Begreppet biologi finns inte med i förskolans läroplan i Sverige men benämns en gång i den norska rammeplanen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur svenska och norska förskollärare ser på och använder läroplanen/rammeplanen när de undervisar barnen i biologi. Upplevs den som en hjälp eller är den bristfällig, och i så fall hur och vad använder de sig annars av i sin undervisning? Med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer har tre svenska och tre norska förskollärares uppfattningar om styrdokumentens styrkor och svagheter uppmärksammats. Resultatet visar att läroplanen och rammeplanen ger stora möjligheter att undervisa utifrån barnens intressen men att avsaknaden av en tydlig beskrivning av biologi kan göra undervisningen svårare. Som hjälp utöver läroplan/rammeplan använder sig förskollärare av böcker, internet och kollegor. En slutsats av studien är dock att läroplanen ses som en tillgång, då den uppfyller sitt syfte och att det kompletteras med andra kunskapskällor i biologiundervisning. / The concept of biology is not included in the preschool curriculum in Sweden but is once mentioned in the Norwegian framework plan. The aim of this study is to investigate how Swedish and Norwegian preschool teachers experience the curriculum when they teach biology to children. Is it perceived as a help or is it deficient, and if so, how, and what else do the preschool teachers use in their teaching? With the help of semi-structured interviews, three Swedish and three Norwegian preschool teachers' perceptions of strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum have been captured. The results show that both the curriculums provide great opportunities to teach based on the children's interests, but that the lack of a clear description of biology can make teaching more difficult. To help in addition to the curriculum, preschool teachers use books, the internet and colleagues. However, one conclusion of the study is that the curriculum is seen as an asset, as it fulfills its purpose and that it is supplemented with other sources of knowledge when teaching biology.

Several misconceptions show up when learners answer questions on Chemical Equilibrium during examinations. Literature from other researchers shows similar trend of misconceptions (Johnstone, 2000; Morais, Paiva and Barros, 2007; Adesoji and Babatunde, 2008) for example, ‘apply pressure to the reactants’ (Johnstone, 2000). This shows that Chemistry has no meaning to these learners and they end up with misconceptions as they try to memorise facts in order to pass examinations. Learners are taught before writing these examinations, but how are they taught the concepts of Chemical Equilibrium? A descriptive approach was used on an exploratory survey conducted in Thohoyandou Cluster among Physical Science (Chemistry) FET band Educators. Cluster sampling of 40 educators from 18 randomly sampled schools responded to questionnaires. Five ‘well experienced’ educators who have been producing ‘good’ results at Grade 12 NSC examinations and two Physical Sciences subject advisors were interviewed. Using Spearman Brown Split-Half statistical method a 0,891 reliability coefficient was obtained. Research results show lack or under utilisation of laboratory equipment, teaching strategies which promote rote learning. Lack of confidence of educators due to deficiency in topic content knowledge and pedagogical skills which promote conceptual understanding were identified. Problem of English language leading to communication breakdown between educator-learners and between learner-subject leading to emergency of knowledge gaps in learners. Educators consider professional development through re-training and workshops on subject content matter and teaching strategies as the way forward to improve the quality of teaching. Topic specific PCK focusing on problem-solving strategy was recommended as a means to increasing educators’ efficiency in teaching and enhance learners’ comprehension and achievement in Physical Science. / Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Chemistry Education))

The study seeks to examine the role of mentoring and how it could be used in the process of professional development of mathematical literacy teachers in the Greater Taung area. The study attempts to flag the importance of mentoring in professional development, especially for mathematical literacy teachers. To obtain data for the study sixteen mathematical literacy teachers from Taung area (within Ruth Mompati District) were purposively selected. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect relevant data. Literature review, based on previous studies on mentoring also provided data for the study. The following findings emerged from the study: a) that mentoring has over the years has been an effective process for developing early-career teachers’ practices b) that there are no formal mentoring programmes to assist mathematical literacy teachers in the Greater Taung area c) there is a need for effective communication between the mentor and the mentee, since the learning that takes place in a mentoring relationship is usually through regular interaction.From the findings, a collaborative form of mentoring is recommended.Both parties in this relationship are considered as a source of knowledge that can contribute to the learning that occurs within the context of mentoring. / Mathematics Education / Ph. D. (Mathematics Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denise Filomena Bagne Marquesin.pdf: 3270860 bytes, checksum: b2d538ed3e15ce07071cf3b77e9f86c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / The focus of this research fits in the discussions of teacher formation, emphasizing the Supervised Stage on Pedagogy and the teaching of Mathematics in the early years of elementary school. The understanding that much professional knowledge resulting from the student´s participation on the Supervised Stage, was crucial to perform this research. The overall aim of this study was to evaluate how the areas become places of training and learning of teaching, as well as verify how this areas/places influence in the in the formation of teaching prowess and obtaining of knowledge to teach mathematics. As theoretical-methodological referential in the fields of professional knowledge and teaching learning, were used contributions from Montero (2001), Shulman (1987), Roland (2005, 2006), Gauthier (1998) and Nóvoa (1995). For the discussion of training areas, the study bolstered in Escolano (2000), Viñao_Frago (2001) and Cunha (2010). The study was also relied on Pires (2000) and Moura (2001) for issues related to teaching mathematics in the early years of elementary school. This is a qualitative research based on a case study. As data collection, was used an initial questionnaire, exploratory interview, discussion and narratives group. In this way, we started with the assumption that the stage can influence the formation of the teaching; and the discussion meetings allow the student of the Pedagogy to think about the professional content to teach and to ensure learning. The analysis indicates that the students of the Supervised Stage, when insert themselves in the school and participate in class, has a possibility to establish the relationship between theoretical knowledge and knowledge of content and teaching. The reflection on this process revealed that the meanings and achievements make the school a place of learning and bring peculiarities to teaching prowess / O foco desta pesquisa inscreve-se nas discussões acerca da formação inicial de professores e, no centro desse campo, o olhar se volta para o Estágio Supervisionado no curso de Pedagogia e para o ensino de Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A compreensão de que existe um emaranhado de conhecimentos profissionais que resultam da participação dos alunos da formação inicial nas atividades de estágio foi determinante para a realização desta pesquisa, que envolveu os alunos desse curso. O objetivo geral do estudo foi investigar como os espaços de formação se transformam em lugares de formação e de aprendizagem da docência e verificar o modo como esses espaços/lugares influenciam na constituição da profissionalidade docente e na apropriação de conhecimentos para ensinar Matemática. Como referencial teóricometodológico, no campo do conhecimento profissional e da aprendizagem da docência, foram utilizadas as contribuições de Montero (2001), Shulman (1987), Roldão (2005, 2006), Gauthier (1998) e Nóvoa (1995). Para a discussão sobre espaços de formação, o estudo se amparou em Escolano (2000), Viñao_Frago (2001) e Cunha (2010). O estudo também se apoiou em Pires (2000) e Moura (2001) para a as questões relacionadas ao ensino da matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa pautada num estudo de caso. Adotou-se como instrumentos de coleta de dados um questionário inicial, uma entrevista exploratória, o grupo de discussão e narrativas. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que o estágio pode influenciar na constituição da profissionalidade docente e os encontros para discussão possibilitam, ao aluno concluinte do curso de Pedagogia, reflexão sobre os conteúdos profissionais para ensinar e para possibilitar a aprendizagem. A análise indicou que o aluno da formação inicial, ao inserir-se no contexto escolar e participar das aulas, tem possibilidade de estabelecer a relação entre os conhecimentos teóricos e os conhecimentos dos conteúdos e da didática. A reflexão sobre esse processo revelou que os significados e as conquistas tornam o espaço escolar um lugar de aprendizagem e trazem particularidades para a profissionalidade docente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SANDRO ROGERIO CAMARGO.pdf: 4771588 bytes, checksum: 803ce76024dc2e95a92f69ac35e35f5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-29 / nenhum / This research had the objective of finding out in the teacher of the Accountancy Course of the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG) had had any kind of formation or previus preparation when they started their careers as university professors, as well as to identify the necessities for the formation of teachers. It also tried to obtain suggestions form former and presentday students and from the teachers themselves in order to identify ways of supplying theses necessities. The diagnosed necessities were then divided into three categories: a) formation necessities related to aspects of techinical knowledge; b) formation necessities related to didactic-pedagogical knowledge; and c) formation necessities related to behavioral aspects. This study is relevant and necessary because the professor is one of the mainprotagonists in the teaching-learning process and he/she often becomes a professor by chance, without any previous preparation, so that identifying the conditions in which he/she acquired his/her formation is the first step towards the implementation of actions for the pro-fessional development and the improvement of accountancy teaching. In order to accomplish this, the research was carried out as a case study, and data were collected in two stages. In the first stage, individual interviews with some professors were carried out and group interviews (focus group) were done with other professors. In the second stage, questionnaires were applied to former and presentday students of Accountancy. The study showed that tem out of eighteen (55,56%) of the enterviewed professors had had some kind of previous preparation for teaching at the university, but only one of them was prepared by UEPG. It also showed that, out of the ten that had some previous preparation, three had gotten acquainted withpedagogical aspects only throught the discipline Higher Education Methodology in specialization courses; two others, besids this discipline, had also had a curse in pedagogical formation for the Ensino Médio . Two professors had taken a specific course in University Methodology, besides the already mentioned discipline; one had concluded the Magistério Course, andanother one, who had graduated in History, stated he had received pedagogical training there. The two data collecting techniques showed that 66,67% of the interviwed professors needed formation in the behavioral aspect, 72,22% needed didactic-pedagogical formation, and 100% needed general formation. As for the suggestions obtaind from the interviews, those offered by the professors were evasive and generic, while the students s were more objective and speci-fic / Esta pesquisa procurou identificar se os professores do Curso de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa tiveram algum tipo de formação ini-cial ou preparação prévia, para poderem iniciar suas carreiras como docentes do ensino superior, diagnosticar quais são as necessidades de formação dos professores, bem como, colher junto aos próprios professores e também aos acadêmicos e egressos do curso, as sugestões para suprir as necessidades identificadas. Para tanto, as necessidades diagnosticadas foram segregadas em três categorias: a) ne-cessidades de formação relacionadas à aspectos do conhecimento técnico; b) ne-cessidades de formação relacionadas à aspectos do conhecimento didático-pedagógico; e c) necessidades de formação relacionadas à aspectos comporta-mentais de cada professor. Este trabalho se fez necessário, à medida que o profes-sor representa um dos, senão o principal protagonista do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo que muitas vezes se torna professor por acaso, sem adquirir ou a ele ser fornecida uma formação ou preparação prévia para ingressar na docên-cia, logo identificar como se deu sua formação, bem como, diagnosticar as necessi-dades de formação dos professores representam o primeiro passo para instituir ações de desenvolvimento profissional e consequentemente buscar a melhoria do ensino da Contabilidade. Desta maneira, a pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estu-do de caso, onde os dados foram coletados em duas etapas, sendo que na primeira, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com alguns professores e entrevistas em grupo (focus group) com outros, e na segunda, foi aplicado um questionário aos acadêmicos e egressos do curso. Assim, ficou constatado que, dez entre dezoito (55,56%) dos professores investigados tiveram algum tipo de preparação prévia para iniciar na docência do ensino superior, sendo que, apenas um desses professores teve tal preparação ofertada pela UEPG, pois os demais assim a realizaram por ini-ciativa própria. Constatou-se também, que entre os dez professores que tiveram al-gum tipo de preparação prévia para iniciar a docência, três deles, tiveram contato com o aspecto pedagógico apenas na disciplina de Metodologia do Ensino Superior de cursos de Especialização, duas professoras além da disciplina citada, também concluíram curso de formação pedagógica destinado ao ensino médio, outras duas professoras, além da disciplina retro mencionada, também concluíram um curso es-pecífico em Metodologia do Ensino Superior, uma professora possui formação em nível médio, no extinto curso de Magistério e, um professor possui graduação no Curso de Licenciatura em História, onde afirmou receber formação pedagógica. Através de uma ou de outra técnica de coleta dos dados, utilizadas, constatou-se que referente ao aspecto relacionado ao conhecimento técnico, 66,67% dos profes-sores apresentaram necessidades de formação, no que diz respeito ao aspecto comportamental, 72,22% dos professores apresentaram necessidades de formação e, no que concerne ao aspecto didático-pedagógico, 100% dos professores apre-sentaram necessidades de formação. Quanto às sugestões oferecidas pelos pesqui-sados, percebeu-se que, de maneira geral as sugestões dos professores foram mais evasivas e genéricas, enquanto que, as sugestões apontadas pelos acadêmicos e egressos foram mais objetivas e específicas

Views on the nature and relevance of science education have changed significantly over recent decades. This has serious implications for the way in which science is taught in secondary schools, particularly with respect to teaching emerging topics such as biotechnology, which have a socio-scientific dimension and also require novel laboratory skills. It is apparent in current literature that there is a lack of adequate teacher professional development opportunities in biotechnology education and that a significant need exists for researchers to develop a carefully crafted and well supported professional development design which will positively impact on the way in which teachers engage with contemporary science. This study used a retrospective case study methodology to document the recent evolution of modern biotechnology education as part of the changing nature of science education; examine the adoption and implementation processes for biotechnology education by three secondary schools; and to propose an evidence based biotechnology professional development model for science educators. Data were gathered from documents, one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions. Analysis of these data has led to the proposal of a biotechnology professional development model which considers all of the key components of science professional development that are outlined in the literature, as well as the additional components which were articulated by the educators studied. This research is timely and pertinent to the needs of contemporary science education because of its recognition of the need for a professional development model in biotechnology education that recognizes and addresses the content knowledge, practical skills, pedagogical knowledge and curriculum management components.

Die Bedeutsamkeit von Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen für den Lehrerberuf ist vielfach empirisch untermauert (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy 2001), jedoch existiert in Deutschland bisher nur ein eindimensionales Instrument zur Messung von Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen (Schmitz & Schwarzer, 2000). Um der Kontextspezifität von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen (Bandura, 1997) gerecht zu werden, wurde für die vorliegende Studie ein multidimensionales Instrument der Messung von Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen entwickelt (MSLS) und in drei empirischen Studien eingesetzt. Das Instrument bildet die Bereiche Unterrichten, Leistungsbeurteilung, Diagnose von Lernvoraussetzungen, Kommunikation und Konfliktlösung sowie Coping ab.In der ersten empirischen Studie wurde analysiert, ob die multidimensionale Erfassung von Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen gegenüber einer eindimensionalen Erfassung Vorteile aufzeigt, sowie wie sich multidimensional erfasste Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen in der Lehrerbildung entwickeln. Außerdem wurde ein Instrument zur Messung Pädagogischen Professionswissens entwickelt und überprüft. In einer Querschnittsstudie (173 Studienanfänger, 27 fortgeschrittene Studierende, 38 Examenskandidaten, 19 Referendare) resultierten in der eindimensional erfassten Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeit keine Gruppenunterschiede. Diese zeigten sich jedoch bei der MSLS: in den Bereichen Unterrichten und Leistungsbeurteilung weisen die Studienanfänger die niedrigsten Erwartungen auf. Im Bereich Diagnose von Lernvoraussetzungen zeigen sich während des Studiums keine Unterschiede, diese Erwartung verringert sich jedoch bei den Referendaren. In den Bereichen Kommunikation und Konfliktlösung sowie Coping zeigen sich keine Unterscheide zwischen den befragten Gruppen. Das Pädagogische Professionswissen steigt über das Studium hin zum Referendariat an.Im Rahmen der zweiten Studie wurden die Veränderung und das Niveau von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen während der ersten praktischen Erfahrungen von Lehramtsstudierenden untersucht. Außerdem wurde der Zusammenhang von Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und der Persönlichkeit in diesem Kontext analysiert. An der Studie nahmen 91 Lehramtsstudierende teil. Die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen stiegen auf fast allen Subskalen über das Praktikum an. Extraversion, Verträglichkeit und Gewissenhaftigkeit sowie Neurotizismus zeigten Zusammenhänge zu Selbstwirk-samkeitserwartungen, jedoch waren diese Zusammenhänge nicht über die Subskalen konsistent. Außerdem zeigten Studierende, die mehr Unterstützung durch ihren Mentor erfuhren, höhere Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen.In der dritten empirischen Studie wurde die multidimensionale Skala der Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung an einer Stichprobe von Lehrkräften überprüft. In einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse mit 2 Gruppen (N = 348; Studierende und Lehrkräfte) und sechs Faktoren zeigten sich akzeptable Gütekriterien für die leicht überar-beitete Version. Die resultierenden sechs Subskalen bilden die Bereiche Coping, Kom-munikation und Konfliktlösung, Diagnose von Lernstörungen, Diagnose von Hochbe-gabung, Leistungsbeurteilung und Unterrichten ab. Eine hohe konvergente Validität des Instruments konnte für fünf der sechs Bereiche (eine Ausnahme bildet die Subskala Coping) nachgewiesen werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit macht deutlich, dass Lehrer-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen immer multidimensional erfasst werden sollten. Limitationen und Implikationen der empirischen Studien werden diskutiert.

The study seeks to examine the role of mentoring and how it could be used in the process of professional development of mathematical literacy teachers in the Greater Taung area. The study attempts to flag the importance of mentoring in professional development, especially for mathematical literacy teachers. To obtain data for the study sixteen mathematical literacy teachers from Taung area (within Ruth Mompati District) were purposively selected. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect relevant data. Literature review, based on previous studies on mentoring also provided data for the study. The following findings emerged from the study: a) that mentoring has over the years has been an effective process for developing early-career teachers’ practices b) that there are no formal mentoring programmes to assist mathematical literacy teachers in the Greater Taung area c) there is a need for effective communication between the mentor and the mentee, since the learning that takes place in a mentoring relationship is usually through regular interaction.From the findings, a collaborative form of mentoring is recommended.Both parties in this relationship are considered as a source of knowledge that can contribute to the learning that occurs within the context of mentoring. / Mathematics Education / Ph. D. (Mathematics Education)

Several misconceptions show up when learners answer questions on Chemical Equilibrium during examinations. Literature from other researchers shows similar trend of misconceptions (Johnstone, 2000; Morais, Paiva and Barros, 2007; Adesoji and Babatunde, 2008) for example, ‘apply pressure to the reactants’ (Johnstone, 2000). This shows that Chemistry has no meaning to these learners and they end up with misconceptions as they try to memorise facts in order to pass examinations. Learners are taught before writing these examinations, but how are they taught the concepts of Chemical Equilibrium? A descriptive approach was used on an exploratory survey conducted in Thohoyandou Cluster among Physical Science (Chemistry) FET band Educators. Cluster sampling of 40 educators from 18 randomly sampled schools responded to questionnaires. Five ‘well experienced’ educators who have been producing ‘good’ results at Grade 12 NSC examinations and two Physical Sciences subject advisors were interviewed. Using Spearman Brown Split-Half statistical method a 0,891 reliability coefficient was obtained. Research results show lack or under utilisation of laboratory equipment, teaching strategies which promote rote learning. Lack of confidence of educators due to deficiency in topic content knowledge and pedagogical skills which promote conceptual understanding were identified. Problem of English language leading to communication breakdown between educator-learners and between learner-subject leading to emergency of knowledge gaps in learners. Educators consider professional development through re-training and workshops on subject content matter and teaching strategies as the way forward to improve the quality of teaching. Topic specific PCK focusing on problem-solving strategy was recommended as a means to increasing educators’ efficiency in teaching and enhance learners’ comprehension and achievement in Physical Science. / Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Chemistry Education))

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