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This thesis applies a novel method of change detection, the Landsat Image Stack Trend Analysis method to the monitoring of retrogressive thaw slumps in the Richardson Mountains, NWT. This method represents a significant improvement upon previous methods of thaw slump monitoring, which utilized air photos and high-resolution satellite imagery. This method applies Tasseled Cap brightness, wetness and greenness indices to Landsat TM/ETM images acquired between 1985 and 2011 and analyzes the temporal change of each pixel for the different indices values. This method is useful in retrogressive thaw slump monitoring in two ways. First, by creating a map showing the linear change over time from 1985 to 2011, retrogressive thaw slumps can be easily identified, as they are more dynamic than the surrounding tundra. In total, 251 thaw slumps were identified within an area of roughly 18 000km2. Second, thaw slump activity, from initiation, growth and stabilization can be studied by plotting the annual vegetation index pixel values of adjacent pixels in a thaw slump. This method allows for the efficient extraction of annual thaw slump headwall retreat rates, provided the availability of cloud-free imagery. The retreat rates of 16 slumps were extracted, which were found to have an average annual retreat rate of 11.8 m yr-1.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-136). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29565

O presente trabalho experimental focaliza o tema \"compostos fenólicos no café\". Dentre estes compostos se destacam os flavonóides, os ácidos clorogênico, cafêico, cafeilquinico, e seus isômeros. Na pesquisa foram avaliados quantitativamente, por espectrofotometria UV/VIS, as espécies fenólicas presentes após extração e complexação em amostras de cafés (cascas e sementes) com grãos em vários estágios de maturação. Foram obtidos valores na faixa de 10-6 mol.L-1 para fenóis totais nas cascas e nos grãos. O método de extração aqui proposto tornou-se bastante viável, sendo possível sua aplicação com tempo de preparo de amostras secas para análise de cerca de 40 minutos. As evidências experimentais decorrentes dessa pesquisa sugerem que tais espécies fenólicas (anti-oxidantes) podem ser aproveitadas de um material que é descartado (a casca do café), sendo, portanto um grande benefício econômico para a sustentabilidade do cultivo do café. / This experimental work has focused the theme \"Phelonic Compound in Coffee Beans\". Among these compounds have been shown flavonoids species, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, caffeinic acid and their isomer. The phelonic species has presented after extraction and complexation from coffee samples (peels and beans) using coffee beans in different grown and developed process has been evaluated in quantitative research by using UV/VIS Spectrophotometry Values have been got about 10-6 mol.L-1 in peels and beans. The proposed extraction method has been not only viable but its use possible with preparing time of dried samples for analyses in about 40 minutes. The experimental evidence resulting from this research has proposed that such phenolic antioxidant species can be made a good use of discarded material (the peel of coffee beans) therefore a great economical benefit for sustainable coffee cultivation.

Orientadores: Éder Lima de Albuquerque, Paulo Sollero / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T22:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus_LuisJorgeMesquitade_M.pdf: 1796735 bytes, checksum: 6940006eed6b069648feb5d4a3761d3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma formulação do método dos elementos de contorno para o cálculo de deslocamentos em cascas abatidas de materiais compósitos laminados simétricos. A formulação desenvolvida baseia-se no acoplamento da formulação de elasticidade plana (formulação de membrana) e da formulação de placas finas (placas de Kirchhoff ou teoria clássica de placas). Os efeitos da curvatura são considerados como forças de corpo nas duas formulações, gerando integrais de domínio. Ambas as formulações utilizam soluções fundamentais da elasto-estática. As integrais de domínio provenientes de forças de corpo são transformadas em integrais de contorno usando o método da integração radial (MIR). No MIR duas funções de base radiais são usadas como funções de aproximação nas integrais de domínio ou de força de corpo, neste trabalho. O uso do MIR propicia que apenas o contorno seja discretizado. É feita uma análise da sensibilidade do MIR em relação ao número de pontos de integração. Os resultados numéricos apresentaram boa concordância com os resultados disponíveis na literatura / Abstract: This work presents a formulation of the boundary element method for the analysis of symmetric laminated composite shallow shells. The formulation developed in this work is based on the coupling of plane elasticity formulation (membrane formulation) and thin plate formulation (Kirchhoff plates or classical theory of plates). Curvature effects are considered as body forces in the formulation, generating domain integrals. Both formulations use elastostatic fundamental solutions. Domain integrals that come from body forces are transformed into boundary integrals using the radial integration method (RIM). In the RIM two radial basis functions are used as approximation functions in the domain integrals or body forces, in this research. The use of RIM propitiates just the boundary be discretized. It is analysed the sensibility of the RIM with the number of integration points. Numerical results show good agreement with results available in literature / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-02T11:27:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariacristinacardosodemendonca.pdf: 8315524 bytes, checksum: 5cb09e7f3009f401bfe32a402cc10858 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:47:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariacristinacardosodemendonca.pdf: 8315524 bytes, checksum: 5cb09e7f3009f401bfe32a402cc10858 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariacristinacardosodemendonca.pdf: 8315524 bytes, checksum: 5cb09e7f3009f401bfe32a402cc10858 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / O peeling de fenol é considerado um importante agente no tratamento do rejuvenescimento facial, porém sua utilização implica em limitações pelo seu grande potencial de efeitos colaterais. Com o avançar de novas técnicas, houve a introdução dos lasers na propedêutica dermatológica, técnica essa mais segura, porém com limitações tanto no pós-operatório quanto no custo de cada tratamento. O presente trabalho propõe uma nova técnica de aplicação do peeling profundo para tratamento do fotoenvelhecimento com o objetivo de avaliar clínica e histopatologicamente a eficácia de uma nova forma de aplicação de fenol 88%, com padrão pontuado. O procedimento foi realizado em ambiente ambulatorial, em pacientes do sexo feminino sobre rugas estáticas e áreas de maior flacidez da face, visando o rejuvenescimento facial, com acompanhamento fotográfico e obtenção de amostras cutâneas para análise histopatológica antes e ao final do tratamento. Essa nova forma de aplicação reduziu consideravelmente o afastamento do paciente de suas atividades habituais, além do baixo custo em relação ao procedimento convencional. De acordo com os resultados, o fenol a 88% aplicado topicamente com técnica pontuada é efetivo no rejuvenescimento cutâneo. Assim, sugerimos que, a partir desta nova proposta, outros estudos sejam realizados para melhor elucidar os mecanismos de ação do fenol 88%, em grupos maiores de pacientes. / Phenol peeling is considered an important agent in the treatment of facial rejuvenation; however, its use carries limitations due to its high potential for side effects. With the advance of new techniques, lasers were introduced into the dermatological workup, a technique that is safer, but with limitations both in post-operative terms and in the cost of each treatment. This paper proposes a new deep peeling application technique for the treatment of photoaging, aiming to evaluate, clinically and histopathologically, the efficacy of a new way of applying 88% phenol, using a punctuated pattern. The procedure was performed in an outpatient setting, with female patients, on static wrinkles and high flaccidity areas of the face, aiming for facial rejuvenation. Accompanying photographs and skin samples were taken for histopathological analysis before and after treatment. This new form of application considerably reduced patients' withdrawal from their regular activities, and lowered the cost as well, compared to the conventional procedure. According to the results, 88% phenol applied topically using a punctuated technique is effective in skin rejuvenation. We thus suggest, based on this new proposal, that further studies be conducted to better elucidate the action mechanisms of 88% phenol in larger groups of patients.

This thesis applies a novel method of change detection, the Landsat Image Stack Trend Analysis method to the monitoring of retrogressive thaw slumps in the Richardson Mountains, NWT. This method represents a significant improvement upon previous methods of thaw slump monitoring, which utilized air photos and high-resolution satellite imagery. This method applies Tasseled Cap brightness, wetness and greenness indices to Landsat TM/ETM images acquired between 1985 and 2011 and analyzes the temporal change of each pixel for the different indices values. This method is useful in retrogressive thaw slump monitoring in two ways. First, by creating a map showing the linear change over time from 1985 to 2011, retrogressive thaw slumps can be easily identified, as they are more dynamic than the surrounding tundra. In total, 251 thaw slumps were identified within an area of roughly 18 000km2. Second, thaw slump activity, from initiation, growth and stabilization can be studied by plotting the annual vegetation index pixel values of adjacent pixels in a thaw slump. This method allows for the efficient extraction of annual thaw slump headwall retreat rates, provided the availability of cloud-free imagery. The retreat rates of 16 slumps were extracted, which were found to have an average annual retreat rate of 11.8 m yr-1.

Orientador: Gláucia Maria Pastore / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T07:08:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_GustavoAraujo_M.pdf: 1768265 bytes, checksum: 651e1ab8aaa3bc75e27daed3b11df00e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a influência dos parâmetros de extração sólido-liquido e de enzimas fenoloxidases (peroxidase) na recuperação de compostos fenólicos a partir do pó da casca de banana liofilizada (CBL), bem como quantificar o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais (FT), flavonoides totais (CF) e a atividade antioxidante da CBL e do pó da polpa de banana liofilizada (PBL). A banana utilizada foi da variedade Prata no estágio 6 de maturação (casca totalmente amarela). Primeiramente, o estudo foi iniciado com a seleção dos parâmetros de extração (temperatura, agitação, solvente e relação sólido-líquido) por meio de um Delineamento Fracionado 24-1 e, em seguida, o método de Superfície de Resposta foi empregado para otimizar os principais fatores do processo de extração (relação sólido-líquido e solvente). A casca da banana apresentou elevada atividade da enzima peroxidase (POD), o que provocou a oxidação dos compostos fenólicos e a redução da capacidade antioxidante do extrato. As melhores condições para a extração de compostos fenólicos a partir da casca de banana foram: relação sólido-solvente de 2,5 g/100 mL (1:40), solvente etanol 54% (v/v etanol:água) e homogeneização com auxílio de Ultra Turrax por 30s a 11.000 rpm. O conteúdo de FT obtido com esse sistema de extração foi de 2,44 g EAG/100 g CBL. A casca de banana apresentou conteúdo de FT (2,44 g EAG/100 g CBL), CF (2,32 g EC/100 g CBL) e atividade antioxidante mensurada pelos métodos de DPPH (380,84 ?mol EQT/g CBL; IC50 = 71,74 ?g/mL), TEAC (325,84 ?mol EQT/g CBL) e ORACFL (ORAC Total = 994,33 ?mol EQT/g CBL) maiores do que a polpa de banana (FT = 0,25 g EAG/100 g PBL; CF = 0,21 g EC/100g PBL; DPPHIC50 = 690,97 ?g/mL; TEAC = 11,05 ?mol EQT/g PBL; ORAC Total = 80,16 ?mol EQT/g PBL). A banana é uma das frutas mais produzidas no mundo, e devido ao seu elevado consumo e abundância pode ser considerada uma importante fonte de compostos antioxidantes. Finalmente, por meio deste estudo foi possível verificar que a polpa e a casca de banana apresentam compostos fenólicos antioxidantes. Mais estudos devem ser realizados para verificar a influência do consumo desse / Abstract: The objective of the present work was to study the influence of solid-liquid extraction parameters and phenoloxidases enzymes in the recovery of phenolic compounds from freeze-dried banana peel powder (BPP), as well as to quantify the total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (FC) and antioxidant activity of BPP and freeze-dried banana pulp powder (BPU). The banana Prata variety was utilized in 6th stage of ripening (fully yellow peel). First of all, the study started with the selection of the extraction parameters (temperature, agitation, solvent and solid-liquid ration) through factionary design (24-1). Subsequently, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the main parameters of the extraction process (solid-liquid ration and solvent). The banana peel showed high peroxidase activity (POD), which led the oxidation of phenolic compounds and the decrease of antioxidant activity of the extract. The best conditions for the extraction of phenolic compound from BPP were solid-liquid ration of 2.5 g/100 mL (1:40), solvent ethanol 54% (v/v ethanol:water) and homogenization using Politron at 11.000 rpm for 30 s. The total phenolic content obtained whit this extraction system was 2.44 g GAE/100 g BPP. The banana peel showed TPC (2.44 g GAE/100 g BPP), FC (2.32 g CE/100 g BPP), and antioxidant activity measured by DPPH (380.84 ?mol TE/g BPP; IC50 = 71.74 ?g/mL), TEAC (325.84 ?mol TE/g BPP) and ORACFL (ORAC Total = 994.33 ?mol TE/g BPP) methods higher than banana pulp (TPC = 0.25 g GAE/100 g BPU; FC = 0.21 g CE/100 g BPU; DPPHIC50 = 690.97 ?g/mL; TEAC = 11.05 ?mol TE/g BPU; ORAC Total = 80.16 ?mol TE/g BPU). The banana is one of the most produced and consumed fruit in the entire world and can be considered as an important source of natural antioxidants. In this sense, this study was to possible found that banana pulp and peel have phenolic compounds with antioxidants properties. More studies should be performed to verify the relationship between banana consumption and human health. Furthermore, research addressing the use of the banana peel by food and pharmaceutical and medical industries. fruto tropical na saúde do corpo humano e também pesquisas abordando o uso da casca na indústria de alimentos e no desenvolvimento de novos produtos / Mestrado / Ciência de Alimentos / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

A big concern when painting surfaces is the unevenness of the surface texture that is created by the paint. This is a well known problem for the automotive industry, referred to as The Orange Peel Effect, creating a surface texture like that of an orange. This project aims to answer if the currently used Wave Scan could be replaced with the new Optimap to measure the Orange Peel Effect. A standardized measurement of this Orange Peel Effect are the N1 and N3 values, calculated through the BMW-Ford-scale and used by Volvo Trucks. In the first part of this report five models are created and evaluated to make the measurements from the new Optimap comparable with the currently used Wave Scan. In this report it is shown that N1 and N3 could be estimated such that hat(N1) = 2, 551813 + 0, 018900 ∗ Tb + 0, 089610 ∗ Td hat(N3) = 3, 862056 − 0, 014959 ∗ Tb + 0, 019958 ∗ Tc + 0, 067837 ∗ Td where Tb,Tc and Td are measurements from Optimap. By replacing Wave Scan with Optimap Volvo Trucks would be able to measure underlying layers like the matte base coat. Volvo suspects that the underlying layers could affect the top coats surface structure. If this is true it could then be further investigated and in turn optimized. This first part is modelled using measurements from plates which are painted with the truck cabs. These plates are measured with both tools and 110 paired measurements are used for the modelling. The variance is analyzed using another set of 24 plates with 6 replicates each, yielding 144 paired masurements. The two tools measures significantly differently for different wave lengths. Some of Optimaps measurements are also significantly different between the replicates of the same plate. The second part of this project is to evaluate the effect that the base coat has on the end product surface structure. Volvo Trucks is interested in the trends over time in the orange peel. This is done using data acquired from the production line, with truck cabs measured with base coat applied and cabs with top coat applied. Does the base coat follow the same trends? The result is that, due to lack of paired data, not enough evidence is found to either support nor reject the hypothesis that the base coat affects the end products surface texture. A significant difference between the different base coats is found. This is discussed and taken into account in the third part. The third part consists of a recommendation to Volvo Trucks on how to use the Optimap and further investigate the possible predictors of orange peel. This recommendation mainly focuses on reducing the number of variables. This could be done with only one type of top coat painted on the different base coats, using the same type of base surface for every measurement. The surface could then be measured before and after the top coat is applied to aquire paired data. This could be done in a laboratory in small-scale, and depending on the outcome more experiments could be constructed. In future studies one can investigate one of the base coats further. The same experiment could then be done with different alternations of one base coat instead of using several.

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