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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Thermodynamical and Dynamical Instabilities from Ab initio Electronic-Structure Calculations

Persson, Kristin Aslaug January 2001 (has links)
No description available.
42

Spherical Crystallization of Benzoic Acid

Thati, Jyothi January 2007 (has links)
<p>Spherical agglomerates of benzoic acid crystals have been successfully prepared by drowning-out crystallization in three solvent partial miscible mixtures. Benzoic acid is dissolved in ethanol, bridging liquid is added and this mixture is fed to the agitated crystallizer containing water. Fine crystals are produced by crystallization of the substance, and the crystals are agglomerated by introduction of an immiscible liquid called the bridging liquid. The concentration of solute, agitation rate, feeding rate, amount of bridging liquid and temperature are found to have a significant influence on the physico-mechanical properties of the product. The product particle characterization includes the particle size distribution, morphology and mechanical strength.</p><p>Many of the solvents such as chloroform, toluene, pentane, heptane, cyclo hexane, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate were used as bridging liquids. Among the selected solvents ethyl acetate and di ethyl ether could not form the spherical agglomerates. Characteristics of the particles are changing with the bridging liquid used. Range of the operation for spherical agglomeration is very narrow and was shown that only at certain conditions the spherical agglomerates are produced. Increased amount of bridging liquid, decrease in feeding rate and temperature causes the particle size to increase. Particle morphology depends on the bridging liquid used, amount of bridging liquid and the temperature. Particles look completely spherical from the experiments where toluene is used as bridging liquid. </p><p>The mechanical strength of single agglomerates has been determined by compression in a materials testing machine, using a 10N load cell. For single particle compression an approximate estimation of the true stress is presented. Compression characteristics for single agglomerates are compared with data on particle bed compression. Low elastic recovery and high compressibility of the single particles and of bed of particles reveals that the spherical agglomerates prepared in this work have a plastic behavior which is expected to be favorable for direct tabletting. Some of the stress–strain curves are J-shaped with no clear fracturing of the particles, and are well correlated by an exponential–polynomial equation. </p>
43

Persistence of Laminar Flamelet Structure Under Highly Turbulent Combustion

YAMAMOTO, Kazuhiro, NISHIZAWA, Yasuki, ONUMA, Yoshiaki 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
44

Experimental determination and thermodynamic modelisation of Mo-Ni-Re system

Yaqoob, Khurram 20 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
The Mo-Ni-Re system is one of the important subsystems of the Ni based superalloys engineered for use in high temperature applications. Considering the contradictions among previously reported information, the present study was devoted to the complete experimental determination of the phase equilibria in the Mo-Ni-Re system, structural characterization of its intermetallic phases and thermodynamic modeling of the system with the help of the CALPHAD method. The experimental investigation of phase equilibria was carried out with the help of equilibrated alloys and phase diagrams of the Ni-Re and Mo-Ni-Re system (at 1200°C and 1600°C) were proposed. In comparison with previous investigations, the Ni-Re phase diagram determined during the present study showed significant difference in terms of homogeneity domains, freezing ranges and peritectic reaction temperature. The 1200°C isothermal section of the Mo-Ni-Re system proposed during the present study showed large extension of the Mo-Re σ phase and Mo-Ni δ phase in the ternary region. In addition, presence of two previously unknown ternary phases was also observed. The isothermal section of the Mo-Ni-Re system at 1600°C also showed large extension of σ phase in the ternary region whereas extension of the Mo-Re χ phase in both isothermal sections was restricted to narrow composition range. The presence of the ternary phases observed in the 1200°C isothermal was not evidenced in 1600°C isothermal section. On the other hand, partial investigations of phase boundaries in the Mo-Ni and Mo-Re binary systems and determination of liquidus projection of the Mo-Ni-Re system was also carried out. The liquidus projection of the Mo-Ni-Re system proposed during present study also showed largely extended primary crystallization fields of the Mo-Re σ phase and Re solid solution in the ternary region. Since isothermal sections of the Mo-Ni-Re system showed largely extended homogeneity domain of σ, structural characterization of the Mo-Ni-Re σ with particular emphasis on determination of site occupancy trends as a function of composition was carried out by combined Rietveld refinement of the X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The experimental results gathered during the present study along with the information available in the literature were used as input for thermodynamic modeling of the Mo-Ni-Re system. The thermodynamic description of the Mo-Re system was taken from literature whereas thermodynamic modeling of the Mo-Ni, Ni-Re and Mo-Ni-Re system was carried out during the present study with the help of the CALHAD method.Keywords: Mo-Ni; Mo-Re; Ni-Re; Mo-Ni-Re; phase diagram; isothermal section; structural characterization; thermodynamic modeling; CALPHAD method
45

Développements instrumentaux pour le contrôle de la cristallisation par la dialyse : approche microfluidique et analyse aux rayons X / Instrumental developments for controlling the crystallization by dialysis : microfluidic approach and X-ray analysis

Junius, Niels 18 November 2016 (has links)
La cristallisation des protéines est une étape cruciale dans l’élucidation de la structure tridimensionnelle des protéines. C’est un processus très délicat qui dépend de nombreuses variables environnementales dont le contrôle précis est difficile, voire impossible, dans les installations typiquement utilisées. Des approches basées sur la parallélisation massive des expériences et la réduction du volume d’échantillon par expérience, pour trouver les conditions initiales de cristallisation, montrent leur relative efficacité dans la recherche de ces conditions initiales mais aussi leurs limites quant à l’optimisation des cristaux obtenus.La méthode présentée dans cette thèse diffère de ce paradigme. La démarche proposée est une approche séquentielle plutôt que la parallélisation d’expériences et est basée sur la connaissance des diagrammes de phase. Cette thèse repose sur une suite de développements d’instruments mis en oeuvre pour maîtriser et rationaliser la cristallisation par la méthode de la dialyse, permettant ainsi l’exploration des diagrammes de phases sans consommer l’échantillon de protéine.Il en résulte un dispositif microfluidique permettant la cristallisation de protéines par la méthode de la dialyse, l’utilisation d’un flux continu d’agent de cristallisation et par conséquent l’échange continu de conditions de cristallisation ainsi que le contrôle de la température au cours de l’expérience. Il est compatible avec le rayonnement X pour la collecte de données de diffraction in situ sur les cristaux ayant poussés dans la puce microfluidique. Ce système microfluidique est basé sur la miniaturisation du banc de cristallisation qui a été amélioré d’un point de vue : de l’électronique pour l’automatisation, du transport de fluides pour le fonctionnement en flux continu, du développement logiciel pour le contrôle des paramètres de cristallisation, de la mécanique pour améliorer la cellule de dialyse et la thermorégulation, et enfin par l’intégration d’un système UV permettant de réaliser des mesures d’absorbance in situ qui offre pour l’avenir la possibilité de mesurer la solubilité de protéine au cours d’une expérience de cristallisation par la dialyse.Finalement les développements instrumentaux et méthodologiques ont été validés par la cristallisation de plusieurs protéines modèles dont les cristaux ont diffractés aux rayons X avec succès. En outre le transport d’espèces en solution par la dialyse a été étudié par une approche combinée expérimentale et théorique. / Protein crystallization is a key step in elucidating three-dimensional structure of proteins. This very sensitive process depends on many variables that are difficult to control precisely or simultaneously in the existing facilities. Instrumentation developments have concentrated on massive parallel experiments and sample volume reduction used by experiment. With this approach it is relatively easy to find initial crystallization conditions but their optimization to yield well diffracting crystals often proves to be more difficult.The method presented herein differs from the current paradigm, since we propose serial instead of parallel experiments based on the knowledge of phase diagrams. This project is based on a series of developments of instruments used to control and rationalize crystallisation using dialysis method, thus allowing phase diagrams exploration without consuming large quantity of protein sample.This results in a microfluidic device that allows crystallization of proteins by dialysis method, use of a continuous flow of crystallization agent and therefore continuous exchange of crystallization conditions as well as temperature control during experiment. It provides X-rays compatibility for in situ diffraction data collection of crystals grown in the microfluidic chip. This microfluidic system is based on the miniaturization of the crystallization bench which has been improved on electronics for automation, fluid transport to operate at a continuous flow, software development for the control of crystallization parameters, mechanics to improve both dialysis cell and thermoregulation, and finally by the integration of a UV system to perform in situ absorbance measurements that provide the future possibility to measure the solubility of proteins in a dialysis crystallization experiment.Finally both instrumental and methodological developments have been validated by the crystallization of several model proteins whose crystals diffracted succesfully X-rays. Furthermore understanding of the transport of species in solution by dialysis was investigated by combined experimental and theoretical approaches.
46

Echanges Air-Neige d'aldéhydes en Arctique / Air-Snow exchanges of aldehydes in the Arctic

Barret, Manuel 21 June 2011 (has links)
La neige est un réacteur photochimique multiphasique complexe capable d'échanger de nombreuses espèces réactives avec l'atmosphère. Les émissions du manteau neigeux peuvent donc influencer de manière considérable la composition et la réactivité des atmosphères polaires. Parmi les composés réactifs ainsi échangés se trouvent de nombreux composés carbonylés dont les aldéhydes qui font l'objet de cette étude. La photolyse des aldéhydes est une source importante de radicaux HOx dans l'atmosphère arctique et l'étude des échanges de ces gaz est donc indispensable à la compréhension de la capacité oxydante de l'atmosphère des régions polaires. Le formaldéhyde (HCHO) est l'aldéhyde le plus abondant dans l'atmosphère et a fait l'objet d'une part importante de notre étude. Une étude expérimentale de la solubilité et de la diffusion de HCHO dans la glace nous a permis de confirmer que ce composé formait une solution solide dans la glace. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus, associés à une analyse critique des données bibliographiques sur la solubilité de HCHO en phase aqueuse, ont été utilisés pour construire le diagramme de phase pression partielle – température du système H2O-HCHO. Afin de comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu dans les échanges d'aldéhydes entre la neige et le manteau neigeux, nous avons suivi les concentrations en aldéhydes dans le manteau neigeux à Barrow, un site côtier à l'extrême Nord de l'Alaska, lors de la campagne polaire OASIS 2009. Nos mesures ont été associées à celles de la microphysique de la neige et à la mesure en phase gazeuse du formaldéhyde. En développant un modèle numérique de diffusion de HCHO dans les cristaux de neige, nous avons montré que l'évolution des concentrations dans la neige pouvait être reproduite de manière quantitative par l'équilibre thermodynamique et la cinétique de diffusion du formaldéhyde dans la glace. Ce travail ne se limite pas à la seule étude de HCHO. D'autres aldéhydes présents dans l'atmosphère peuvent potentiellement jouer un rôle important dans la chimie atmosphérique. Nous avons donc réalisé des améliorations à notre méthode analytique afin de permettre la mesure non seulement du formaldéhyde et de l'acétaldéhyde, mais aussi du glyoxal, du méthylglyoxal et de l'hydroxyacétaldéhyde. Cette méthode analytique déployée pendant la campagne OASIS nous a ainsi permis de mesurer simultanément et pour la première fois, l'ensemble de ces aldéhydes dans la neige polaire. Ces mesures ont révélé des concentrations importantes de glyoxal et de méthylglyoxal dans la neige, ces composés étant probablement présents dans les aérosols organiques piégés par la neige. Le rôle de cette matière organique particulaire dans la chimie de la neige nous semble mériter de plus amples études, afin de mieux caractériser sa structure et sa réactivité. / Snow is a complex multiphase chemical reactor that exchanges many reactive species with the atmosphere. One consequence of such emissions is that snow dramatically impacts the composition and the reactivity of polar the atmosphere. Carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, are some of theses noteworthy species emitted by the snowpack. Here, we focus on aldehydes whose photolysis can yield significant amounts of HOx radicals. The knowledge of processes involved in air-snow exchanges is therefore required to understand how snow impacts the oxidative capacity of polar atmospheres. A major part of our work is focused on formaldehyde (HCHO), the most abundant aldehyde in the atmosphere. We first performed an experimental study to measure both the solubility and the diffusivity of HCHO in ice. Our results confirm that the formation of a solid-solution is the process of incorporation of HCHO into snow. We also performed a reanalysis of existing data on the solubility of HCHO in liquid water solutions. Our work made it possible to construct the partial pressure – temperature phase diagram for the H2O-HCHO system. To investigate the processes involved in air-snow exchanges of aldehydes, we monitored their concentration in snow during the OASIS 2009 field campaign which took place at Barrow, Alaska. Our measures were complemented by the monitoring of the snow physical properties and by the measurement of formaldehyde concentration in the gas phase. We developed a numerical code to model HCHO diffusion in and out of ice crystals and showed that it was possible to quantitatively reproduce snow concentrations by considering the equilibration of the H2O-HCHO by solid solution in ice. Our work also focused on other aldehydes that can potentially impact the atmospheric oxidative capacity. Improvements to our analytical method made it possible to measure not only formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, but also glyoxal, methylglyoxal and hydroxyacetaldehyde. This method deployed during the OASIS campaign provided the first measurements of all these aldehydes in polar snow. We found significant amounts of glyoxal and methylglyoxal in snow and we hypothesize that such compounds are located in the particulate organic matter scavenged by snow. The reactivity and structural composition of this organic matter must be further investigated to understand quantitatively the exchanges of these other aldehydes between the snow and the atmosphere.
47

The study of magnetic and polaronic microstructure in Pr1-xCaxMnO3 manganite series

Rajpurohit, Sangeeta 16 July 2018 (has links)
No description available.
48

Morphological instabilities in drying colloids

Kiatkirakajorn, Pree-cha 10 September 2018 (has links)
No description available.
49

Coexistência de fases, criticalidade e solubilidade em mistura binárias

Rizzatti, Eduardo Osório January 2016 (has links)
Fundando-se em argumentos de equilíbrio e estabilidade termodinâmica, a solubilidade de soluto em um solvente é definida pelo limiar de existência da mistura como sistema homogêneo. De fato, entende-se tal grandeza sobre a coexistência de fases. A noção de solubilidade apresentada é desenvolvida através de modelos simples, que incluem resultados na rede bem como a extensão do modelo de van der Waals ao caso de duas componentes. Desta extrai-se uma condição genérica à observação de mínimos na solubilidade incidente sobre a topologia de seu diagrama de fases e de evidente correspondência física. / Concerning the equilibrium and stability in thermodynamics, the solubility of solute in a solvent is defined as the threshold of the mixture existing as a homogeneous system. Indeed, such quantity meets its meaning when understood on the coexistence surface. The idea of solubility presented is developed following the discussion of simple models, including results on the lattice as well as the van der Waals model extended to include two components. From these results we extract a general condition which connects the occurence of a minimum in solubility to the topological structure of the phase diagram.
50

Synthèse, caractérisation et mise en forme de nouveaux matériaux thermoélectriques à base de ZnSb / New ZnSb based thermoelectric materials : synthesis, characterization and shaping

Pothin, Romain 20 October 2016 (has links)
La chaleur dégagée par des dispositifs à différentes échelles (microprocesseurs, automobiles, habitations, usines) constitue une source quasi inexploitée d’énergie. La conversion de cette énergie thermique en énergie électrique est possible via l’emploi de générateurs thermoélectriques. Cependant actuellement leur usage est peu répandu du fait de leur faible rendement, de la toxicité et du coût des matériaux. L’objectif de cette thèse qui fait suite à la thèse théorique de Kinga Niedziolka (Université Montpellier, 2014) était l’obtention de nouveau matériaux thermoélectriques performants à base de ZnSb sur la base des résultats obtenus par modélisation. Conformément aux calculs réalisés et en accord avec le partenaire industriel (Hutchinson), les dopants choisis pour ZnSb ont été l’aluminium (1% en substitution du zinc), le tellure (1% en substitution de l’antimoine, le titane (1% en substitution du zinc) et l’yttrium (1% en substitution du zinc). L’objectif ici est de synthétiser et de caractériser les matériaux qui ont été calculés de type n (conduction électrique assurée par les électrons). Les matériaux ont été synthétisés par fusion, trempe et recuit et ont été obtenus sous forme de lingot polycristallin. Ils ont été caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X, microscopie électronique à balayage et microsonde de Castaing. Leur mise en forme pour les caractérisations thermoélectriques a ensuite été mise au point. C’est en utilisant la technique du Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) que nous avons atteint des densités très intéressantes de l’ordre de 98% pour tous les matériaux contenant un dopant. Les caractérisations thermoélectriques ont été conduites en fonction de la température jusqu’à 600 K au moyen d’un appareillage de type ZEM-3.Les travaux de dopage se sont concentrés sur les matériaux dopés au tellure présentant les résultats les plus prometteurs. Cependant les caractérisations thermoélectriques des matériaux synthétisés n’ont pas permis de mettre en évidence le passage au type n souhaité. Cependant, une avancée a été réalisée en ce qui concerne ZnSb non dopé qui est naturellement un matériau de type p (conduction électrique assurée par les trous): grâce à la mise en œuvre de la mécanosynthèse nous avons obtenu un matériau présentant de meilleurs propriétés que ceux existants. Des analyses de ce matériau au microscope électronique en transmission ainsi que des analyses par la méthode XPS ont conduit à l’identification de certains précipités responsables de l’amélioration de ses propriétés thermoélectriques. De plus, le matériau ZnSb obtenu, présente une grande stabilité en température ce qui renforce d’autant plus son intérêt d’utilisation par rapport à d’autres matériaux dans la même gamme de température. / The heat loss from different sources at different scales (microprocessors, cars, houses, factories) is an almost untapped source of energy. The conversion of this thermal energy into electrical energy is possible through the use of thermoelectric generators. However at the present time their use is not widespread due to their low efficiency, toxicity and because of the cost of the existing materials. The aim of this thesis that follows the DFT calculations previously made during Kinga Niedziolka’s thesis, (University of Montpellier, 2014) was to obtain new efficient thermoelectric materials based on ZnSb relying on the calculation results. Based on the calculations and in agreement with the industrial partner Hutchinson, aluminum (1 % at. in substitution of Zn), tellurium (1 % at. in substitution of Sb), titanium (1 % at. in substitution of Zn) and yttrium (1 % at. in substitution of Zn) were selected as dopants. The objective, was to synthesize and characterize the materials which were calculated as n type semiconductors (electron conduction). The materials were synthesized by melting, quenching and annealing. They were obtained in the form of polycrystalline ingots. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and EDS and WDS microanalysis. Their shaping for thermoelectric characterization was then developed. The technique of Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was chosen to this aim and we achieved very interesting densities of around 98% for all doped materials. Thermoelectric characterizations were carried out up to 600 K by means of a ZEM-3 type apparatus. Only tellurium doped materials with the most promising results were thoroughly studied. However, the thermoelectric characterization of the synthesized doped materials didn’t show the expected transition to an n-type conduction. However, progress was made regarding ZnSb as a p-type material. The optimization of the mechanical alloying process led to a very promising ZnSb material. The analyses of this material by transmission electron microscopy and XPS analysis led to the identification of some precipitates which give rise to improved thermoelectric properties compared to existing p-type ZnSb. Furthermore the obtained material has a high thermal stability reinforcing its interest compared to other materials for applications in the same temperature range.

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