Bakgrund: Existentiella frågor som rör meningen med livet, friheten (att göra sina val i livet), existentiell isolering och döden kan bli aktuella när en människa möter en krissituation i livet nära döden. Exempel på när sådana krissituationer kan uppstå är när patienter befinner sig i livets slutskede inom palliativ vård. Sjuksköterskor kommer att möta patienter med dödliga sjukdomar och samtalsämnen som rör existentiella frågor kan då bli aktuella. Detta i sin tur ställer krav på sjuksköterskor att kunna möta patienternas behov av att samtala om dessa frågor. Hur sjuksköterskor förhåller sig i samtalssituationer till sina patienter är av betydelse för välbefinnandet eller frånvaron av den hos de döende människorna. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att samtala med patienter i palliativ vård om existentiella frågor. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio originalartiklar inom vårdvetenskap. Systematiska databassökningar har genomförts. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten som användes var Joycee Travelbees vårdteori om mellanmänskliga relationer och kommunikation. Resultat: Fyra teman utvecklades och dessa var: Sjuksköterskors färdigheter och erfarenheter av samtal med tre underteman som sjuksköterskors uppfattning av existentiella frågor, aktivt lyssnande och timing. Det andra temat behandlade de existentiella samtalens innehåll. Temat berör samtal om liv och död men även vardagliga samtal med koppling till existentiella frågor, summeringen av livet och de livsval som gjorts. Det tredje temat beskrev sjuksköterskors sårbarhet och belyser hur sjuksköterskorna påverkas av samtalen med patienterna. Det fjärde temat handlar om faktorer som påverkar de existentiella samtalen med tre underteman tidsbrist, miljöns betydelse och betydelsen av stöd från kollegor. Diskussion: Att möta patienters behov av existentiella samtal kräver färdigheter i att lyssna och att samtala. Sjuksköterskan måste också väga in patienters vilja och önskan att samtala om dessa ämnen för det krävdes också av sjuksköterskan en förmåga att förstå och tolka behovet hos patienten vilket kunde vara ledtrådar om andligt eller existentiellt lidande. Travelbee visar på att det finns ett ömsesidigt skapande i den mellanmänskliga relationen men att sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar för att etablera och underhålla relationen dem emellan. I samtalet är det aktiva lyssnandet en viktig färdighet vilket bereder möjligheter till personcentrerad förståelse av patienters erfarenheter och ståndpunkter. Timing handlade om en förmåga att vid rätt tillfälle tillvarata de stunder som patienten ville samtala. / Background: Existential issues concerning the meaning of life, freedom (to make choices in life), existential isolation, and death can be encountered when a person faces a crisis in life close to death. An example of when such a crisis might occur is when patients are in the final stages of life in palliative care. Nurses will encounter patients with fatal diseases and topics related to existential questions can then be discussed. This in turn requires nurses to meet the patient´s needs to discuss these issues. How nurses relate to these situations as well as their attitudes are important when considering the well-being or lack or well-being when a patient is dying. Aim: To highlight nurses' experiences of talking with patients in palliative care about existential issues. Method: A systematic literature review was carried out including ten original articles in health care sciences. Joycee Travelbee´s care theory of interpersonal relationships and communication was used as the theoretical frame work. Result: Four main themes were developed these were: Nurses' knowledge and skills of conversation with the sub- themes of perception of existential questions, active listening and timing. The second theme dealt with the existential content of the conversations. The theme concern issues on life and death, but also everyday conversations related to existential issues, the summation of life and choices made in life. The third theme described the nurses' vulnerability which highlights how nurses are influenced in dialogue with the patients. The fourth theme is about factors that affect existential conversations with three sub-themes: lack of time, importance of the environment and support from the colleagues. Discussion: To meet patient needs of existential conversations requires nursing skills in listening and talking. The nurse must also take into account patients' willingness to talk about these topics, which required the nurse´s ability to understand and interpret the needs of the patient, which could be clues to spiritual or existential suffering. Travelbee show that there is a mutual establishment of the interpersonal relationship, but the nurse is responsible for establishing and maintaining the relationship between them. In the conversation active listening is an important skill which prepares opportunities for a more person-centered understanding of the patients' experiences. Timing is about the ability to capture the right moments when the patients want to talk.

This thesis studies people’s sensory perceptions of historic architecture, exploring the physical triggers for such experience, and connecting these with what can and should be maintained through building conservation. Sensory design is a developing field in architecture. The research argues that this approach can inform people’s understanding of the architectural experience of historic buildings, which in current discourse are predominantly considered for their associated ‘cultural significances’. People’s affinity to (historic) buildings is initiated by a response through the senses. This research advocates that establishing the triggers for such sensory response should be the main focus of the initial assessment of a building for conservation. From the review of changing approaches to building conservation, and exploration of sensory perception and sensory design, the research concludes people’s experiential perceptions have not been structurally considered in the appraisal of historic buildings. The methodology entailed the empirical development of a suitable assessment format, through performing initial on-site surveys that generated data to be added to those of a final sensory assessment, covering three buildings. Buildings were assessed according to Gibson’s sensory systems of visual, auditory, haptic, olfactory/gustatory and orientational perception, as well as with a comprehensive multisensory focus. Evidence from the data retrieved through this research indicates that the sensory assessment is a useful, informative and exciting addition to any architectural survey in building conservation practice. Such rich information will provide guidance and clarity to decision processes, to assist in retaining the affinity as the building’s physical relevance for the future. The research makes an original contribution to knowledge through the combination of two areas of study; through the application of sensory perception to understand historic buildings; and, in demonstrating that a sensory assessment has true potential as a suitable approach to the issue in practice.

As living beings, seaweeds exist at the periphery of people’s awareness, and not much is known about what they mean to people, and the relationships we can have with them. They are useful, versatile commodities, and multitask as foodstuffs for people and other beings, as sources of biofuel and medicinal compounds, and the list goes on... but, what else? This work seeks to shed light on the kinds of relations that people can have with seaweeds when relationships of use are purposefully bracketed out, in order to understand their social and symbolic worlds. To this end, during the months of November through January, the author discussed the perceptions of seaweeds with the neighbours of the area of Loch Hourn, a sea-loch (fjord) in the western seaboard of the Scottish Highlands, and some other nearby townships. The present study interlaces participant observation nuanced by the winter and the weather, and interviews, to explore how, through relations of biosociality, companionship, awareness and interanimation of the environment, alternative configurations of knowing, Gaelic tradition, symbolism, and hope, seaweeds embody different aspects of the meaning of‘sanctuary’.

In this thesis I present and defend an interpretation of Kant’s theory of experience as it stands from the viewpoint of his empirical realism. My central contention is that Kant’s is a conception of everyday experience, a kind of immediate phenomenological awareness as of empirical objects, and although he takes this to be representational, it cannot itself amount to empirical knowledge because it can be non-veridical, because in such experience it is possible to misrepresent the world. I outline my view in an extended introduction. In Part I I offer a novel interpretation of Kant’s doctrine of sensibility and sensation. Utilizing a data-processor schematic as an explanatory framework, I give an account of how outer sense, as a collection of sensory capacities, is causally affected by empirical objects to produce bodily state sensations that naturally encode information about those objects. This information is then processed through inner sense to present to the understanding a manifold of mental state sensations that similarly encode information. I also give accounts of how the reproductive imagination operates in hallucination to produce sensible manifolds in lieu of current causal affection, and of the restricted role that consciousness plays at this low level of cognitive function. In Part II I turn to the role of the understanding in experience. I offer a two-stage model of conceptual synthesis and explain how Kant’s theory of experience is a unique blend of conceptualist and non-conceptualist elements. I show that it explains how our experience can provide us with reasons for belief while at the same time accounting for the fact that experience is what anchors us to the world. Finally, I return to non-veridical experience. I confront recent naïve realist readings of Kant and argue that, for Kant, the possibility of non-veridicality is built into the very nature of the human mind and the way it relates to the world.

This thesis deals with the theme of teaching music lessons at the upper primary schools. The theoretical part of the thesis contains a chapter dealing with the paedagogy of music as a theoretical basis for music education. The following chapters provide resources for music education and problems of psychological aspects of music-related activities. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to a concrete music lesson. The practical part introduces individual teachers and students, giving their view of teaching music and bringing their opinions on particular goals solved.

This thesis addresses the Virtual Reality (VR) as an efficient communication process, furtheremphasizes on the importance of Haptic Feedback in Virtual Reality applications. HapticFeedback plays a pivotal role in Virtual Reality simulations by enhancing users’ interactivityand immersion. Considering the human perceptions and experiences in line with technology isextremely significant for an effective Virtual Reality. The aim of this research is to study theperceptions and experiences of human participants about Virtual Reality applications,importance of Haptic Feedback, and to explore the advantages and limitations of suchapplications. The need to integrate Haptic Feedback in today’s Virtual Reality applications, andits advantages were emphasized. In order to acquire in-depth understanding of user’sperceptions and experiences about Virtual Reality as a communication process, a qualitativecase study was employed in this study with interpretive research approach and purposefulsampling. After interviewing the selective participants, the outcomes of the study would be toconsider Virtual Reality as an effective communication medium and to propose improvementplans for IKEA VR Experience with Haptic Feedback. Based on the outcomes of this study,organizations can strive towards providing richer Virtual Reality experience to their customersin the years to come.

This study examines whether and how art, through its capacity for transformation, can promote empathy, provide insight into built-in prejudices and open up for new perspectives. The thesis analyzes three works of art: the film Love is the Message, the Message is Death, by Arthur Jafa, Go Gone, a textile sculpture group by Moa Israelsson and Modern sovande, a painting by Åke Göransson. In order to broaden the research material, in addition to the artworks, three projects at three different art institutions are examined, all of which treat empathy and art in different ways. These are: Center for Empathy and Visual Art (CEVA) at the Minneapolis Art Institute, Civic Wellness program, Art Institute of Chicago and In the mirror of the wonder of Luca Giordano, Art Perception, Florence. The study's theoretical framework is based on affect theory and empathy theory in aesthetics. The thesis applies an affect-based model as a method for the analysis of the works of art; the examination of the projects takes place through a description of each project's structure, implementation and outcome. This is presented through a schedule for each project. Main questions are: Can art of various kinds, by virtue of its own being, open up new perspectives, make prejudice visible and lead to the promotion of empathy? Can artists, curators and institutions such as museums, create a method to channel the ability of art? Can the thoughts a work of art includes and which take shape and permanence in the public space, lead to action? The study is based on, among other things, Gilles Deleuze’s thoughts about art's ability to release forces that are not themselves visible, as well as in Gustav Jørgen Pedersen's ideas about pictorial thinking – the paradox of wanting to paint what cannot be seen. Jill Bennett's ideas about exhibitions that function as affectively charged spaces, that is, the affective intensities released in the work of art are social and not something intrinsic and private, are also relevant to the study's reasoning. The study shows how the artist's ability to bring out a bodily dimension, a sense of presence – the ability to paint what cannot be seen– is crucial to what the work of art itself can do. The study also shows that it is fruitful to try to create environments through exhibitions, affective charged spaces, where the intention is to try to lead the visitors' attention towards a targeted goal.

Introduction: the playing of massively multiplayer online role - playing games (MMORPG) has been connected with computer technologies for few years. Despite the fact that the addiction on online role playing game is not officially in MKN - 10, it takes after gaming disorder following place within behavioral addictions. Aim: the main aim of the work was to describe the perception of subjective experience of gamers playing online games. Research questions regarded types of experience of gamers, incidence of addiction behavior, gamers differences in experience with and without addiction symptoms. Final question concerned gamers ability to be aware of addiction behavior. Methods and sample: the intentional sampling was used to obtain participants, including snow ball method through informants. Subsequently semistructured interviews were carried out. All participants filled out the record sheet showing sociodemographic data and questionairre of online gaming addiction. The research group consist of 9 participants, their mean gaming time was 15 hours per week, the participants ranged in age from 17 to 40 years. Results: from the interviews taken a few themes emerged. Subjective gamer's experience were positive and negative, positive dominated by most of gamers. In context of experience, the majority...

This master s degree dissertation is an ethnographic study carried in the Clínica de Nefrologia de Sergipe with fifteen people that accomplish Renal Replacement Therapy type hemodialysis. It s presented an anthropological approach of the theme, focusing the experiences private and collective of those subjects in the clinic daily. Starting from the phenomenological perspective, the present subjective aspects in the established relationships during the treatment were discussed, as their expectations of the possibility of transplants, taking as backdrop the current donation and transplant framework in Sergipe State. Typical difficulties of this boundary condition that put them between body and machine, life and death were explored. The perspective of the corporeality has allowed the identification and understanding of hemodialysis experience dimensions in multiple senses. The world vision and the ethos of the people in treatment can contribute to divest hemodialysis of the sense of personal tragedy and incorporate it as a lifestyle. / Esta dissertação de mestrado é um estudo etnográfico realizado na Clínica de Nefrologia de Sergipe junto a quinze pessoas que realizam Terapia Renal Substitutiva do tipo hemodiálise. Apresenta-se uma abordagem antropológica do tema, focalizando as experiências particulares e coletivas dos sujeitos no cotidiano da clínica. A partir da perspectiva fenomenológica, focalizei os aspectos subjetivos presentes nas relações estabelecidas durante o tratamento. Analiso também suas expectativas em relação à possibilidade de transplantes tomando como pano de fundo dessa discussão o quadro atual de doações e transplantes em Sergipe. Perscrutei as dificuldades típicas desta condição liminar que os coloca entre o corpo e a máquina, a vida e a morte. A perspectiva da corporeidade permitiu a identificação e compreensão das dimensões da experiência da hemodiálise com seus múltiplos sentidos. A visão de mundo e o ethos das pessoas em tratamento podem contribuir para desvincular a hemodiálise do sentido de tragédia pessoal e incorporá-la como estilo de vida.

The perception of an action and its production are inextricably linked. This entails that, during development, the skills that children are able to perform influence their perception of others\\\'' actions. The present dissertation aimed to investigate the role of children’s experience on the perception of actions in three distinctive areas: manual actions performed by one person (individual action), manual actions performed by two people (joint action), and a conversation between two people. In order to succeed in each of the three areas, children have to acquire new skills and do so successively during their first three years of life. The methodological approach of this work was to measure the gaze behaviour of children, aged 6 months to 3 years, and adults during the observation of visually presented actions, which provided information on whether they were able to anticipate action goals. The findings obtained generally show an influence of experience on the anticipation of action goals in each of the three areas. First, a link between action and perception is not established as soon as an action emerges. There is at least some experience necessary for its development. Second, infants with no coordinated joint-action skills themselves anticipate the goals of joint action less well than those of individual action. Adults with considerable joint-action skills anticipate both equally well. And third, the course of a conversation can only be reliably anticipated by children aged 3 years and adults, whereas younger children shift their gaze between speakers randomly. Furthermore, only at the age of 3 years, did intonation support children’s anticipation of conversations.