This is a scoping review about honor-related violence based on nine articles published by researchers and one report from a Swedish authority, and the aim of this study was to examine how the subject was described in existing literature. We did a concept analysis of the reviewed literature and these concepts where analyzed in relation to symbolic interactionism and intersectional theories. Honor-related violence is a phenomenon that during the 21st century has been acknowledged globally and is known to especially affect women. The result of the scoping review showed that the factors that are most claimed to result in honor-related violence differ. From a cultural point of view advocates claim that the honor is collective and it is also the most significant in a person’s life, thus when someone in the collective acts against what is subscribed to subsidise honor the whole collective is affected and the one who stripped the collective of its honor needs to be punished. The universal, also known as structural, point of view claims that honor-related violence is part of patriarchal structures and thus can be positioned as part of gender-based violence against women, where the aim of the violence is to maintain male dominance. However, this point of view does not explain why also women can be perpetrators in the name of honor, and neither does it explain why men can become victim of honor-related violence and honor-killings. The violence that is exerted is above all consisting of mental abuse such as symbolic violence and threats of different degrees. Physical abuse also occurs and in the most extreme cases an honor-killing takes place. The result also showed gaps in existing knowledge where more research should be done regarding boys and young men as victims of honor-related violence and women as perpetrators of honor-related violence.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22131号 / 人博第914号 / 新制||人||218(附属図書館) / 2019||人博||914(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 眞理, 教授 桂山 康司, 准教授 池田 寛子, 教授 金子 幸男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

David Lurie, the main character in J.M. Coetzee’s novel Disgrace, is a white middle-aged man who lives in South Africa. He is a South African man but seems to think of himself as a European man and the story plays out in a post-colonial setting. In the story, sex and sexual violence are used by several characters as a means to communicate hierarchy and patriarchal power relations, intersected by race and sexuality. This essay explores how we can understand the plot and the role of sex in Disgrace, through Hélène Cixous’ theory of patriarchal binary thought. By using phallocentric oppositional word couples as examples, a close reading of the novel enables us to see how patriarchal binary thinking reveals the backbone of patriarchy in Disgrace.

Forskning inom ämnet kontrollerande beteende visade att män uppfattades mer kontrollerande än kvinnor, och att detta hade sin grund i flera historiska och sociala faktorer. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka könets betydelse för uppfattningen av kontrollerande beteende i nära relation. 126 personer (43 män och 83 kvinnor) i åldrarna 19–66, fick läsa en fiktiv vinjett inspirerad av Graham-Kevan och Archers CBR-S skala, med en manlig, kvinnlig eller ej könsbestämd kontrollerande person, för att sedan skatta sin uppfattning om personen och relationen. Resultatet visade att män uppfattades som mer kontrollerande och obehagliga än kvinnor när båda betedde sig på samma sätt. Det visade också att en kvinna som kontrollerar en relation uppfattades som mindre kontrollerande av män än av kvinnor. Slutsatsen var att manliga och kvinnliga normer även hade inverkan på uppfattningen av kontrollerande beteende. Bakgrunden till studien var att belysa ursprunget till ett av vår tids största samhällsproblem, våld mot kvinnor.

The aim of the given study is to investigate the impact of the legal as well as the sociocultural systems of Iran on the secondary victimization of rape victims in the country. As a theoretical background of the study, two feminist theories, Feminist criminology and Radical Feminist, will be used. By the help of these theories the influences of patriarchy on secondary victimization of rape victims in Iran will be explained. While case study is used to frame the design of the study, qualitative content analysis will also be used to collect the needed data through analyzing different sources and materials. The findings show that the lack of comprehensive laws regarding rape crime in Iran and the way service providers view and perceive rape victims have led to re-victimization of rape victims. Moreover, analyzing the sociocultural system of the country demonstrated that the prevalence of rape myths and gender inequality in the society have also contributed to re-victimization of such victims. The author believes that establishing new comprehensive laws regarding rape crime and changing the service providers and people’s attitudes regarding rape crime and rape victims through education are the most appropriate solutions for this problem.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate how individuals engaged in social work with socially vulnerable women in Bali perceive their room for action. Our participants' clients are widows, divorced women, unmarried women, or women with children born out of wedlock. In our thesis, we refer to these women as jandas. In an environment influenced by cultural and patriarchal norms, we explore in this essay how they perceive their professional roles in terms of roomfor action, challenges, motivational drivers, and approaches to promoting empowerment. Our aim is to enrich the understanding of the diverse spectrum within which our participants operate. This inquiry aims to uncover the motivating factors influencing our interview subjects, to discern the hurdles they encounter concerning agency in the context of Bali, and to illuminate their strategies for facilitating empowerment. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research has been conducted through semi-structured interviews involving six seasoned respondents with extensive experience in the field of social work in Bali. Drawing upon prior scholarship concerning Bali's cultural and historical milieu, coupled with theoretical frameworks of socio-legal paradigms and empowerment, we have meticulously analyzed the collected data. The findings from the study reveal that religious and spiritual awakenings significantly underpin the dedication of our participants. Furthermore, it emerges that informal norms rooted in religious customs and patriarchal traditions often wield more influence than formal legal statutes, thereby intricately complicating the landscape of social work. Additionally, the study underscores the prominence of varied approaches to empowerment, which our respondents identify as the most effective means of providing support in the Bali context.

This thesis examines representations of masculinity in the following Egyptian movies: El Badla (2018), Welad Rizk 2 (2019) and Taymour w Shafika (2007). Each movie is from a different genre to further explore how this may influence the constructed representation of masculinity. The genres are comedy, action and romance. Additionally, both El Badla and Welad Rizk 2 are among the top ten highest grossing movies in the history of Egyptian cinema. Whilst Taymour w Shafika is considered one of the most iconic romance movies in its era. Thus, it is inevitable that all these movies have been watched (and will be watched) by a large audience, hence it is crucial to study the constructed values within them as arguably they influence the society. The thesis studies Egyptian masculinity using two different methods: film analysis and interviews with Egyptian men. The main theories this paper applies are: active audience encoding/decoding theory, social role theory and social identity and self- categorization theories. All three movies were found to represent masculinity through traditional traits e.g. emotionless, family provider. Egyptian men reflected on some of the scenes and had varied perspectives on the matter. Men who did not agree with certain values in those representations did mention that they still have to follow them as it is the way they have been brought up. The results of this study cannot be generalized but it is a step forward in the research on representation of masculinities in Egyptian cinema, which is extremely under researched in comparison to the size of the film industry in Egypt.

This work adopts a feminist perspective to analyse and compare the patriarchal oppression and objectification of humans and robots in the Foundation universe. It analyses the relationships between males and females, between humans from different social and cultural backgrounds, and between humans and robots. The study attempts to capture changes that span a long period and multiple locations, exploring how those changes are triggered by different forms of patriarchal oppression and objectification. This essay concludes that various forms of patriarchal oppression and objectification exist in the beginning but start slowly disintegrating as humanity, guided by robots, move towards a greater goal of establishing a better society.

Jeanette Winterson’s debut novel Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit is regarded as an epitome of feminist fiction. The novel centres around Jeanette, a young homosexual girl, and her mother Louie who does not accept her daughter’s sexuality. Just like most mothers in feminist fiction Louie is described, by other scholars, as a one-dimensional character who forces normative femininity upon her daughter and defends patriarchal structures. However, this thesis argues that subtle instances of characterisation create tensions in Louie’s character, especially in regard to gender norms and heterosexual norms. Although Winterson’s novel has been explored from several perspectives most scholars focus on Jeanette. Few scholars have attempted to examine Louie and how she is characterised. Thus, Louie’s character is largely unexplored. To analyse Louie, Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan’s narratological theories on characterisation are used, such as characterisation through direct definitions, actions, and speech. By showing that Louie is marked by tensions she is characterised as a mother who both upholds and challenges patriarchal structures. Since Louie cannot only be perceived as an agent of the patriarchy, she is consequently a complex character.

In the mid-twentieth century many critics considered Eudora Welty’s work regionalist, which limited the interpretation of its social and political implications. However, by the late 1980s there was a renewed dedication to examining the subtle social and political implications present in her fiction. In keeping with this critical trend, I examine Welty’s revisions to four stories in A Curtain of Green and Other Stories. Previous interpretations of “Clytie,” “Why I Live at the P.O.,” “A Memory,” and “A Curtain of Green” do not adequately address how the female protagonists of these stories challenge traditional expectations for women. I argue that Welty’s revisions provide fundamental support for the female protagonists so that they can challenge existing social order in covert ways.