This is a qualitative study that explores the thoughts and experiences of honour culture of young men who have previously been living in a residential care home for unaccompanied children. The data was collected through four semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The social constructionist theory was used together with previous research in order to analyse the results. The results of this study show that the informants highly associate honour culture with women, and therefore feel burdened with the fact that they are expected to guard females both in and outside their own families. Results also show that males are subjected to honour based oppression in different forms. Furthermore, it was found that honour culture is connected to shame and a fear of being ostracized from the family or the community.

Forskning inom ämnet kontrollerande beteende visade att män uppfattades mer kontrollerande än kvinnor, och att detta hade sin grund i flera historiska och sociala faktorer. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka könets betydelse för uppfattningen av kontrollerande beteende i nära relation. 126 personer (43 män och 83 kvinnor) i åldrarna 19–66, fick läsa en fiktiv vinjett inspirerad av Graham-Kevan och Archers CBR-S skala, med en manlig, kvinnlig eller ej könsbestämd kontrollerande person, för att sedan skatta sin uppfattning om personen och relationen. Resultatet visade att män uppfattades som mer kontrollerande och obehagliga än kvinnor när båda betedde sig på samma sätt. Det visade också att en kvinna som kontrollerar en relation uppfattades som mindre kontrollerande av män än av kvinnor. Slutsatsen var att manliga och kvinnliga normer även hade inverkan på uppfattningen av kontrollerande beteende. Bakgrunden till studien var att belysa ursprunget till ett av vår tids största samhällsproblem, våld mot kvinnor.

The purpose of this thesis is to research the experience of men who feel degraded and traumatized by serving under the leadership of women, because of being brought up in a patriarchal environment. Culture seems to play an important part in helping these men to operate within this patriarchal structures. To revisit the negative concepts of African and Christian cultures regarding the leadership of women, and to positively look into equity law in the light of the Bible, which is supposed to be the road map (constitution) for Christians, and the democratic constitution of South Africa. The Bible reveals God as God who hates oppression and promotes liberty, justice, and fairness. Regarding prophecy, the prophet Joel says, “And ... I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh ... Your daughters shall prophesy ... and upon the servants.” (Joel 2: 28-32) Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. Women should be at liberty to preach the Word of God inside and outside the church and also to take part in leadership roles. The government of South Africa is propagating affirmative action especially to those who were disadvantaged. Women are the ones who had been disadvantaged when coming to being in leadership positions in every aspect of life. The other factor is to encourage pastoral care givers and the church to jointly propagate equity and the emancipation of all those who are oppressed because of negative cultural concepts and upbringing. Finally it is to demolish all negative cultural aspects whether Christian or African and adapt to the equity law (Law of justice and fairness) irrespective of race, color or gender, for the health, peace and prosperity of our country, and our church. The Bible version that will be used through out the thesis will be the New International Version (NIV). / Dissertation (MA (Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Jeanette Winterson’s debut novel Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit is regarded as an epitome of feminist fiction. The novel centres around Jeanette, a young homosexual girl, and her mother Louie who does not accept her daughter’s sexuality. Just like most mothers in feminist fiction Louie is described, by other scholars, as a one-dimensional character who forces normative femininity upon her daughter and defends patriarchal structures. However, this thesis argues that subtle instances of characterisation create tensions in Louie’s character, especially in regard to gender norms and heterosexual norms. Although Winterson’s novel has been explored from several perspectives most scholars focus on Jeanette. Few scholars have attempted to examine Louie and how she is characterised. Thus, Louie’s character is largely unexplored. To analyse Louie, Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan’s narratological theories on characterisation are used, such as characterisation through direct definitions, actions, and speech. By showing that Louie is marked by tensions she is characterised as a mother who both upholds and challenges patriarchal structures. Since Louie cannot only be perceived as an agent of the patriarchy, she is consequently a complex character.

<p>This paper discusses honour related crimes and the judicial process within the legal system in a Swedish context. The empirical base of the study is four cases, with an honour background, and we have used discourse analysis as our method. We have developed four tools for analysing the sentences with which we observed aspects such as; language, the roles of victim and perpetrator that the involved can undertake, the different identities that the sentence might create and finally how the stories change when they enter the legal context. We connect our results to our theoretic backgrounds such as Kolfjord who discusses the legalization of conflicts, the holistic and individual perspective, the legal system as a theoretic background and finally the UN:s definition of honour crimes. These four theoretic perspectives have helped analyse the empiric base. The study reveals that the courts handle cases of honour without discussing that fact. It emerges aspects from the stories that are specific for honour crimes. The courts show a difficulty when handling cases with an honour background, there is a conflict between the group norms and the individualistic perspective. The courts describe honour in the empirical material despite the fact that honour has no legal grounds in the Swedish laws.</p>

This paper discusses honour related crimes and the judicial process within the legal system in a Swedish context. The empirical base of the study is four cases, with an honour background, and we have used discourse analysis as our method. We have developed four tools for analysing the sentences with which we observed aspects such as; language, the roles of victim and perpetrator that the involved can undertake, the different identities that the sentence might create and finally how the stories change when they enter the legal context. We connect our results to our theoretic backgrounds such as Kolfjord who discusses the legalization of conflicts, the holistic and individual perspective, the legal system as a theoretic background and finally the UN:s definition of honour crimes. These four theoretic perspectives have helped analyse the empiric base. The study reveals that the courts handle cases of honour without discussing that fact. It emerges aspects from the stories that are specific for honour crimes. The courts show a difficulty when handling cases with an honour background, there is a conflict between the group norms and the individualistic perspective. The courts describe honour in the empirical material despite the fact that honour has no legal grounds in the Swedish laws.

The research is focusing on understanding the problems that are caused by the patriarchal set-up and which become stumbling blocks for the rights of women in the church and society. The research is done by application of the liberation theology from the reality of the experiences of the oppressed women. The research will: - Use the practical case studies as an experience of the victimized society in order to understand their pain and need. - Study the biblical passages that helps to understand more about how men and women are expected to relate to each other by God. - Study the African traditional understanding about how men and women should relate to each other. - Give guidelines on how men and women can be equal participants for the kingdom of God, without undermining the rights of women and the biblical message on the view of women. Liberation theology pioneered by James Cone will be used pastorally and therapeutically to help the women as victims of gender oppression both in the church and in the society. / Thesis (PhD (Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Denna uppsats undersöker hur personer som utsatts för sexuellt våld upplever den hjälp, stöd och vård som samhället tillhandahåller. Syftet är att betrakta detta utifrån ett genusperspektiv för att undersöka hur föreställningar om sexualitet och kön påverkar möjligheten till hjälp, stöd och vård. Uppsatsens empiriska material består av två kvalitativa delstudier. Den första delstudien är genomförd med hjälp av en enkät via Google formulär som spridits på sociala medier, där 89 personer svarar. Den andra delstudien syftar till att ge en fördjupad förståelse om det valda ämnet och empirin är insamlad genom mailkontakt med de personer som i den tidigare delstudien samtyckt till att svara på fler frågor. För att analysera denna empiri används följande teorier och begrepp: Pierre Bourdieus (2004) teori om det symboliska våldet, Simone de Beauvoirs (2017) teori om det andra könet samt Erving Goffmans (2011) begrepp stigma. I resultatet synliggörs hur föreställningar om sexualitet och kön mynnar ut i patriarkala strukturer, vilka påverkar den utsatte på flera plan då det kommer till att söka och få tillgång till hjälp, stöd och vård. Resultatet visar även på socialtjänstens osynlighet i sammanhanget och att få personer valt att vända sig dit för att få stöd. Utöver detta synliggör resultatet att god kompetens och ett gott bemötande är nyckeln för att den utsatte ska vara behjälpt av stöd och vård. / This essay examines how people who have been subjected to sexual violence experience the help, support and care that society provides. The purpose is to look at this from a gender perspective to examine how conceptions of sexuality and gender affect the possibility of help, support and care. The essay's empirical material consists of two qualitative sub-studies. The first sub-study was conducted using a survey via Google form that was distributed on social media, in which 89 people responded. The second sub-study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the chosen topic and the empirical data is collected through e-mail contact with the people who in the previous sub-study agreed to in-depth interviews. To analyze this empiricism the following theories and concepts are used: Pierre Bourdieu's (2004) theory of symbolic violence, Simone de Beauvoir's (2017) theory of the second sex and Erving Goffman's (2011) concept of stigma. The result highlights how conceptions of sexuality and gender result in patriarchal structures, which affect the vulnerable at several levels when it comes to seeking and accessing help, support and care. The result also shows that Social Services, in this context, are perceived as invisible and that the majority of the respondents choose not to request support from them. In addition to this, the result shows that good skills and good care are the key to the victim being assisted by support and care.

The essay is a qualitative study based on interviews with school curators and a student coach who in various ways in their work come into contact with girls who live in an honor culture. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Swedish school treats girls who in one way or another live in an honor culture and how the schools work with honor issues. The research question that has formed the basis of the study was the following: How does the Swedish school respond to honor culture? The results are analyzed based on the previously presented research, Al-Baldawi's theory of the individual-centered and group-centered way of thinking, and Hylland-Eriksen's theory of the creation of a “we” and “they”. The results show that honor culture occurs within the Swedish school and is given more attention, partly because professionals have more knowledge and experience on the subject but also because the interest has increased from different quarters to investigate the phenomenon. However, all respondents agree that more and different kinds of efforts are still needed to give the girls support and help, but above all to work for prevention.