Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) have alternatively been portrayed as a promising tool to improve the functioning of welfare systems, or as an instrument of neoliberalism that threatens to undermine them. Recently, a more nuanced understanding of the promises as well as pitfalls of SIBs has developed, as both practical experiences and published empirical evidence about implemented SIBs have increased in number. We aim to contribute to the development of such an understanding by means of a combination of qualitative and quantitative text analysis. In doing so, we analyse a comprehensive sample of 51 practitioner reports on SIBs. We identify two key paradoxes of SIBs. These paradoxes centre on statements that cannot both hold true for the very same SIB: (1) flexible but evidence-based services and (2) cost-saving risk transfer to private investors. We conclude by discussing how those paradoxes have been resolved in existing SIBs so far, which strategies of de-paradoxification may turn out paramount in future, and how positive aspects of SIBs can be preserved while defusing their more problematic ones.

No cenário onde a concorrência assume escalas globais e posturas cada vez mais agressivas, as empresas são forçadas a fornecerem para seus clientes, além de preços adequados, produtos/serviços com melhores níveis de qualidade, rapidez de entrega, estética, leque de opções, dentre outras. Neste sentido, as organizações precisam contemplar estas dimensões competitivas para o desenvolvimento e entrega de seus produtos/serviços.Consequentemente, seus sistemas de medição de desempenho também precisam refletir esta mudança, fornecendo informações mais adequadas para suportar o gerenciamento do negócio. Neste contexto, esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar uma sistemática para desenvolver indicadores de desempenho, visando suportar esta nova postura estratégica. Na condução do presente estudo foi adotado o método de pesquisa-ação. O princípio básico que guiou esta escolha foi o refinamento, por meio de discussões com o meio empresarial, de importantes idéias que orbitam no meio acadêmico sobre medição de desempenho. Esta interação permitiu elaborar uma metodologia consistente com as necessidades da era pós Produção em Massa. Valorização da visão sistêmica/contingencial, atenção dos interesses dos stakeholders, envolvimento dos usuários durante o desenvolvimento dos indicadores, estratégias para a transformação de dados em informação, foram importantes contribuições que surgiram desta interação e que acabaram incorporadas na sistemática.Uma experimentação da proposta foi apresentada, baseada no estudo de uma organização industrial. Objetivou-se ilustrar o modelo, não havendo a pretensão de validá-lo. / The global industrial scenario, wherein concurrence assumes a growing aggressive standing, companies are pushed up to deliver their customers beyond appealing prices, more accurate products/services and higher levels of deliverance effectiveness, esthetics, and options guide. Consequently, the companies' performance measurement systems shall reflect such change, being capable of providing more accurate information, in order to support the business management. Within this context, this study aims presenting a systematic approach for performance indicators development, to support this new strategic standing.For conducting this study, the action-research method was adopted. The driving basic principle is related to the need of constant improvement, by means of recurrent workshops within the industrial environment, of academic concepts that spin around performance measurement. Such opportunity of interaction provided the chance of setting up a methodology, which showed itself coherent with the post "Mass Production Era". The systemic/contingent view, the stakeholders interests, users involvement during the indicators development, and strategies for transforming data into information were important contribution that came up from this interaction, whose were finally incorporated within the proposed approach.An experimentation of the proposal is presented, based on the study of a industrial organization. It was aimed the model's illustration ,without purposes of validating it.

A medição de desempenho é estratégica para as organizações. Este estudo de caso investiga as medidas de desempenho do sistema nacional de transplantes, baseando-se na regional interior de São Paulo, focalizando uma equipe de transplante de fígado. Usa entrevistas abertas e análise de documentos para levantar evidências. Conclui que há carência de um conjunto sistemático de indicadores que auxilie a equipe a melhorar o desempenho logístico. Embora todos os membros reconheçam a importância da logística, faltam indicadores logísticos específicos para monitoramento de processos. A equipe acompanha um conjunto de indicadores de resultado como usual na área da medicina, focados no bem estar dos pacientes. Como alternativa, este trabalho analisa um conjunto de indicadores propostos por auditoria externa, notando que os indicadores propostos ainda são de resultado e não contribuem para a melhoria das funções e processos de transplante. / Performance measurement is strategic for organizations. This case study researches logistics performance measure of brazilian national transplant system, based on countryside regional of São Paulo state, focused in liver transplant team. It uses open interviews and document analysis. It finds out there is no systematic set of indicators that helps the team to improve logistics performance. Although all members recognize logistics importance, there are no specific logistic indicators for monitoring processes. A set of resulting indicators is followed up, as usual in medical area, all of them focused in welfare-state of patients. Alternatively, this work analyses a set of indicators just proposed to the organization by a external audition, realizing that the new indicators don´t contribute to function and processes improvement.

Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T20:37:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giusti_WyldsCarlos_D.pdf: 8566454 bytes, checksum: 33c2fa4e061a1ba0cf5b8c41db5aef96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste trabalho procurou-se desenvolver um sistema que tem por objetivo o controle de processos para viabilização de objetivos estratégicos. Para isto é necessário conhecer a missão da empresa, no cenário em que atua, detalhamento dos objetivos para cumprimento dessa missão, escolha dos processos mais ligados aos objetivos estratégicos estabelecidos, e a escolha de medidas adequadas como indicadores de desempenho dos processos selecionados. No processo de monitoramento, os conceitos de Desdobramento de Funções da Qualidade foram adaptados às necessidades do sistema, os conceitos de Manufatura Enxuta estão incluídos para estruturação do sistema proposto e foi utilizada a Simulação pelo processo Monte Carlo para projeção de resultados futuros. A análise do desempenho dos processos foi realizada através da constituição de índices para comparação de valores no tempo. Foi realizado um estudo de caso que ilustra a aplicação do sistema na prática / Abstract: This investigation describes a system which permits to control the processes to reach strategic objectives. To achieve this it is necessary to know the mission of the company in the work environment, the strategic objectives, selection of linked processes to the objectives and the determination of the measures to indicate the selected processes performance. In the monitoring process, the Quality Function Deployment was adapted to the system's needs. The concepts of lean manufacturing are included to develop the System structure and the Monte Carlo simulation was used to preview future results. The performance processes analysis was accomplished through the creation of rates to compare the obtained values through the time. A case study was included to illustrate a practical application to the proposed system / Doutorado / Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

A medição de desempenho é um tópico muito sensível às organizações atualmente, pois à medida que os processo de negócios se tornam mais complexos, novas formas de controle e medição do desempenho são demandadas. Essa realidade permeia todas as áreas funcionais, inclusive a de marketing. A medição de desempenho de marketing vem sendo estudada desde a década de 1960 e ao longo das décadas passou por diferentes ênfases. Atualmente, essa temática vem ganhando destaque devido a um conjunto de fatores como terceirização, outsourcing e turbulências econômicas que pressionam cada vez mais os profissionais de marketing a justificarem os resultados de suas ações. Uma das lacunas de pesquisa reside na excessiva proliferação de métricas, que dificultam aos profissionais de marketing saber quais delas selecionar e como integrá-las na prática organizacional. Além disso, os distintos modelos de medição de desempenho de marketing já desenvolvidos se mostram excessivamente teóricos e difíceis de operacionalizar. Diante do exposto, o objetivo dessa tese consistiu em desenvolver uma proposta para a seleção de métricas de marketing e administração da medição de desempenho de marketing, de modo que possa ser utilizado por organizações do setor hoteleiro. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi realizada a revisão da literatura concernente a medição de desempenho organizacional, medição de desempenho de marketing e gestão hoteleira, que deu origem a proposta de seleção de métricas de marketing e administração da medição de desempenho de marketing, para o setor de hotelaria. A metodologia se baseou na pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa com utilização do método de estudo de caso. A etapa de campo foi realizada em duas grandes redes hoteleiras internacionais que atuam no mercado nacional. Foi feita a análise do processo de seleção de métricas de marketing e de administração da medição de desempenho de marketing por meio dos dados coletados, os quais foram analisados a partir das teorias balizadoras do estudo. Os principais resultados apontam que em ambas as redes hoteleiras tanto o sistema de medição de desempenho, quanto as métricas utilizadas já vêm formatados da matriz; cabendo aos executivos locais o acréscimo de métricas e a definição de alguns parâmetros. As organizações estudadas também apresentaram um balanceamento adequado entre as métricas utilizadas, com destaque para métricas que medem a qualidade dos serviços, satisfação dos clientes, Revpar, ROI e market share. Também constatou-se um amplo uso de métricas para a web. Ao final desta análise, foi apresentada a proposta de final para seleção de métricas de marketing e medição de desempenho de marketing, para hotelaria. / Performance measurement is currently a very sensitive topic to organizations; consequently, as the business process becomes further complex, new forms of control and process measurement are demanded. This reality permeates all functional areas, including marketing. The performance measurement of marketing has been studied since the 1960\'s, and throughout the decades it has gone through various emphases. Presently, this issue has been gaining prominence due to a set of factors such as outsourcing and economic turmoil, which increasingly pressures marketing professionals to justify the results of their actions. Some of the research gaps that exist include the excessive proliferation of metrics, which makes it difficult for marketing professionals to know which ones to select and how to integrate them into organizational practice. Furthermore, the already developed models of performance measurement have shown themselves to be excessively theoretical and difficult to operate. Given the above, the objective of this thesis constituted in developing a proposal for the selection of marketing metrics and the management of marketing performance measurement, in ways which may be utilized by organizations of the hotel sector. In order to reach the proposed objective, a revision of the literature concerning organizational performance measurement, marketing performance measurement, and hotel management was performed, which led to the proposal for selection of marketing metrics and management of marketing performance measurement in the hospitality industry. The methodology based itself on the exploratory and qualitative research, utilizing the case study method. The field stage was conducted in two large international hotel chains, which operate in the domestic market. Analyses were made of the selection process of marketing metrics and management of marketing performance management through the collected data, which were analyzed from the theories as landmark study. The main results show that in both hotel chains the performance measurement system, as well as the selected metrics, come already formatted from the head office. Local executives are allowed to choose some metrics to work with and define some parameters. The studied organizations showed a well-balanced performance measurement system which highlighted metrics for services quality, customer satisfaction, Revpar, ROI and market share. Data also showed that metrics for the web were fairly used. By the end of this analysis, the final proposal for selecting marketing metrics and marketing performance measurement for hotel industry was presented.

M.B.A / The performance of project delivery in the software development domain has a poor history of successes. This research focused on identifying some of the reasons for this poor performance for software development projects in order to propose a possible framework for measuring and evaluating a software development project's performance. The proposed framework is intended to link individual project performance into the strategic performance measurements for an organisation and hence includes the aspect of being able to evaluate an individual project's performance relative to other projects within a programme, organisation or industry. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The following three Key findings resulted from this study: • Firstly that unless an organisation establishes upfront what the intended use of the measurements is, as well as how they as an organisation and project define "project success" in terms of their overall objectives, any measurements taken will be oflittle value. • Secondly that there is still strong support for the generic measurements of Time, Cost, and Quality all within good customer relations, however, these need to take into account the aspects of project complexity, project management skills, the team fit and the accuracy of the estimates. • Thirdly that the ultimate framework adopted by an organisation for measuring and evaluating project performance should be simple without being simplistic and hence should be generic and easy to implement across a broad range of projects.

M.Comm.

Abstract Supply chain performance measurement – the process of qualifying the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain. The aim of this study is to create a supply chain measurement framework for manufacturing industry, define what data should be measured and verify the measurement framework in the case company's supply chain. The research approach is hermeneutic and the research was a qualitative, constructive single case study research. The case company operates in the steel industry and provides prefabricated products for customers. The case supply chain was defined to be one supply chain in a plant where prefabricated products are produced. There is a review of the current understanding of supply chain management and literature related to supply chain performance measurement and the study creates a framework for supply chain measurement. This study presents the main theory framework of supply chain performance measurement. The key elements for the measurement framework were defined as time, profitability, order book analysis and managerial analysis. The measurement framework is tested by measuring case supply chain performance. The measurement framework is a valid framework for supply chain performance measurement in manufacturing industry. It is stated that supply chain performance measurement is extremely important in developing supply chain. The measurement framework in this study offers guidelines for measuring the supply chain in manufacturing industry but the measurement framework could be used in different areas of industry as well.

M.Comm. / This study establishes an introductory management tool in the form of a computergenerated report card. The report card displays an overview of ~II pertinent key performance areas within an explosives production plant. The key performance areas cater for the planning, organising, staffing, reporting and controlling of explosives within an explosives production facility. The concept of the report card for the explosives production manager, makes use of the balanced scorecard as well as other key performance management tools to encourage management control, open communication and enhance performance drivers. The overall objective of the dissertation is to use certain assumptions that have become current in academic discussions of management control with particular relevance to aligning strategic control in order to establish what constituents may influence the production facilities' effectiveness, safety, efficiency and future focus areas for managers in the explosives production environment. There is nothing new about the basic notion of combining a number of performance measures in a compact description for a business operation. Recent developments have yielded useful approaches for management control within production companies. This research paper takes an avid search into the various communication tools, financial views, production flexibility, performance drivers, experience as well as development aspects that take place on a day-to-day basis within the explosives production facility. The essential indicators that constitute attention from management are outlined and drafted as a management tool that allows for the total comprehensive picture of the explosives production factory to be accurately reported and acted upon. This allows for more precise information upon which easier decision-making can take place.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Access to water and water scarcity are the most critical impediments to sustainable development in municipal water provision. Good water and sanitation services are essential for health, economic development, and environmental protection. Recognizing the importance of access to a safe and adequate water supply, has become the core business of many cities. Among the major challenges facing local government regarding basic service provision in South Africa are acute problems of institutional capacity, maintenance of existing infrastructure, mismanagement of funds, high levels of corruption and a lack of public anticipation. There has been public outcry in South Africa about poor performance of municipalities in service delivery. Moreover, a good proportion of service delivery protests relate to municipalities‟ failure to carry out basic maintenance of existing infrastructure. The aim of this study was to assess water service delivery performance in the Municipalities of the City of Tshwane (CoT), City of Cape Town (CoCT) and EThekwini Metropolitan by comparing water service delivery for the three Water Service Authorities (WSAs). In this study the performance of Water Service Authorities is measured using the Regulatory Performance Measurement System (RPMS) using 11 regulatory Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). To find answers to research questions and objectives, the research was conducted through desktop research incorporating both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. Exploring the datasets and frequency tabulations were employed. For the analysis of the relative performance levels toward gaining access to water and sanitation services, the RPMS tool was used. The particular indicators of interest were the changes in performance levels in the provision of basic services for different segments based on RPMS. In line with our findings for Financial Performance Indicator (KPI 9) water supply in the WSAs is undertaken by local government that have the dual objectives of providing a social service while generating revenue to offset cost. Ironically, most of these WSAs do not recover their operating expenses from their own revenues, and remain dependent on state government for subsidies. The study concludes that the CoT is the best performer on the Financial Performance (KPI 9).The KPI requiring attention is Financial Performance (KPI 9) for the CoCT and EThekwini WSAs with indicators showing need for improvement. Compliance is encouraged for all WSAs on the Financial Performance Indicator (KPI 9) to ensure that their water business is sustainable. The study recommends that the relevant stakeholders and project proponents consider financial viability (sustainability) through the increase in value for money expenditure to grow and diversify revenue.