The main objective of this thesis is comparing financial products of retirement funds in the Czech market.

My diploma thesis deals with the introduction and analysis of the NDC system (Notional Defined Contribution). I devote myself to pension system in the Czech Republic too. The diploma thesis provides informations on individual elements of the NDC system and its financial sustainability. In the theoretical part I deal with the pension systems in general and with states that have already introduced the NDC system. In the practical part I deal with the pension system of the Czech Republic in according to the questionnaire. I try to evaluate whether the NDC system is advantageous for the Czech Republic.

This thesis deals with analysis of pensions system of European Union with the focus on demographic development and situation on labour market. It deals with historic development of pension systems and various classifications of these systems. Consequently, it looks into theoretical advantages of PAYG systems and fund-schemes in terms of demographic development and labour market. In the empirical part, this thesis analyzes choosen pension scheme of European Union in the criteria of social security, financial sustainability and microeconomic efficiency. The results of the analysis imply that the Netherlands' pension scheme might be the best, because it performed well in all criteria. The work is then trying to answer the question, whether the fund-scheme is better than PAYG system when it comes to meeting the challenges of ageing population. This thesis finds little evidence that the fund-scheme could cope better with the challenges than the PAYG system and therefore this thesis concludes that fund-scheme is not a solution to the demographic development.

nÃo hà / Este estudo trata da solvÃncia do Regime PrÃprio da PrevidÃncia Social do Estado do Cearà (RPPS), um sistema que invariavelmente necessita de aportes financeiros pÃblicos para pagar os seus aposentados e pensionistas. O estudo utilizou modelos economÃtricos para avaliar a sustentabilidade do regime previdenciÃrio no perÃodo de 2003 a 2012, com dados bimestrais coletados dos RelatÃrios Resumidos da ExecuÃÃo OrÃamentÃria. Os resultados mostram que de acordo com o modelo utilizado a dÃvida contraÃda pela previdÃncia no estado do Cearà à insolvente. / This article studies the solvency of the Social Security System in Cearà State, a system invariably requires public financial contributions to pay their retirees. The study is based in econometric models to measure the sustainability between 2003- 2012 years, with bimonthly data collected from the RelatÃrio Resumido da ExecuÃÃo OrÃamentÃria. The results demonstrate that the debt incurred by âcearenseâ pension system is technically insolvent, based in econometric models used.

A national pension system, like most large government policies, does many things, some of which involve governing the population and steering citizens in certain directions. This study, on the transformation of Sweden’s national pension system, sheds light on who the actors involved at different sites and levels in the policy process are, what they do, and how they do it. By mapping out the policy process - and the actors, practices and technologies involved - the workings of new forms of governance come into focus. Of particular interest is the way policy-making works as a governing tool in the contemporary Swedish welfare state. On a broader level, this study is concerned with how new forms of governance may alter the roles of, as well as affect the relationship between, state and citizen. At the core of the study are the new forms of governance that are being brought forward in contemporary welfare state restructuring in which the logic, language and practices of the market are given increased salience also within the realm of government. Sweden’s new national pension system is seen as a ‘political technology’ with the power to transform society through its subjects; the citizens. The study shows how a set of interconnected technologies within the construction of the new national pension scheme brings about processes of both depoliticization and responsibilization. Anthropological fieldwork was carried out among politicians, experts, technocrats, bureaucrats, government information personnel as well as among ‘ordinary’ citizens in an attempt to study ‘all the way through’ a policy process with significance to the ongoing transformation of the Swedish welfare state.

Abstract This study used policy argument analysis method to analyze pension policy development in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, based on the perspective of simple democratic model to discuss the influence of democratization¡¦s influence on East-Asia social welfare policy. The conclusion of this study shows that global economic competition help to promote the pension systems that encourage workfare. The research result also meets to those former researches conclusions of East Asian Productivtist Welfare Regime. In the other hand, due to highly politic at party competition and vivid development of civil society, however, governments of Taiwan and Singapore have compromised to consolidate and increase their pension policies. Conversely, Hong Kong, due to politics-led government, there was the most unequal distributing condition in its pension policy. In the cases of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, we have found the influence of democratic development on welfare policy in a globalization era is meaningful. According to the conclusion of this research, democratic development should be define as a key factor of welfare regime typology in East Asia, to differentiate divergent types of states of East Asian productivitist regime. And two key points of democratization¡¦s influence in East Asia should be noticed: 1. Legal freedom of expression and publication can make social welfare issues to be disputatious in the civil society. 2. Party competition will lead social security plans to be realized, because of the desires of politicians to win votes. Keywords: simple democratic model, pension system, provident fund, East-Asia welfare regime.

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the transformation of the Turkish welfare regime in the framework of the social security reforms and the effect of the individual pension system on both this transformation and women&rsquo / s welfare considering the gender gap in retirement. While there is a growing literature on Turkey&rsquo / s social security reform, there are only few studies on the gender dimension of social security and the gender effects of the reform. This study aims to contribute to this literature by examining the gender gap in recently introduced individual pension system (2003) in Turkey from a sociological perspective. The literature review focuses mainly on Esping-Andersen&rsquo / s welfare regime typology and its critics to categorize the current welfare regime of Turkey. The Southern European welfare regimes are examined particularly to construct a theoretical framework for the Turkish welfare regime and its transformation. Furthermore, the literature on gender inequality and social security is examined to discuss the gender gap in private pension systems. This thesis based upon some statistical and actuarial analyses to explore the gender gap. By using &lsquo / actual data&rsquo / the effects of some sociodemographic and socio-economic factors on the participation and the contribution rate to the individual pension system are examined. Besides, gender gap in benefits that arise from the defined contribution schemes in a serious of projection using a stochastic actuarial model is analyzed. The study is supported by the interviews made with three experts and decision makers about these issues.

Prior to the implementation of Labor Retirement Act (hereinafter referred to as New System), the Labor Retirement System is mainly governed by Labor Standard Act (hereinafter referred to as Previous System) . However, since the implementation of Retirement System under Labor Standard Act, it has been under long term controversy. In order to improve the discrepancy of previous system, the Retirement System under Labor Standard Act, Council for Labor Affairs has proposed quite a number of drafts for amendment. After years of endeavor, it was finally reached consensus in improvement and established new labor retirement system, which is based mainly on Personal Account of Pension System and assisted by Income Replacement program. It was passed in Legislative Yuan on June 11, 2004, the Labor Retirement Act (New System) and officially enforced on July 1, 2005. However, it was expected that there will be many problems emerged in the initial stage of implementation. In this paper, we focused on the Labor Retirement New System and explained with other related administrative statutory are used as assistance. Also the basic theory of Administrative Act ¡V Principle of Administration, Administration Organization, Administrative Authorities, Administrative Remedies and Administrative Supervision ¡V the 5 main structure are used as the research methodology to examine the possible problem in new labor retirement system and tried to form possible measures for solutions.

Pirmoje disertacijos dalyje analizuojami pensijų sistemų teoriniai aspektai ir atlikta pensijų sistemų reformų prielaidų analizė. Šioje dalyje nagrinėjama pensijų sistemos samprata ir terminologinės problemos, atlikta socialinės apsaugos koncepcijų ir jų pokyčių analizė, analizuojamos pensijų sistemų klasifikacijos, atlikta pensijų sistemų reformų prielaidų ir pensijų sistemų tobulinimo krypčių analizė. Antroje disertacijos dalyje atlikta Europos Sąjungos valstybių bei Lietuvos pensijų sistemos modelių analizė ir pensijų sistemų valdymo Europos Sąjungos valstybėse bei Lietuvoje tendencijų analizė. Trečioje dalyje aprašoma tyrimo metodika, analizuojami pensijų sistemų modeliavimo rezultatai ir Lietuvos kaupiamosios pensijų sistemos reformos eigos bei pasekmių tyrimo rezultatai. Disertaciją užbaigia tyrimo rezultatų aptarimas, išvados ir siūlymai. Disertacijos pabaigoje pateikiamas naudotos literatūros sąrašas, autoriaus mokslinių publikacijų sąrašas ir priedai. / The first part of the dissertation presents the analysis of theoretical aspects of pension systems and the analysis of the preconditions of pension system reforms. In this part the pension system conceptions and terminological problems were defined, the analysis on changes of social protection conceptions was carried out and different pension system classifications were analysed. The analysis on pension system preconditions and improvement tendencies of the pension system management were accomplished as well. The second part of the dissertation deals with the analysis of pension system models and management tendencies both in the European Union states and in Lithuania. The third part of the dissertation presents the description of the methodology of the research, the analysis of the modelling results and the empirical research of the consequences of Lithuanian funded pension system reform. The dissertation closes with conclusions and proposals, a bibliography, a list of publications published by the author and annexes.

Šiame darbe atliekamas reformuotos lietuvos pensijų sistemos modeliavimas ir tyrimas. Tiek modeliavimui tiek tyrimui naudojamas C++ Builder programavimo kalba autoriaus sukurtas įrankis, leidžiantis pasirinkti pageidaujamą scenarijų. Prognozavimas 40 metų į priekį realizuotas neuroniniais tinklais. Remiantis sukurtojo įrankio modeliavimo rezultatais, palyginamos pirmoji ir antroji pensijų sistemos pakopos bei padaromos išvados. / In this work we will analyze is voluntary saving pension insurance effective or not. Also we will analyze the situation of this insurance nearly 40 years. The data which is need to perform this analyze we will forecast from having statistical data and using neural networks. We will also create a multifunction program in C++ Builder programming language, to perform all mentioned task. According to the program count results we will compare the first and the second pillar of the Lithuanian pension system, and do findings.