Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-29T14:25:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ESTEVAN_DE_NEGREIROS_KETZER_PARCIAL.pdf: 4368876 bytes, checksum: 178d340e8c705672039f8fb4f2e31f47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T14:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_ESTEVAN_DE_NEGREIROS_KETZER_PARCIAL.pdf: 4368876 bytes, checksum: 178d340e8c705672039f8fb4f2e31f47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This thesis is dedicated to a study on the possibility of a trauma theory in the Jacques Derrida?s thought with motivation referenced in the work of the Romanian poet German-speaking Paul Celan. Therefore, we have been thinking of three concerns derived from the idea of writing, trace and justice that permeate what we can identify here as the thought of difference (diff?rance). When we turn to the poetics of Paul Celan, we take into account the problem of aesthetic construction from the second half of the twentieth century, especially on the direct relationship which Paul Celan established with European philosophers such as T.W. Adorno, Martin Buber and Martin Heidegger. His discussion in the Western thought is going for the creation of a new aesthetic conception from the clash with avant-garde music. The discussion extends to the silence, its repercussions in extrapolating the field of phenomenology, addressing the historical dispositions that mark the two modalities of silence: one due to the helplessness from the victims and other from an embarrassment of those who lost the War. We also examine the widespread helplessness of Paul Celan?s poetic work, especially in the loss of the word as an object of meaning, and from now on rely on the perspective of a fragmented word. The idea of responsibility, in the Emmanuel Levinas? interpretation, leads us to the reflection of a support in the maternity as a necessary elaboration of the past and its impossibility imposed in the present time, taking us to the considerations of Jacques Derrida. Finally, we have ?Le Menhir?, the torment as we approach the graying stone, reinforcing the sense that its grayness color implies for the subjectivity. The trauma in Paul Celan here is seen with a perspective of future elaboration. / Cette th?se est consacr?e ? une ?tude de la possibilit? d'une th?orie du traumatisme ? la pens?e de Jacques Derrida avec la motivation a r?f?renc? ? l?oeuvre du po?te roumain germanophone Paul Celan. ? cette fin, ont ?t? d?riv?es trois pr?occupations de l?id?e d??criture, trace et la justice que nous pouvons ici identifier comme la pens?e de la diff?rence (diff?rance). Lorsque nous nous tournons vers la po?sie de Paul Celan, nous consid?rons le probl?me de la construction esth?tique de la seconde moiti? du XXe si?cle, en particulier dans la relation directe que Paul Celan ?tabli avec les philosophes europ?ens tels que T. W. Adorno, Martin Buber et Martin Heidegger. Sa discussion dans le pens?e occidentale vers ? un nouveau design esth?tique avec la musique d?avant-garde de l?affrontement. Le d?bat se prolonge au silence, ses r?percussions au extrapoler le domaine de la ph?nom?nologie, se dirigeant pour les r?gles historiques qui marquent les deux modalit?s du silence: l?une en raison de l?impuissance des victimes et une autre r?sultant d'un embarras des ceux qui ont perdu la guerre. Nous examinons aussi l?impuissance ?tendue dans toute l?oeuvre po?tique de Paul Celan, en particulier la perte du mot comme un objet signification, devrait d?sormais compter sur la perspective du mot fragment?e. L?id?e de responsabilit? dans l?interpr?tation de Emmanuel Levinas nous conduit ? la r?flexion d?un soutien dans la maternit?, l??laboration n?cessaire du pass? et de leur incapacit? impos?e ? l?heure actuelle, nous prendre ? des consid?rations Jacques Derrida. Enfin, nous avons ? Le Menhir ? l'?preuve que nous approchons de cette pierre, renforce le sentiment que sa couleur gris implique ? la subjectivit?. Le traumatisme dans Paul Celan ici est vu dans une perspective de d?veloppement futur. / Esta tese ? dedicada a um estudo sobre a possibilidade de uma teoria do trauma no pensamento de Jacques Derrida com motiva??o referenciada no trabalho do poeta romeno de l?ngua alem? Paul Celan. Para tanto, foram pensadas tr?s inquieta??es derivadas da ideia de escrita, rastro e justi?a que permeiam aquilo que aqui podemos identificar como o pensamento da diferen?a (diff?rance). Ao nos voltarmos para a po?tica de Paul Celan, temos em conta o problema da constru??o est?tica a partir da segunda metade do s?culo XX, principalmente na rela??o direta que Paul Celan estabeleceu com os fil?sofos europeus como T.W. Adorno, Martin Buber e Martin Heidegger. Sua discuss?o no pensamento ocidental se dirige para a cria??o de uma nova concep??o est?tica a partir do embate com a m?sica de vanguarda. O debate se estende at? o sil?ncio, suas repercuss?es ao extrapolar o campo da fenomenologia, dirigindo-se para as disposi??es hist?ricas que marcam as duas modalidades de sil?ncio: uma devido ao desamparo das v?timas e outra decorrente de um constrangimento dos que perderam a Guerra. Examinamos tamb?m o desamparo estendido por toda a obra po?tica de Paul Celan, especialmente na perda da palavra como objeto de significa??o, devendo a partir de agora apoiar-se na perspectiva de palavra fragmentada. O exame da ideia de responsabilidade, na interpreta??o de Emmanuel Levinas, nos conduz at? a reflex?o de um apoio na maternidade como necess?ria elabora??o do passado e sua impossibilidade imposta no tempo presente, levando-nos ?s considera??es de Jacques Derrida. Por fim, temos ?Le Menhir?, o supl?cio ao nos aproximarmos da pedra, refor?ando a sensa??o de que sua cor cinza implica ? subjetividade. O trauma em Paul Celan, aqui, ? visto com uma perspectiva de elabora??o futura.

Paul Celan's translations of Emily Dickinson's poems Because I could not stop for Death and Let down the Bars, Oh Death illuminate the global metaphor inherent in both poems' exploration of death. Celan's The Meridian speech, coupled with Dickinson's poems I saw no way and Tell all the truth, suggest that language can move in different directions across a globe at the same time. When these different lines meet, they reach a meridian of the spiritual and the material. As Celan translates Dickinson's two poems, he uses this global metaphor to place more emphasis on death and to further illuminate how ambiguity is used in the poems to represent what death is, thus highlighting Dickinson's original project in her death poems.

Cette recherche a pour but l'étude de situations traumatiques caractérisées par l'absence de langage. Il se penche plus précisément sur une évaluation du lien paradoxal entre l'expérience de mort psychique où le langage fait défaut et entre différentes expressions créatrices dans les arts (au théâtre chez Samuel Beckett, dans la poésie dans l'œuvre de Paul Celan et dans l'œuvre artistique de Francis Bacon), telles des trouvailles spécifiques au renouvellement du langage et de la vie. Cette démarche est soumise à la capacité de l'artiste de supporter la "mort psychique" et l'absence de représentation et de langage, ce que je nomme dans ce travail "le langage négatif", et d'en faire ressortir, par son art, des piliers qui formeraient un nouveau piédestal à la vie, à l'existence, à la créativité et à la découverte. Ce sujet a préoccupé le célèbre psychanalyste britannique Wilfred Bion et l'a amené à développer un ensemble de concepts théoriques et cliniques. Le modèle conçu dans cette recherche utilise les concepts théoriques et cliniques de Bion concernant les psychothérapeutes et psychanalystes et donne la possibilité de définir les différentes voies par lesquelles un artiste réussit à se servir de la créativité ou du processus de création comme étant un contenant (concept fondamental chez Bion) lui permettant d'accéder à des territoires et des domaines psychiques situés au-delà du langage. Dans une certaine mesure, différemment de Bion focalisé sur la thérapie, le modèle préconisé par cette présente recherche, fait essentiellement appel à la création artistique et à l'artiste au sein du processus créatif, comme étant le témoignage de son expérience dans "l'espace de mort". Il permet ainsi, non seulement de découvrir un "langage" propre à l'artiste mais aussi d'enrichir la théorisation thérapeutique psychanalytique de Bion, qui lui-même, tout comme Freud, admet que l'artiste devance le psychanalyste et parfois même lui trace la voie. / The purpose of this research was to study traumatic situations characterized by the absence of language. More specifically, the focus is on the paradoxical relation between the experience of "psychic death" in which language fails and on the other hand, different creative expressions in the arts (in the theatre of Samuel Beckett, in the poetic writings of Paul Celan, and the paintings of Francis Bacon), as well as specific discoveries recreating the possibility of language and even life. This act is made possible by the capability of the artist to support "psychic death" and absence of representation - named in this work "negative language", and to go through it by his art which recreates an access to life, creativity and new discoveries. This subject preoccupied the eminent British psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion and led him suggest an abundance of new theoretical and clinical concepts. The model developed in the present research uses these conceptualizations of Bion concerning the psychotherapist and the psychoanalyst and applies it to the different ways that serve the artist to successfully use creative processes to form a container (a fundamental concept in Bion’s theories), and thus get access to territories and zones which are beyond common language. Bion focuses on therapy while the present model and research focuses on the artistic creation as a testimony coming back from the "region of death". It enables not only to find a "language" for the artist but also to enrich the psychoanalytic psychotherapeutic theorization of Bion, who admitted as Freud did that the artist precedes the psychoanalyst and even paves a new way.

This thesis aims to challenge a number of critical assumptions that have unnecessarily restricted the way we read Paul Celan's work, and poetry in general, by reading an unfinished cycle of poems called 'Eingedunkelt.' The poems were written during the Spring of 1966, when Celan was incarcerated in a psychiatric hospital in Paris, and have received little critical attention since their initial partial publication in 1968, their more extensive publication in 1991, and the exhaustive publication of the transcription of all genetic documents in 2006. The thesis consists of three chapters, the last two of which are divided into two parts. The opening chapter confronts the poems in 'Eingedunkelt' as they are now available to us as genetic documents, and engages with current theories of genetic criticism to explore new ways of reading and creating meaning within the avant-texte. Although studies of Celan's work have proliferated since his death in 1970, very few critics have been willing to look beyond the formulation of the poetics Celan defines in his 1960 Büchner prize speech 'Der Meridian.' Chapters Two and Three therefore seek to identify the presence in 'Eingedunkelt' of alternative ways of thinking about poetry that do not necessarily conform to the poetics most explicitly outlined in 1960, and that allow for the very real possibility that Celan's conception of his poetic task was often challenged and maybe even transformed. Through Celan's engagement with Stéphane Mallarmé and Jean-Paul Sartre, Chapter Two identifies the development of a poetics of suicide, according to which each poem rehearses the poet's final and greatest creative act in his or her own self-destruction. Chapter Three recognizes the existence of a counter-poetics of life through Celan's lifelong interaction with the paintings of Rembrandt van Rijn, in which the material qualities of dried oil paint, which mimic the organic qualities of human skin, offer a way to create a living, breathing, but also decaying memorial to those who died in the Shoah. This provides the platform for Celan's poetic critique of both the 1963 - 1965 Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial, and Peter Weiss's 1965 dramatization of the Trial, 'Die Ermittlung.'

My research in this thesis covers the religious discourse of six contemporary poets who write belief from a position of calamity. Yehuda Amichai writes from the constant wars fought since the founding of the state of Israel; Anne Sexton from psychiatric illness; Seamus Heaney from the sectarian violence of Ireland; Paul Celan and Nelly Sachs from the twentieth century’s greatest calamity, the Holocaust; and Yves Bonnefoy, from the language theories of post-modernism, which are calamitous for a poet. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (Master'). / Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-100).

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Disertacija skirta kalbos problemos analizei Paulio Celano (1920-1970) kūryboje. Tyrimo objektas – Paulio Celano tekstų metakalbinės ir metapoetinės refleksijos. Interpretuojami brandžiojo Celano kūrybos periodo rinkinių Kalbos grotos (Sprachgitter 1959), Niekieno rožė (Die Niemandsrose, 1963), Kvėpavimo posūkis (Die Atemwende, 1967) eilėraščiai ir poetologinė kalba Meridianas. Darbe keliamos dvi pagrindinės problemos: 1. Poetinės kalbos subjektyvumo problema. Kalbančiojo subjekto ir kalbos santykis gvildenamas, atsižvelgiant į balso / rašto, sąmonės / rašto, atminties / užmaršties, tapatybės / skirtumo ambivalencijas. Celano kalbos sampratos savitumas atskleidžiamas, apibendrinant kalbos kaip poezijos rezervuaro ir eilėraščio kaip vienetinio poetinio įvykio santykių problemą. Analizuojamos poetinės kalbos figūros (prozopopėja, antropomorfizmas, katachrezė) kaip prasmės perkėlimo mechanizmai, atsižvelgiama į reikšmės perteklių ir galutinės prasmės neprieinamumą. 2. Kitybės sklaidos problema. Apibrėžiama Celano tekstų suvokimo specifika, tekstų orientacija į skaitytoją. Aptariamas „svetimas žodis“ poetiniuose tekstuose, atsižvelgiama į eilėraščio savasties ir svetimybės ryšius jame, „kito“ skaitymo / rašymo, citatos baigtinumo / tęstinumo dviprasmybes, „svetimo žodžio“ poveikį teksto reikšmių kūrimuisi. / This thesis analyses problems of language in the works of Paul Celan (1920-1970). The main theme of thesis is metalanguage and metapoetical reflections of Paul Celans texts. The interpreted writings are selected from the collections of Paul Celan’s poetry: Sprachgitter (1959), Die Niemandsrose (1963), Die Atemwende (1967) and the speech Meridian. This thesis paper raises and discusses two main problems. 1. The problem of subjectivity of poetic language. The relationship between the lyrical subject and his language is analyzed with respect to the ambivalences of voice / writing, consciousness / writing, memory / forgetfulness, identity / difference. The uniqueness of Celan’s concept of language is disclosed by generalizing the problem of language as a poetical reservoir and the problem of a poem as unique poetical act. The figures of poetical language, that enable the transfers of meaning, are analyzed: prosopopoeia, anthropomorphism, catachresis. The surplus of meaning and unavailability of final meaning are also taken into the account. 2. The problem of diffusion of otherness. The specificity of perception of Celan’s works and the orientation towards the reader is determined. “Other texts” in poetical texts are discussed, considering the relationships in poetical work between “self and the other”, the reading / writing of “the other”, the finiteness of quotation / succession of ambiguity, the effect of “other texts” on the process of meaning creation.

This thesis examines a selection of poems of Ingeborg Bachmann and Paul Celan for stylistic devices, used to express the dynamic of speaking and silence in the poems. The main question of the thesis is how speaking and silencing are represented in the poetry of Ingeborg Bachmann and Paul Celan and which influence has the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger on this representation. For both poets the problem of speaking and expressing themselves appeared to be an acute question in the post-war time (World War II). The language scepticism led to the reconsideration of the role of language in poetry and the search for the new ways of expression.