published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

by Tong Kwok Kan. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 59). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Gateways to the Pearl River Delta --- p.3 / Open Door Policy --- p.5 / Export --- p.5 / Entrepot Role of Hong Kong --- p.7 / Performance of Our Seaport................................................................................................. --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter II. --- INTEREST OF STUDY AND OBJECTIVES --- p.12 / Chapter ChapterIII. --- COMPANY BACKGROUNDS OF REGALTRONIC AND GENALEX --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter IV. --- OPERATIONS --- p.17 / Export Logistics Process --- p.21 / Track and Trace Capability --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter V. --- DISCUSSION --- p.42 / Why FOB is Popular in Export Sales Contract --- p.42 / Who Determines the FOB Port --- p.45 / APPENDIX A --- p.49 / APPENDIX B --- p.54 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.59

Drawing from an extensive literature review and international experiences, it is found that TEC is a dynamic process of environmental governance to manage environmental conflicts and achieve mutually agreed goals. It is also a political process involving complex mechanisms, processes, relationships and institutions in which stakeholders can articulate their interests, exercise their rights and obligations, and mediate their differences. Transforming theory into a pragmatic research holism, this study constructs an analytical framework which stresses the great importance of a few key aspects of TEC. These key aspects include the nature and characteristics of environmental issue of concern, sociopolitical situations where TEC appears, co-operation regime, determinants of cooperation formation and persistence, and elements of environmental governance. In this study, knowledge, interests and power are identified as the three key determinants and the eight elements involved are participation, compatibility, benefit to all participants, communication, transparency, adaptability, certainty, and expertise. / In order to critically examine the involvement of stakeholders, processes, and mechanisms of TEC in GPRD, a case study approach was employed. An in-depth analysis of two milestone cases, i.e., regional air quality management and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, illustrates how TEC plays a vital role in managing the environmental challenges resulting from economic growth, building of infrastructure and disparity in the level of regional development. Findings of the case studies reveal that joint efforts of the various jurisdictions have significantly promoted the regional environmental governance over the past two decades. There are mechanisms for knowledge building and conflict resolution. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of TEC needs to be further improved because several key elements are still not in place, including mutually agreed goals, effective negotiation among government bodies at different levels, symmetric distribution of benefits as perceived by the parties involved, and transparency as a result of free flow of information. The findings of this study also show that the absence or inadequacy of these key elements is deeply rooted in the "One Country, Two Systems" framework under which differences between both sides exist in political culture, mindset, environmental regulations and standards, as well as conflicting interests and priorities. These differences coupled with complex administrative hierarchy and pro-economic growth ethos point to a long drawn-out battle for consensus building and regional collaboration. / This study aims to conceptualize transboundary environmental cooperation (TEC) and examine how TEC helps solve environmental problems in the Greater Pearl River Delta region (GPRD) where the unique "One Country, Two Systems" framework is in place. With two different socio-political systems under the Chinese Government, the GPRD region has witnessed rapid economic growth driven mainly by industrialization and urbanization over the past two decades and has experienced a variety of environmental problems. By conducting a critical analysis of environmental governance in the region, the study offers unique insights into the environmental management problems in the Chinese context and hence the research findings are useful for devising alternative ways for more effective management of the environment. / Hui, Wing Chi. / "January 2008." / Advisers: Lam Kin Che; Yongqin Chen. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: A, page: 0978. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-244). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

蔡玄暉. / Submitted: Dec. 2009. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 371-382). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Cai Xuanhui.

本論文主要目的在引用華勒斯坦世界體系理論，來探討中共改革開放後珠江三角洲與世界體系資本主義國家接觸融合所引發之社會發展效應。 　　本文係採用歷史研究法與文獻分析法進行研究。內容共計分為五章：第一章緒論；第二章探討改革開放的緣起與戰略設計，藉以了解改革開放前中國大陸內外環境之客觀態勢與改革開放戰略設計，作為關照中國大陸實施改革開放政策而被捲入資本主義世界體系後社會發展之依據。第三章探討珠江三角洲與改革開放戰略的關係，使與前一章形成有機聯繫關係，內容包括珠江三角洲在改革開放戰略中所扮演角色及珠江三角洲捲入體系之過程。第四章引用華勒斯坦世界體系理論歸結出之農業商業化、工業化、無產階級化，及週期性循環等具體步驟來探討改革開放後珠江三角洲的社會發展。第五章結論，檢討引用該理論探討改革開放後中國大陸社會發展之合理性與適當性。 　　筆者發現在引用過程中兩者並非完全契合，需做修正，謹將不適用處羅列如次： 　　一、中共現階段仍是有一定效力的政府體系，與華勒斯坦所謂無效率、無效能甚至無力應付資本主義國家滲透之一般落後地區或國家有極大差別。 　　二、中國大陸歷經杜會主義洗禮，已對資本主義形成一定作用之反省機制後再與資本主義世界體系接觸、融合之情形，與華勒斯坦所謂一般落後地區捲入之情況不同。 　　三、中國大陸改革開放是在中共一定程度刻意設計下捲入資本主義世界體系，故世界體系之叩關方式與途徑和華勒斯坦所謂一般落後國家被捲入之方式不同。 　　四、中國大陸進入資本主義世界體系後，工業化未必發生在農業商業化過程之後，且無產階級社會出現逆向發展趨勢，故中國大陸進入世界體系未必完全依照世界體系理論歸結之步驟與過程進行。

目前，中國大陸最熱門的兩大經濟區域為長江三角洲與珠江三角洲，此兩地吸引眾多外商至當地投資。究竟此兩區域具有何區位優勢能吸引眾多外資，以及此兩地區的優勢有何差異，成為本論文重心所在。本論文主要探討三個主題： 一﹑這兩區域自改革開放以來，區位優勢的消長如何，才造成今日長江三角洲吸引外商投資金額超越珠江三角洲。 二﹑這兩區域有何區位優勢，才能吸引眾多外商至當地投資。 三﹑這兩區域與中國大陸整體平均水準的區位優勢作比較，究竟這兩區域相較於中國大陸整體平均水準具有何優勢，使外商特別關注此兩大地區。 以上問題運用中國統計年鑑的數據資料，以複回歸模型分析各地區的外商投資數據，以得出各項主題的結果。 / Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are both the most famous economic areas in Mainland China nowadays, attracting many foreign capitals to invest. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what are the advantages in these two areas that attract foreign direct investment, and what are the differences between them. Three subjects are discussed in the present study. First, how did the location advantages rise and fall between Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, thus now there are more foreign investment enterprises located in Yangtze River Delta than in Pearl River Delta since the beginning of China’s ‘Open Door’ Policy. Second, what are the location advantages in these two areas that attract so many foreign investment enterprises to locate in these two areas. Third, what are the unique location advantages in these two areas compared with the average level of Mainland China, so that many foreign investment enterprises pay especially high attention to this two areas. Data of Statistical Yearbook of China are used in the present study, and multiple regression model is adopted to analyze the data in order to obtain the results.

林曉燕. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 89-96. / 中英文摘要. / Lin Xiaoyan. / Chapter 第一章 --- 硏究的問題 --- p.1 / Chapter (一) --- “關係´ح的歷史 --- p.3 / Chapter (二) --- “關係´ح的模式：主要形式“關係´ح 和伸展形式“關係´ح --- p.5 / Chapter (三) --- “關係´ح和國家的關係 --- p.7 / Chapter (四) --- “關係´ح文化和儒家思想 --- p.9 / 硏究的意義 --- p.11 / 硏究方法 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二章 --- “關係´ح的連續性：四九年以後的發展 --- p.19 / Chapter 第一： --- 「同志情結」 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二 ： --- 「政治“關係´ح」 --- p.23 / Chapter 第三： --- 「經濟“關係´ح」 --- p.27 / 總結：“關係´ح是連續體 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三章 --- “關係´ح資本的獲取 --- p.34 / 香港工業的北移 --- p.34 / 珠江三角洲受僱的經驗 --- p.35 / 志輝電器廠資金(資本)的來源 / Chapter (一) --- 向出口公司貸款：國家政策和個人信譽的結合 --- p.37 / 退稅政策 --- p.39 / 額度 --- p.42 / Chapter (二) --- 新會鎭政府的支持 --- p.44 / Chapter (三) --- 朋友之情 --- p.47 / 人情債 --- p.48 / 不收“回佣´ح --- p.49 / 先取貨，後附錢 --- p.50 / 總結: / Chapter (一) --- 城市的“關係´ح結合了主要形式“關係´ح 和伸展形式“關係´ح --- p.51 / Chapter (二) --- “關係´ح和國家政策的結合 --- p.53 / Chapter (三) --- 實踐的經濟：“關係´ح資本？ --- p.53 / Chapter 第四章 --- 世間遊戲 / Chapter (一) --- 官商之間：銅鈑(錢幣)原理 --- p.58 / 支持地方慈善活動 --- p.59 / 志輝廠的經濟實力(經濟資本） --- p.60 / “關係´ح？法律？ --- p.61 / Chapter (二) --- 生意的遊戲規則 --- p.64 / 個案一：公私混合 --- p.66 / 個案二 ：以牙還牙 --- p.68 / 個案三：一點義氣 --- p.69 / 個案四：“關係´ح的破烈 --- p.71 / 經濟活動：主要形式“關係´ح和 伸展形式“關係´ح的結合 --- p.72 / Chapter (三) --- 工廠管理：ISO 9002的啓示 --- p.74 / 工廠管理：「家庭式」和 「制度化」的結合 --- p.75 / 總結:徘徊 --- p.77 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結：“關係´ح文化 / Chapter (一) --- “關係´ح是歷史的連續體 --- p.79 / Chapter (二) --- 城市的“關係´ح：主要形式“關係´ح和 伸展形式“關係´ح的結合 --- p.81 / Chapter (三) --- “關係´ح和國家結構的共生 --- p.84 / Chapter (四) --- “關係´ح文化不是儒家思想的產物 --- p.86 / 中文參考書 --- p.89 / English Bibliography --- p.91

Several studies indicates China is experiencing a water crisis, were several regions are suffering of severe water scarcity and rivers are heavily polluted. On the other hand, water is used inefficiently and wastefully: water use efficiency in the agriculture sector is only 40% and within industry, only 40% of the industrial wastewater is recycled. However, based on statistical data, China’s total water resources is ranked sixth in the world, based on its water resources and yet, Yellow River and Hai River dries up in its estuary every year. In some regions, the water situation is exacerbated by the fact that rivers’ water is heavily polluted with a large amount of untreated wastewater, discharged into the rivers and deteriorating the water quality. Several regions’ groundwater is overexploited due to human activities demand, which is not met by local. Some provinces have over withdrawn groundwater, which has caused ground subsidence and increased soil salinity. So what is the situation in China? Is there a water crisis, and if so, what are the causes?This report is a review of several global water scarcity assessment methods and summarizes the findings of the results of China’s water resources to get a better understanding about the water situation. All of the methods indicated that water scarcity is mainly concentrated to north China due to rapid growth, overexploitation from rivers and reduced precipitation. Whereas, South China is indicated as abundant in water resources, however, parts of the region are experiencing water scarcity due to massive dam constructions for water storage and power production. Too many dam constructions in a river disrupts flow of the river water and pollutants are then accumulated within floodgates.Many Chinese officials and scholars believe that with economic growth comes improved environmental quality when the economy has reached to a certain of per-capita level. However, with the present water situation it is not sustainable or possible for China to keep consuming and polluting its water resources. Improvement of environmental quality does not come automatically with increased income, and policies, laws and regulations are needed in order to stop further deterioration of the environment.China’s water situation is not any news and the key factor is human activities, but the question is how to solve it. China’s water crisis is much more complex than over exploitation of groundwater and surface water. There are three water issues in China: “too much water – floods, too little water – droughts, and too dirty water – water pollution” (Jun & Chen, 2001). Thus, solving China’s water crisis is a huge challenge to solve without negatively affecting the economic growth.