, in the location designated for mixed constructions. One of the double-storeyed, non-cellular object with roofed surface and steep roof. The object is based on the base stripes made of plain concrete and on the reinforced concrete flaps. Carrying, perihepral and dividing walls are designed on the Velox systém. The same systém was used to design roof constructions. In the rooms with excessive width are filled with reinforced concrete columns. Part of the guesthouse and second floor of the coffee shop is designed with ventilated facade with wood paneling ThermoWood. The object is divided in two parts with common entrance section. One part of the coffee shop has ability to handle capacity of 70 guests. Part of the double-storeyed coffee shop is hygienic facilities, kitchen, room for employees, warehouse and mechanical ventilation. Second part of the object is the guesthouse with flat of the manager of the guesthouse. The guesthouse consists of room with hygienic facilities for 18 people, including barrier-free room. The rooms are divided in the first floor on separate units, the rooms with hygienic facilities and the apartments in the second floor has two rooms, kitchen and hygienic facilities. For the next parts of the guesthouse is warehouse clean and dirty laundry and shared kitchen. The whole first floor is designed as barrier-free. In front of the object is the parking lot for 21 cars, which 3 of the parking places are for the cars of the disabled.