[pt] Esta pesquisa investiga a correlação entre a idade das pessoas e suas preferências pela aparência física, que possa vir a ajudar no entendimento do consumo de produtos influenciados pela estética e identificar que tipo físico seria mais indicado para campanhas de marketing. Investiga, particularmente, como a associação da idade com a preferência pode ser explicada por meio do efeitocoorte. Diversos estudos mostram a relevância do efeito coorte no estabelecimento da preferência por diversos produtos e serviços. O estudo levanta hipóteses que foram testadas a partir de dados levantados por meio de questionário em que atores e atrizes indicados para o Oscar desde a década de quarenta que são avaliados segundo critérios de aparência física. Os resultados mostram que, em geral, existe um período crítico de idade em acontece a formação das preferências. Os resultados realçam diferenças marcantes entre as respostas quando classificadas pelo gênero do respondente. / [en] This research investigates the correlation between peoples ages and their preference for certain physical types, seeking to understand how such preferences may influence the consumption of aesthetics- related products and thus, helping to determine which physical traits would be the most appropriate in marketing campaigns. It particularly investigates in which ways the association between age and preference can be explained by means of the cohort effect. Many studies have shown the relevance of the cohort effect in the establishment of consumer preference for certain products and services. This study identifies hypothesis that were tested based on data gathered from questionnaires in which actors and actresses who were Oscar-nominees since the 1940's were evaluated according to physical appearance criteria. The results show that, generally, there is a critical period of age during which peoples preferences are formed. The results also highlight the significant differences amongst the answers when respondents are classified according to gender.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:27:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 esteves_gmf_me_assis.pdf: 595118 bytes, checksum: 0554c6e3d5286bafc20e44f2e6d50856 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A partir de estudos sobre a criação e permanência do reino Visigodo na Hispânia, séculos V a VII, procuramos trabalhar com um curto período, final da segunda metade do século VI e a primeira do VII, com atenção dirigida em especial a dois objetos: a Religiosidade e a Monarquia. Como fonte principal da pesquisa, teremos nossa análise voltada à Hagiografia da Vida e Martírio de São Desidério escrita pelo monarca que governou a Hispânia dentre os anos de 612 a 621, o rei Sisebuto. Ver nesta fonte um testemunho das relações de poder político em sua imbricação com o sagrado, ou seja, com o cristianismo, pode-nos mostrar como Sisebuto utilizou-se da Vita mais para suas circunstâncias ideológicas e políticas, legitimando seu poder, do que para o santo mesmo, tornando-se este último, e sua santidade, mais um coadjuvante que um protagonista / Starting from studies of the creation and permanence of the Visigothic kingdom in Hispania, centuries V-VII, we work with a short period, final of the second half of the VI century and the first half of VII century, with special attention to two objects: The Religiosity and the Monarchy. As the main source of the research we will have our analysis turned to Hagiography of the Life and Martyrdom of Saint Desiderius, wrote by the monarch that governed the Hispânia by the years of 612 to 621, king Sisebut. See in this source a testimony of the relationships of political power in its relation with the sacred (Christianity) can show us like Sisebut used the Vita more for his ideological and political circumstances, legitimating his power, for the life’s saint properly, becoming this last one, and his sanctity, more a coactive that a protagonist

Chavín de Huántar is one of the key sites of the Formative Period in the Central Andes, with many decades of investigations by dozens of investigators, but ironically its chronology is still poorly defined and contested. This article reviews the historical evidence for Chavín chronology, emphasizing an examination of calibrated radiocarbon dates, and summarily reviewing related radiocarbon evidence from approximately contemporary sites. The more voluminous C14 evidence from recent work at Chavín is then examined, particularly focused on dates from known ceramic and architectural contexts. A large number of determinations concur, both in and outside of Chavín, in dating stamped polished blackware "janabarroide" ceramics in the range of 800-500 BC in calibrated age. Earlier and later occupations at Chavín are documented, helping confirm this time range for "Early Horizon" materials. Chavín, unlike some other important Formative sites, loses its temple function by around 500 BC calibrated, although major construction seems to have greatly decreased well before that time. / Chavín de Huántar es uno de los sitios fundamentales para entender el Periodo Formativo en los Andes centrales. Irónicamente, a pesar de muchas décadas de investigaciones realizadas por docenas de investigadores, su cronología es todavía debatida e insegura. Este artículo presenta una reseña de la evidencia histórica para la cronología de Chavín, enfatizando la contribución de los fechados radiocarbónicos calibrados y, de manera breve, revisando los que están temporalmente relacionados con otros sitios formativos. Se analizan, también, los numerosos fechados de carbono-14 asociados a cerámica y contextos arquitectónicos conocidos en Chavín derivados de estudios recientes. De hecho, muchos fechados de Chavín y sitios relacionados concuerdan en ubicar a la cerámica negra pulida estampada, denominada janabarroide, alrededor de 800-500 a.C. (calib.). La presencia de ocupaciones anteriores y posteriores, documentadas con fechados, ayudan a confirmar este rango temporal para materiales reconocidos del "Horizonte Temprano". En contraste con algunos otros importantes sitios formativos, Chavín deja de funcionar como templo hacia 500 a.C. (calib.), aunque los esfuerzos destinados a las construcciones principales ya estaban disminuyendo, de manera notable, antes de esta época.

This is a first synopsis of the research that we have realized at the Templete de Limoncarro recognized as a site of the Cupisnique culture. At this Templete we have excavated five times and identified two phases of construction. The structures of the first phase, La Calera, are very few, while at the second phase, Limoncarro, are constructed a sunken court and three platforms, which are the objects of frequent repair. Some structures of conic adobe at the platforms represent faces of animals, which seems to be of the Cupisnique iconography. / La presente es una primera aproximación al estudio que se realiza en la actualidad en el Templete de Limoncarro, complejo reconocido como un sitio de la cultura Cupisnique. En este se han efectuado excavaciones a lo largo de cinco temporadas y se ha comprobado la existencia de dos fases de construcción. Las edificaciones de la primera fase, denominada La Calera, son muy escasas, en tanto que a la segunda fase, nombrada como Limoncarro, corresponden la plaza hundida y las tres plataformas identificadas, las que fueron objeto de reparaciones frecuentes mientras estuvieron vigentes. Algunas de las estructuras hechas con adobes cónicos en dichas plataformas representan rostros de animales, los que se asemejan a la iconografía cupisnique.

Regional Perspectives of the Formative Period in Perú: An IntroductionThe article doesn't have an abstract / El artículo no presenta resumen

This paper presents the information gathered during the first season of the Kushipampa Archaeological Project. By comparison with available data from coetaneal sites, this paper presents a preliminary identification of a new regional tradition emerging at the end of the Late Formative Period. This tradition was characterized by the use of a distinctive ceramic assemblage and architectural style at sites located mainly in the upper section of the Nepeña valley. After the decline of an economic system related to the Chavín cult, at 500 BC, a group of communities, including the one at Kushipampa, managed to create alternate exchange networks to replace the former system. / Este artículo presenta los datos obtenidos en la primera temporada de investigación del Proyecto Arqueológico Kushipampa. Mediante la comparación con la información disponible de sitios contemporáneos, el autor propone la identificación preliminar de una nueva tradición regional surgida a finales del Periodo Formativo Tardío. Esta tradición se caracterizó por un tipo particular de cerámica y de arquitectura en sitios ubicados principalmente en la zona alta del valle de Nepeña. Tras el declive del sistema económico relacionado con el culto chavín, alrededor de 500 a.C., un conjunto de comunidades, en el que se incluía a Kushipampa, concibió y artículo la red de intercambio que terminó por reemplazar el sistema vigente hasta entonces.

An Approach to the Formative Period in the Chillón ValleyThe author describes 29 Formative sites in the Chillon Valley subdivided into monumental architecture (U-shaped buildings, pyramid with circular sunken courts and simple pyramids) and 17 domestic sites. A typology of the recollected ceramics is given as well as comparisons with other sites and chronological proposals. U-shaped complexes are concentrated in the lower valley but located up to km 59. Huacoy is the largest one of them, communicated with Ancon and related with 8000 has of arable land. Chocas is probably a minor copy of Huacoy and part of the system, while Pucara integrates the middle valley. / El autor describe 29 sitios del Formativo en el valle de Chillón. Los subdivide en arquitectura monumental: edificios en forma de U, pirámide y recinto circular hundido y pirámides simples además de 17 sitios domésticos. Se presenta una tipología cerámica con propuestas anteriores. La distribución de los complejos en U se percibe hasta el kilómetro 59 pero se concentra en la parte baja; Huacoy es el mayor de ellos, comunicado con Ancón y relacionado con 8000 hectáreas de tierra cultivable. Chocas probablemente es una copia menor de Huacoy y parte del sistema, mientras que Pucara integra el valle medio.

Formative Period Sites in the Santiago de Chuco Area, La Libertad, North Central AndesThis paper deals with the results of surface surveys in the Santiago de Chuco area, La Libertad, northern highlands. The author identifies 42 sites belonging to the Formative Period. The ceramics show affinities with the Huacaloma sequence, the others are related to the northeastern area as well as with Salinar, San Blas and related traditions. The sites are distributed between 2400 to 4250 meters above sea level forming nucleated groups, many of them at altitudes between 2700 and 3300 (19), and 3400 to 3800 (16). / Este artículo trata de los resultados de prospecciones arqueológicas en el área de Santiago de Chuco, La Libertad, en la zona norte de los Andes Centrales. El autor identifica 42 sitios que pertenecen al Periodo Formativo. La cerámica muestra afinidades con la secuencia de Huacaloma, relaciones con el área nororiental así como con Salinar, San Blas y tradiciones relacionadas. Los sitios están distribuidos entre 2400 a 4250 metros sobre el nivel del mar formando grupos nucleados, muchos de los cuales se encuentran entre 2700 a 3300 (19) y 3400 a 3800 metros sobre el nivel del mar (16).

Advances, Problems and Prospects in Peruvian Archaic Period InvestigationsThe article doesn´t have an abstract / El artículo no presenta resumen

Early Monumental Architecture in the Middle Fortaleza ValleySurface surveys in 1993 led to the location of some 30 monumental sites of the Formative Period in the Middle Fortaleza Valley. The authors present a typology of the architecture, a chronological and corological scheme based on comparisons with other sites to the north and south, distribution patterns, settlement patterns and the relationship of agricultural potential of surrounding lands as well as functional and social relevance of the buildings through formative times. / Prospecciones llevadas a cabo en 1993 permitieron la ubicación de unos 30 sitios monumentales del Periodo Formativo en la parte media del valle de Fortaleza. Los autores proponen una tipología de la arquitectura, una cronología y corología basadas en comparaciones con sitios al norte y al sur, un patrón de distribución y su relación con la tierra cultivable así como las posibles funciones y la importancia social de estos sitios en el curso del Periodo Formativo.