Title: Psychosocial aspects of intrapartum and postpartum care Author: Mgr. Lea Takács Department: Department of Psychology Supervisor: PhDr. Simona Hoskovcová, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. PhDr. Pavel Čepický, CSc. Abstract Background: Satisfaction with perinatal care is largely a result of psychosocial aspects of the care provided. However, despite a considerable body of research, the concept of satisfaction with perinatal care is not sufficiently defined and understood, being often confused with other concepts, particularly with that of satisfaction with childbirth experience. The lack of knowledge concerns especially the psychosocial dimensions and determinants of the care, most importantly for different groups of women, and the level of importance of psychosocial factors for satisfaction compared to biomedical variables. Objective: The aim of the present dissertation is to contribute to the theory of satisfaction by investigating the psychosocial and biomedical factors that affect satisfaction with perinatal care and satisfaction with childbirth experience in different groups of women depending on the mode of delivery (vaginal delivery, emergency caesarean section or elective caesarean section). Method: Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the key predictors of satisfaction. The data were...

Objetivo: Asociar la calidad de servicio brindada al paciente con la calidad de sueño de los estudiantes de pregrado de odontología en un centro de salud de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio fue observacional, analítico y transversal. Se evaluaron a 82 estudiantes y 244 pacientes de los mismos de un centro universitario de salud de Lima. Para la evaluación de la calidad de servicio se empleó el cuestionario SERVQUAL, el cual evalúa expectativas y percepciones. Asimismo, para la calidad de sueño se aplicó el Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh. Para la asociación de las variables cualitativas y el cálculo de las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas, se empleó la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Se trabajó con un nivel de significancia estadística de p<0.05 y un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se obtuvo que el 59.84% de los pacientes estuvieron satisfechos con la calidad de servicio brindada, y el 58.54% de los estudiantes tuvieron una moderada dificultad para dormir. Asimismo, no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ambas variables principales obteniéndose una RP 1.033, IC 95% 0.417 - 2.559. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio se encontró que, la calidad de servicio no se encuentra asociada con la calidad de sueño. Además, los valores en la percepción en todas las dimensiones de la calidad de servicio superaron a las expectativas. / Objectives: Making an association between the service quality provided to the patients and the odontology student’s sleep quality from a health center on a private university in Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods: This study was designed observational, analytical and transversally. 82 students and their 244 patients from a health university center in Lima, Peru were evaluated. To study the service quality, the SERVQUAL questionnaire was used, which evaluates expectations and perceptions. Likewise, for the sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was applied. For the variables association and for the calculations of the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, the Poisson regression with robust variance was used. The work was made with a statistical significance level of p<0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The obtained results indicate that 59.84% from the patients were satisfied and the 58.54% of the students had a moderate difficulty to sleep. Moreover, a significant statistical association wasn’t found between the service quality and sleep quality; getting a PR 1.033, CI95% 0.417-2.559. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the service quality is not related to the sleep quality. Additionally, the values and perceptions in all the service quality dimensions surpassed the expectative. / Tesis

Low back syndrome affects 20% of people, and it is estimated that 30% of patients are unable to return to work after surgery. The monitoring of health care outcomes could improve the delivery of health services. The health performance conceptual framework, derived from the Donabedian model, was used to evaluate the functional outcome, clinical recovery, response to surgery, and physician performance of the surgical management of lumbar spine degeneration. A quantitative study (n=685) was undertaken using an administrative database in a repeated-measures design. The clinical and functional outcome improvements were analyzed using t tests. Surgical complexity on health outcome was examined with ANOVA. Predictors of patient satisfaction was explored using Pearson's correlation and regression analyses. The results demonstrated highly significant improvements in functional (mean change 30%; ODI=16.79 -± SD 19.92) and clinical recovery (mean change 50%; modified-JOA=6.983 -± SD 2.613) with surgery at 3 months; a >50% positive response to surgery; and a > 90% patient satisfaction, sustained over a 2 year period. Complexity of surgery did not impact health performance. Strong correlations between the health performance metrics were detected up to 6-months from surgery. Poor clinical recovery and persistent functional disability were predictive of patient dissatisfaction. The social change implications for health policy are that a constellation of health performance metrics could predict the potential for functional and clinical recovery based on presurgery disability while avoiding medical expenditures for procedures with no health benefit; aid in health quality monitoring, peer comparisons, revision of practice guidelines, and cost benefit analysis by payers.

Many U.S. hospitals have historically failed to recognize nursing as essential to quality of care. Given the relationship between the patients' experiences, measured by the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS), and government reimbursement, stakeholders now value the role of nurses in the care experience. Some hospitals have pursued Magnet designation, which is a rigorous and costly process, in order to promote patient satisfaction through nurse autonomy and retention. The purpose of this study was to understand whether non-Magnet hospitals received similar HCAHPS scores. Expectancy disconfirmation theory provides a framework to understand the components of patient satisfaction within the context of organizational structures and norms addressed by the Bourdieu theory of cultural health capital. A quantitative study was conducted using secondary data from a stratified random sample of 317 non-Magnet hospitals and a purposive sample of 317 Magnet hospitals. Chi-square tests of independence were performed; Magnet designation was significantly related to nurse communication, pain management, timely responsiveness of care, explanation of medication, and willingness to recommend. Magnet designation consistently had a higher proportion of 3-star and 4-star ratings compared to the tendency of non-Magnet hospitals to be more normally distributed across all five ratings. Study results, combined with the climate of patient consumerism, provide the social impetus for healthcare improvement specialists to promote social change through Magnet-like culture and protocols using an evidence-based practice outcome approach to champion better care experiences through empowerment of both patients and nurses to match expected care with delivered care.

This study focuses on the association between patient characteristics, which include both demographic and contextual factors, and patients' experiences with health care. The pre-existing literature provides rich information about patients' various demographics related to patient experience. Despite the abundance of empirical evidence showing that patients' demographics do affect how they perceive their health care. However, there is little to no empirical knowledge explaining the significance of such factors. As the existing literature points out the need for taking into contextual factors such as patient's beliefs, attitudes, skills that are pertinent to dealing with health care, my study proposes patient activation as such a contextual factor that explains the association between patient demographics and patient experience. Findings suggest that patient activation is a strong predictor of two patient experience measures: patients' rating of doctor-patient communication and their self-reported difficulties in getting needed care. However, it is also observed that the mediating effects of patient activation vary by the two dimensions of patient experiences. Though this study demonstrates that promoting patient activation may be able to normalize how patients report the quality of doctor-patient interaction, further research is needed to address access to care issues.

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SAMMANFATTNING   Bakgrund: Trygghet kan beskrivas som en säkerhet som varje person kan lita på och som medför en skyddande känsla. Patientens upplevelse från ambulansen har en stor påverkan på välbefinnande och livskvalitet efter vårdtidens slut. Hur patienten känner är en av de största informationskällorna för att kunna avgöra hur upplevelsen har varit i ambulansen. Varje vårdsituation i den prehospitala vårdmiljön är unik, vårdmiljöns utformning har en direkt koppling till patientens hälsa.    Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patientens upplevelse av trygghet i prehospital miljö.   Metod: Den valda metoden var en allmän litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats där både kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning använts. En strukturerad sökning genomfördes i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. 15 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades efter att de analyserats och genomgått kvalitetsgranskning. Resultatet är främst baserat på kvalitativ forskning.     Resultat: Resultatet i studien syntetiserades till två huvudkategorier som beskrev patienters upplevelse av trygghet; mellanmänskliga faktorer och yttre faktorer. De mellanmänskliga faktorerna innefattar underkategorierna ambulanspersonalens yrkesskicklighet, deras förmåga till att ge information, skapa förtroende och bedriva en personcentrerad vård. De yttre faktorerna innefattar underkategorierna den prehospitala miljön i sig, patientens exponering av smärta och värme.   Slutsats: Litteraturstudiens resultat visade på patientens upplevelse av trygghet i prehospital miljö via huvudfynden mellanmänskliga faktorer och yttre faktorer. De mellanmänskliga faktorerna beskrivs i större omfattning med direkt påverkan på upplevelsen av trygghet genom ambulanspersonalens uppträdande. De yttre faktorerna beskrivs indirekt påverka upplevelsen av trygghet via frihet från lidande. Upplevelsen från ambulansen har påverkan på hur patienten upplever välbefinnande och livskvalitet efter vårdtidens slut. Hur patienten känner är en av de största informationskällorna för att kunna avgöra hur upplevelsen har varit i ambulansen. Hälso- och sjukvårdsbarometern ges ut årligen i Sverige för att inventera förtroendet för somatisk slutenvård, primärvård eller somatiska specialiserade mottagningar. Förtroende har i litteraturstudien identifierats som ett huvudfynd när det gäller upplevelse av trygghet. / Background: Safety can be described as a security that every person can rely on and that brings a protective feeling. The patient's experience from the ambulance has a major impact on well-being and quality of life after the end of the care period. How the patient feels are one of the biggest sources of information in order to determine how the experience has been in the ambulance. Every care situation in the prehospital care environment is unique, the design of the care environment has a direct link to the patient's health.   Purpose: The purpose was to describe the patient's experience of safety in the prehospital environment.   Method: The method chosen was a general literature review with inductive approach where both qualitative and quantitative research was used. A structured search was performed in the PubMed and Cinahl databases. 15 scientific articles were included after being analyzed and subjected to quality review. The result is mainly based on qualitative research.   Results: The results of the study were synthesized into two main categories that described the patient's experience of safety; interpersonal factors and external factors. The interpersonal factors include the subcategories of the ambulance staff's professional skills, their ability to provide information, create confidence and conduct a person-centered care. The external factors include the subcategories of the prehospital environment itself, the patient's exposure to pain and heat.   Conclusion: The results of the literature study showed the patient's experience of safety in the prehospital environment via the main findings of interpersonal factors and external factors. The interpersonal factors are described to a greater extent with direct impact on the experience of security through the behaviour of ambulance personnel. The external factors are described indirectly affecting the experience of safety through freedom from suffering. The experience from the ambulance has an impact on how the patient experiences well-being and quality of life after the end of care. How the patient feels are one of the biggest sources of information in order to determine how the experience has been in the ambulance. The health barometer is issued annually in Sweden to inventory confidence in somatic inpatient care, primary care or somatic specialized clinics. In the literature study, confidence has been identified as a key finding when it comes to experiencing safety.

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