Perlmutter (1971)'s seminal work on clitics has set much of the research model for ensuing studies. Despite enormous changes in linguistic theory over the intervening period, models in which clitic order is determined on the basis of grammatical person remains a key ingredient of most analyses. A key tenet of the current proposal is that clitic-forms may perform more than one syntactic function, reflected in their position within an elaborated series of feature projections including heads, not only for VP argument referents but also non-argumental datives and nominative actors. Surface clitic patterns are merely sequential spell-outs of this structure. There is no need for clitic re-ordering at a morphological or syntactic level. The proposed model requires no complex exclusion or conversion mechanisms nor sophisticated syntactic processes, whilst being iconic and, therefore, learnable without the need for prior knowledge e.g. Universal Grammar constraints. The model has no need of lexicalized units, treating all clusters as purely compositional sequences directly interpretable from context. Giving each 'case' its own position leads to a simple and coherent model readily applicable across Romance. The work addresses 1-/2-/3-/4-clitic clusters in French, Italian, Spanish, Occitan, Catalan, and Romanian in their various dialect forms, whilst briefly illustrating many other Romance dialects.

This thesis considers the post-war œuvre of Louise Weiss through the analytical framework of the travel narrative. The primary sources for this study comprise the substantial number of previously unexamined journal articles, photographic collections, monographs, and short documentaries which Weiss wrote following her journeys throughout Asia, North America, Africa, and the Middle East in the twenty-five years after the Second World War. Previously defined by her early career as a journalist, her lifelong advocacy for peace, and her campaigns for women’s suffrage during the interwar period, this study positions Weiss in a new narrative – that of post-war travel writer with a desire to discover a moral code that would mitigate the turbulence and fragility she perceived in the twentieth century. The analysis of this considerable body of source material is approached through the themes of spirituality, myth, and power. These themes, which emerge organically from Weiss's multi-media post-war œuvre, offer a fresh perspective on the French post-war travel narrative and allow a new understanding of both the traveller’s gaze and the notion of displacement.

This study proposes a methodology that combines techniques from corpus linguistics with theory from the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The methodology is demonstrated using a corpus comprising transcripts of Hugo Chávez’s television programme, Aló Presidente, broadcast between January 2002 and June 2007. In this thesis, I identify a number of criticisms of CDA and suggest that corpus linguistics can be used to reduce the principle risks: over-/under-interpretation of data and ensuring that the examples used are representative. I then present a methodology designed to minimise these effects, based upon a hypothesis that semantic fields are used more frequently in periods when they are topical, and therefore one can isolate instances which were produced at times of change. I use the Aló Presidente corpus to present a detailed description of three such semantic fields and then adopt the concept of discourse strategies from the DHA to demonstrate how Chávez’s framing of the topics changes with time. This leads to a set of conclusions which seek to answer the research question: How is life in Venezuela framed as having changed under Chávez’s Presidency by reference to his Aló Presidente television programme during the period 2002-2007?

De nos jours, les liaisons par fibres optiques monomode ou multimodes équipent de plus en plus de bâtiments, de lieux et sites de transports publics (gares, aéroports, autoroutes, ports ou plateformes multimodales). Ceci est dû au débit important qu’offre la fibre optique et à son atténuation très faible sur de longues distances. Afin de gérer au mieux la transmission au sein de la fibre optique, les performances de divers codes à une dimension 1D OOC et PC et deux dimensions 2D-MWOOC sur les récepteurs conventionnels ont été étudiées. Cependant, les performances obtenues restent limitées lorsque le nombre d’utilisateurs croit significativement. En ne tenant pas compte du bruit causé par les composants du système, la dégradation des performances est principalement due aux interférences d’accès multiples (IAM). De ce fait, nous proposons dans le cadre de cette thèse d’optimiser les performances du récepteur PIC en ajoutant un facteur de compensation qui permet de réduire au mieux les interférences d’accès multiples. Ceci est étudié avec les codes optiques à deux dimensions 2D-PC/PC que nous générons. Des expérimentations sur un banc d’essai optique en laboratoire sont effectuées pour illustrer la mise en oeuvre de multiservices. Une validation de certains résultats théoriques est également menée sur un simulateur dédié. / Nowadays, public transport spaces (train stations, airports, highways, ports or multimodal platforms) and buildings are being more and more equipped by single mode or multimode optical fibers. The high throughput offered and the very low attenuation over long distances proposed by optical fiber are indeed very promising. For a better management of optical fiber transmissions, the performance of various one-dimensional 1D OOC and PC codes, and twodimensional2D- MWOOC codes on conventional receivers have been previously studied.These studies show that a good level of performance is only available to a restricted number of users. Assuming noiseless components in the system, the performance degradation is mainly due to multiple access interference (MAI). Therefore, we propose in this thesis to optimize the performance of PIC receivers by adding a compensation factor that can best reduce the MAI. This is studied with two-dimensional optical codes 2D-PC/PC that we have generated. Experiments on a laboratory test bench were made to implement multiple services. The theoretical studies and the channel optical transmission simulations were also validated by using a dedicated simulator tool.

Since 2001 the top international Notebook PC brand firm, Dell, established their Research and Development Center (R&D Center), or called TDC (Taiwan Design Center), in Taiwan, other Notebook PC firms also set up R&D Centers in Taiwan to work closely with Taiwan Notebook PC ODMs. In 2006, Dell has already handed over all the consumer Notebook R&D teams to TDC in Taiwan. Hewlett-Packard (HP) established R&D center in Taiwan in 2002, it is called Product Development Center (PDC) and now has thousands of engineers. The major responsibility of R&D Centers in Taiwan is to cooperate with Notebook PC ODMs to develop and manufacture Notebook PCs. The purpose of this study is to understand how the R&D Center evaluates Notebook PC ODMs and what the key factors are for evaluation from the R&D perspective. This study is taken by the depth of literature review and expert interviews and used AHP to develop a model of the evaluation to select a Notebook PC ODM as the partner to develop a new Notebook PC and mass-produce the products after complete development and validation. On the other hand, it helps Notebook PC ODMs to understand the client's selection criteria and know what the weaknesses are to improve accordingly.

Because using the perfect orthogonal code in CDMA system means elimination of multi-path interference and multiple access interference, we will discuss this aspect in this thesis. At first, we address a algorithm to how to search a flock of perfect orthogonal code, which consisting of many codes have a characteristic of perfect auto-correlation and perfect cross-correlation to each other. Following, we will compare perfect orthogonal code we find with the present complementary codes include complete complementary code (CCC), super complementary code (SCC), and two-dimensional orthogonal variable spreading code (2D-OVSF code). Considering that the run time of searching perfect orthogonal code is long in case of high processing gain (PG), we construct a PC cluster based Linux O.S or Windows O.S for the operation of parallel program to faster our production of perfect orthogonal code.

In the present day, the worldwide competition has emerged in the high-tech industry, such as semi-conductor, information, and software etc. Industry observers have perceived a dilemma companies encountered. A large number of companies have accumulated some valuable resources, but they can¡¦t transfer their valuable resources into useful capabilities, let alone using them to build the long-term competitive advantage. However, in the shadow of worldwide recession, game software industry acts in the opposite way. Due to the prosperity of online games, increasing numbers of game software companies perform quite well, even more go on pubic offerings. In fact, the game software industry is a highly competing and turbulent context. In this industry, understanding how these firms striving to accumulate and make use of their resources and capabilities to achieve the expected performance brings the motive of this research. The focal point lies in the interrelationship between these processes. To react to the new type of competition, the research starts from dynamic capability viewpoints, analyzing the operating processes of game software industry firms towards resources and capabilities and interrelationship between them and organizational performance. The result shows in two dimensions: 1. The mutual influence between dynamic capabilities In the evolutionary process of a firm, the development of a successful path has been influenced by the intensity and direction of firm¡¦s learning capability. In a high velocity market, learning capability has obtained not only from the performance and trial and error experiences from events, but also from external environment. Besides, learning capability facilitates the fostering of resources reconfiguration when it¡¦s necessary to make any prompt correction. In such a turbulent context, in order to lower the increasing complexity of internal resources position resulted from external risks, firms tend to enhance the elaboration towards managerial process, such as the capabilities of integration, learning, reconfiguration, and transformation. Systematic tools used in traditional managerial process have difficulty when applying to the high velocity markets. To improve the timeliness of integration, informal interactions become the most important parts of internal operations. 2. The relationship between dynamic capability and organizational performance Due to high organizational flexibility firms in the game software industry need, more emphasis should be put on the integration of managerial processes and routines of execution. The consistency within process and routine can be regarded as one of the standards of performance evaluation because the well development of managerial process and routine will facilitate the building of competitiveness. Meanwhile, research shows, in a high velocity market, both the technological capabilities and timeliness of interaction between complementary assets are the two main factors in the process of commercialization of new technology, thus become another factors that influence on the market performance of organizations. In responding to the change of external industrial structure, in order to improve the performance by external resources, firms tend to make use of their high popularity and reputation to form alliance with different industries. This move not only improves their popularity but also facilitates the fostering and obtaining of new capabilities.

¡iAbstract¡j After the end of 2007, the Asus Eee PC first low price computer present to the market that creates the low-priced market of laptop computers which attracts the attention from all of computer manufacturers to launch new products to vie for the market, the Netbook (low price laptop computers) become the next ¡§Red Ocean Strategy Market¡¨ to the computer manufacturers. The Topology Research Institute estimated this kinds of low cost computer will enter the maturity development this year, and may have 680 million sets inquiry in 2010 . With the introduction of low-priced Netbook, Taiwanese manufacturers can extend its advantages of manufacturing technology and product development. Also, it leads to the booming businesses of relevant vendors and the opportunities creation of MIT (Made in Taiwan) brand development in the international market. . The research is based on the analysis of literatures, and focus on further discussions on Taiwan¡¦s current manufacturers of low-priced laptop computers and their future development trend. To understand the current business environment, industry structure, competitive advantages as well as the opportunities and challenges that Taiwan¡¦s manufacturers may face, the research chooses ASUSTeK Computer Inc. as a case study to examine its core capabilities and the strategies of Eee PC which adopts by Five Forces Analysis of Michael E. Porter. Furthermore, the research evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of its competitiveness using SWOT analysis. Finally, the research comes out with some suggestions for Asus Eee PC¡¦s future competitive strategies and development directions.

Reproduction de : Mémoire d'ingénieur : informatique : Grenoble, CNAM : 1986. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 115.

This thesis undertakes a literary study of contemporary novels published by metropolitan French writers between 1980 and 2000, and analyses their representation of the changing relationship between France and North Africa. It begins by analysing the specificity of the situation in France, arguing that this is largely due to the functioning of the French Republican tradition, which equates inassimilable difference with inferiority. Consequently, France’s former colonies represent a privileged site of the Republican relationship with difference. This is particularly acute in the case of Algeria, by virtue of its former status as an integral part of the French Republic, and as a result of the large population of Algerian origin resident within France. It therefore offers a useful perspective from which to assess the extent to which French identities and systems of representation have been problematised in the post-colonial era. Part One examines contemporary French attitudes towards the wider Maghreb, including examples from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Drawing on traditions which extend back to Montaigne and Montesquieu, it considers contemporary updating of Orientalist traditions within which French writers have explored other countries as seen from the Hexagon. Part Two concerns the singularity of Algeria’s relationship with France. By focusing on a case-study – representations of the Paris massacre of 17 October 1961 – the thesis draws wider conclusions about the way in which attitudes to the Algerian War are changing, and the key role potentially played by literary and other artistic representation. The final chapter looks at recollections of life in Algeria in the work of two women writers, Marie Cardinal and Hélène Cixous. It concludes that their early experience there of conflict and otherness was fundamental in shaping the development of their writing project, and that their literary memories destabilise notions of a unified ‘Frenchness’.