京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18413号 / 情博第528号 / 新制||情||93(附属図書館) / 31271 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻 / (主査)教授 小野寺 秀俊, 教授 守倉 正博, 教授 佐藤 高史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Piezoelectricity crystal is used in different area in industry, such as downhole oil, gas industry, and ballistics. The piezoelectricity crystals are able to create electric fields due to mechanical deformation called the direct piezoelectric effect, or create mechanical deformation due to the effect of electric field called the indirect piezoelectric effect. In this thesis, piezoelectricity effect is the core part. There are 4 parts in the frequency output pressure transducer: two crystal oscillators, phase-locked loop (PLL), mixer, frequency counter. Crystal oscillator is used to activate the piezoelectricity crystal which is made from quartz. The resonance frequency of the piezoelectricity crystal will be increased with the higher pressure applied. The signal of the resonance frequency will be transmitted to the PLL. The function of the PLL is detect the frequency change in the input signal and makes the output of the PLL has the same frequency and same phase with the input signal. The output of the PLL will be transmitted to a Mixer. The mixer has two inputs and one output. One input signal is from the pressure crystal oscillator and another one is from the reference crystal oscillator. The frequency difference of the two signal will transmitted to the frequency counter from the output of the mixer. Thus, the frequency output pressure transducer with a frequency counter is a portable device which is able to measure the pressure without oscilloscope or computer.

Many distributed energy resource (DER) systems are remotely located and are often interfaced at low or medium voltage levels through power electronics converters such as voltage-sourced converters (VSC). Therefore, a weak-grid situation is encountered where the voltage and frequency at the point of DER coupling can experience fluctuations. A power converter designed to operate in normal and strong grid conditions may not perform satisfactorily during such weak and distorted grid conditions. Hence, considering the full dynamics of the system during weak-grid conditions in the design of converter control is indispensable to ensure the stability of the DER and the grid. For instance, the phase-locked loop (PLL) has been identified as a critical component of the VSC controller that can compromise the DER performance during weak-grid conditions. This dissertation investigates and enhances the performances of inverters connected to weak and polluted grids. It primarily presents a novel approach of enhancing the inverter current controller by including the PLL state variables among the entire system state and use them to optimally generate the control input for the VSC. This mitigates the loop interactions between the PLL and other control loops resulting in a mitigation of the oscillations that could cause system instabilities. The procedure is accomplished using the recently developed linear model of the enhanced PLL (EPLL) for single-phase applications and using a model of the three-phase PLL developed in this dissertation. Extensive simulation and experimental results are presented to evaluate and validate the proposed control approaches. Full practical models of all system components are considered for simulation studies. The experimental tests are done on a practical inverter connected to the utility grid. Significant improvement of the inverter performance in weak-grid conditions is confirmed. This dissertation offers a systematic way of integrating and designing the PLL and controller in a VSC to achieve a robust performance in weak-grid conditions.

No description available.

No description available.

Στη διατριβή αυτή προτείνονται, αναλύονται και υλοποιούνται εναλλακτικές τοπολογίες για δυο από τα κύρια υποσυστήματα ενός πομποδέκτη, τον τοπικό ταλαντωτή και τον ενισχυτή χαμηλού θορύβου. Το κύριο σύστημα που εξετάζεται είναι αυτό του τοπικού ταλαντωτή, όπου μελετούνται και υλοποιούνται τοπολογίες ταλαντωτών και βρόχων που λειτουργούν υπό εμβολή, με κύριο προσανατολισμό την ελαχιστοποίηση του θορύβου φάσης. Ο προτεινόμενος βρόχος εμβολής προσφέρει την δυνατότητα χρησιμοποίησής του σε multiband συστήματα με ταυτόχρονη μάλιστα λειτουργία στις ζώνες των 2.4 GHz και 5.2 GHz για την περίπτωση των ασύρματων τοπικών δικτύων. Ένας τέτοιος βρόχος μπορεί να συμβάλει καθοριστικά στην ελαχιστοποίηση του μεγέθους και της κατανάλωσης του συνολικού multiband συστήματος. Προτείνεται και υλοποιείται ένας ταλαντωτής εμβολής (injection-locked oscillator) και διερευνάται η δυνατότητά του να λειτουργεί παράλληλα και ως μίκτης δίνοντας ένα κύκλωμα πολλαπλών λειτουργιών και εφαρμογών. Το κύκλωμα αυτό ανάλογα με τα σήματα που εμφανίζονται στην είσοδό του λειτουργεί ως απλός ταλαντωτής, ως ταλαντωτής εμβολής, ή ως ίδιο-ταλαντούμενος μίκτης. Προτείνεται και υλοποιείται βρόχος εμβολής (injection-locked phase-locked loop, ILPLL) και μελετάται η βελτίωση στον θόρυβο φάσης και την περιοχή κλειδώματος. Στα πλαίσια των ILPLL μελετώνται και υλοποιούνται βρόχοι εμβολής στην θεμελιώδη συχνότητα και βρόχοι υπό-αρμονικής (sub-harmonic) εμβολής (s-ILPLL). Ο βρόχος υπό-αρμονικής εμβολής χρησιμοποιεί σήμα εμβολής στα 2.5 GHz και παράγει συχνότητα εξόδου 5 GHz. Στα πλαίσια της διερεύνησης του θορύβου φάσης σε συστήματα τοπικών ταλαντωτών μελετάται η διάταξη του συνθέτη διπλού βρόχου και αναπτύσσεται μία πρωτότυπη τοπολογία με καλύτερα χαρακτηριστικά στον θόρυβο φάσης σε σύγκριση με τις κλασικές αρχιτεκτονικές διπλού βρόχου. Σε όλες τις παραπάνω διατάξεις, παρουσιάζονται, η μαθηματική ανάλυση για τον θόρυβο φάσης και τα αποτελέσματα των θεωρητικών υπολογισμών. Η ορθότητα των προτάσεων και η λειτουργία των προτεινόμενων διατάξεων επαληθεύεται με μετρήσεις των πειραματικών πρωτοτύπων. Τέλος, στα πλαίσια της διατριβής προτείνεται ένας ενισχυτής χαμηλού θορύβου που περιλαμβάνει κύκλωμα ελέγχου του κέρδους, το οποίο δίνει την δυνατότητα στο σύστημα να «επιλέξει» την επιθυμητή ενίσχυση ανάλογα με τις συνθήκες, μειώνοντας έτσι σημαντικά την κατανάλωση σε περιπτώσεις όπου αυτό είναι δυνατό. Περιλαμβάνει επίσης και φίλτρο απόρριψης ειδώλου που ελέγχεται από εξωτερική τάση συντονισμού. / In this dissertation we propose, study and develop alternative topologies for two of the most important blocks of a Front-End, the Local Oscillator and the Low Noise Amplifier. We are mainly concerned with the analysis of various local oscillator topologies, studying the phase noise and the injection-locking performance of oscillators and phase-locked loops. The overall performance of the experimental design demonstrates the applicability of the proposed approach to the development of dual-band synthesizers (2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz), which constitute very important subsystems for modern multiband/multistandard transceivers in WLAN applications. We propose and develop an injection locked oscillator (ILO) and investigate the ability to operate simultaneously as a mixer resulting in a multifunctional circuit. The proposed circuit topology operates as: a) a free-running oscillator, b) both an injection-locked oscillator and a subharmonic injection-locked oscillator (s-ILO), c) both a self-oscillating mixer and a harmonic self-oscillating mixer (h-SOM), and d) a subharmonic injection-locked self-oscillating mixer (s-ILSOM). We propose and develop a different approach for ILPLL design at 5 GHz by applying a technique used in optical communications. We newly address the phase-noise analysis using the loop linear model and compare the results with previously reported work. Furthermore, we address the phase noise improvement of subharmonic ILPLLs, especially for the 5-GHz band. Theoretical analysis and computer calculations demonstrate an improved performance for phase noise and power consumption. We present the analysis and experimental evaluation of a modified dual-loop phase locked loop synthesizer, using the phase noise transfer functions resulting from the linear model of the synthesizer. The different arrangement in the high frequency loop, in contrast to previous reported series-connected dual-loop topologies, offers various advantages, such as improved phase noise, finer resolution and lower spurious levels. Discrete elements are used to implement a prototype system for testing. This adds to the flexibility of the design and allows for experimental optimisation of the loop trade-offs. The synthesizer generates signals in the 4850 MHz to 5050 MHz range with a 10 MHz resolution and can match the specifications for wireless LANs operating at 5 GHz. The design resulted in a prototype with very good characteristics suitable for future integration. For all the proposed topologies we present the mathematical analysis and calculated results for the phase noise. Measurement results illustrate the validity of the proposed analyses, demonstrate the main characteristics, and confirm the feasibility of the proposed systems. Finally, a bipolar Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is designed in this thesis. The IC contains the LNA core, an externally programmed bias network and an image rejection filter. The externally programmed bias network allows the user to select the bias current in an adaptive manner, depending upon the requirements of the individual system. (Low NF, high gain, low consumption etc). Furthermore, the chip can be powered down by sending an appropriate bit stream to the bias network.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer e compreender melhor os imprevistos no fornecimento de energia elétrica, quando ocorrem as variações de tensão de curta duração (VTCD). O banco de dados necessário para os diagnósticos das faltas foi obtido através de simulações de um modelo de alimentador radial através do software PSCAD/EMTDC. Este trabalho utiliza um Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) com o intuito de detectar VTCDs e realizar a estimativa automática da frequência, do ângulo de fase e da amplitude das tensões e correntes da rede elétrica. Nesta pesquisa, desenvolveram-se duas redes neurais artificiais: uma para identificar e outra para localizar as VTCDs ocorridas no sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. A técnica aqui proposta aplica-se a alimentadores trifásicos com cargas desequilibradas, que podem possuir ramais laterais trifásicos, bifásicos e monofásicos. No desenvolvimento da mesma, considera-se que há disponibilidade de medições de tensões e correntes no nó inicial do alimentador e também em alguns pontos esparsos ao longo do alimentador de distribuição. Os desempenhos das arquiteturas das redes neurais foram satisfatórios e demonstram a viabilidade das RNAs na obtenção das generalizações que habilitam o sistema para realizar a classificação de curtos-circuitos. / The objective of this work is to know and understand the unforeseen in the supply of electricity, when there are short duration voltage variations (SDVV). The required databases for the diagnosis of faults were obtained through simulations of a model of radial feeder through software PSCAD/EMTDC. This work uses a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) in order to detect and perform the estimation SDVV automatic frequency, phase angle and amplitude of the voltage and current from the power grid. This research is developing two artificial neural networks: one to identify and another to locate the SDVV occurred in the distribution system of electricity. The technique proposed here applies to three-phase feeders with unbalanced loads, which can have side extensions triphasic, biphasic and monophasic. In developing the same, it is considered that there is availability of measurements of voltages and currents at the node of the initial feeder and also in some points scattered along the distribution feeder. The performances of the architectures of neural networks were satisfactory and demonstrate the feasibility of ANNs in obtaining the generalizations that enables the system for the classification of short circuits.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer e compreender melhor os imprevistos no fornecimento de energia elétrica, quando ocorrem as variações de tensão de curta duração (VTCD). O banco de dados necessário para os diagnósticos das faltas foi obtido através de simulações de um modelo de alimentador radial através do software PSCAD/EMTDC. Este trabalho utiliza um Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) com o intuito de detectar VTCDs e realizar a estimativa automática da frequência, do ângulo de fase e da amplitude das tensões e correntes da rede elétrica. Nesta pesquisa, desenvolveram-se duas redes neurais artificiais: uma para identificar e outra para localizar as VTCDs ocorridas no sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica. A técnica aqui proposta aplica-se a alimentadores trifásicos com cargas desequilibradas, que podem possuir ramais laterais trifásicos, bifásicos e monofásicos. No desenvolvimento da mesma, considera-se que há disponibilidade de medições de tensões e correntes no nó inicial do alimentador e também em alguns pontos esparsos ao longo do alimentador de distribuição. Os desempenhos das arquiteturas das redes neurais foram satisfatórios e demonstram a viabilidade das RNAs na obtenção das generalizações que habilitam o sistema para realizar a classificação de curtos-circuitos. / The objective of this work is to know and understand the unforeseen in the supply of electricity, when there are short duration voltage variations (SDVV). The required databases for the diagnosis of faults were obtained through simulations of a model of radial feeder through software PSCAD/EMTDC. This work uses a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) in order to detect and perform the estimation SDVV automatic frequency, phase angle and amplitude of the voltage and current from the power grid. This research is developing two artificial neural networks: one to identify and another to locate the SDVV occurred in the distribution system of electricity. The technique proposed here applies to three-phase feeders with unbalanced loads, which can have side extensions triphasic, biphasic and monophasic. In developing the same, it is considered that there is availability of measurements of voltages and currents at the node of the initial feeder and also in some points scattered along the distribution feeder. The performances of the architectures of neural networks were satisfactory and demonstrate the feasibility of ANNs in obtaining the generalizations that enables the system for the classification of short circuits.

The aim of this project was to devise an algorithm for three phase AC power grid measurements that could be utilized in an excitation system for controlling generators. This application requires fast and accurate measurements even when the voltages in the power grid are characterized by unbalanced three-phase, frequency variations and harmonic distortions. Phase locked loop algorithms are used in grid synchronization techniques and are developed to withstand disturbances in the power grid. A DSOGI-PLL was implemented on a PLC and then evaluated. The DSOGI-PLL was tested with input voltages generated by a relay testing system. The result showed that the DSOGI-PLL could measure positive sequence component RMS and grid frequency of unbalanced three-phase voltages and voltages characterized by frequency variations and harmonic distortions. However, the measurements response time and accuracy did not meet the requirements for application in excitation systems.