Background: Childhood obesity is epidemic, and Hispanic children bear a particularly high health burden because of it. Evidence suggests that obesity prevention is a better option than intervention. Because schools have decreased the amount of time spent in physical education classes, leisure time has become the time to engage in physical activity, which may prevent obesity. Social ecology theory posits that a person’s interaction with the environment has a strong influence on health promoting behavior. Further, this theory suggests that cultural values also play a role. The extant literature points to the sedentary nature of Hispanic children. However, it does not provide a description of the activities that children engage in during their leisure time, or how they are influenced by their family, culture, and community’s environment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and provide an understanding of how leisure time is viewed by Hispanic families, and how family and culture influences Hispanic children’s participation in leisure time activity. Two broad research questions were addressed: 1) How do Hispanic families describe leisure time activities? and 2) How do culture, family and the community environment influence a Hispanic child’s participation in leisure time activities? Methods: This ethnographic study incorporated photographs taken by English-speaking Hispanic mothers of children between 6 and 10 years old (n=10) as they engaged in leisure activities for one week. The participants engaged in photo-elicited interviews, describing the children’s activities and performed initial data analysis by sorting the photos in the categories of activities. Findings: Girls were more sedentary, engaging in intellectually stimulating and creative play activities inside, with family members or alone. Boys were more active, engaging in unstructured play activities outside with family members or friends. The children engaged in these activities to promote their health, prepare for their adult lives, and for fun. Cultural tensions experienced by the children’s parents had a profound influence on their leisure time choices and decisions. Activities were used to prepare the children for a better life, and to teach them to balance work and fun. Ultimately, the participants wanted their children to live a balanced life; one that is happy, healthy, and successful. Relevance: The children engaged in purposefully planned leisure activities aimed to ensure their health, happiness, and success in the U.S. The participants acknowledged that to achieve a better life, the children must become expert multicultural navigators. While many of the activities were sedentary, they had important implications for the children’s future. Health care providers must consider how patients view leisure time, and enlist their ideas in order to make children’s activities more physically active.

Cette thèse reconstitue la généalogie d'un genre ornemental méconnu, celui de la photographie décorative. Né avec la photographie au XIXe siècle, au moment même du plus fort débat autour de la question de l'ornement, le photographique devient un véritable paradigme pour la décoration à l'époque contemporaine. De la création de motifs par le biais de la caméra, outil de stylisation moderne par excellence, à l'emploi de l'épreuve comme matière décorative, le photographique constitue un genre d'ornement à part entière, propre au siècle de la machine, de Freud, du capitalisme.Tout au long du XXe siècle, le photographique revêt de sa nouveauté des formes traditionnelles de la décoration murale : papier peint panoramique, fresque murale, vitrail, témoignant de la pérennité de la volonté de dématérialiser l'architecture par l'image. Un phénomène qui atteint son paroxysme dans la façade photographique au tournant du XXIe siècle. En examinant sous l'angle de leur valeur l'ornementale des exemples peu ou pas connus du XXe siècle, le et corpus réunit des photographes comme Laure Albin-Guillot et Thomas Ruff, des architectes comme Le Corbusier, Berthold Lubetkin, Jean Nouvel et Herzog & de Meuron. En plus de situer le photographique dans l'ornementation moderniste, la thèse met aussi au jour la pratique de l'artiste russo-britannique Eugene Mollo dans l'entre-deux-guerres. En filigrane de l'histoire, une production commerciale qui démontre la rémanence du phénomène et souligne l'importance de l'invention technique dans les arts industriels. / The thesis reconstructs the history of photographic ornament. Little known in the history of 20th century architecture, photographic ornament appeared in the 19th century, with the advent of photography itself at one of the most critical moments in the history of ornament. Introduced both as a means to create motifs and as a motif in and of itself in the form of prints and transfers, the photographic paradigm became one of the most important for ornament in the contemporary era. The photographic constitutes a nex genre specific to the century of the machine, of Freud and of capitalism.Throughout the 20th century, photography was udes to modernise traditional forms of mural decoration : panoramic wallpapers, murals, frescos and stained glass. It thus reveals the persistence of the will to dissolve architecture with images, a phenomenon whiwh reaches its apogee in the photographic façade at the turn of the 21th century. The thesis examines examples of large format photography from the 20th in terms of their ornamental value, bringing together a divers corpus of photographers, such as Edward Steichen, Laure Albin-Guillot and Thomas Ruff, and architects such as Le Corbusier, Berthold Lubetkin, Jean Nouvel and Herzog & de Meuron. In addition to identifying the photographic as a form of ornament in modernist architecture, the thesis also brings to light previously unknown practices such as that of thr Russian-British artist Eugene Mollo during the interwar period. Throughout this history, a commercial production parallel to artistic creation highlights the persistence of photographic ornament and the importance of technical invention in the industrial arts.

Thesis (M. Tech.) - Dept. of Visual Arts and Design, Faculty of Human Sciences - Vaal University of Technology. / The digital manipulation of images that are presented as photographs in the media raises issues of interpretation and the possible deception of viewers. The central research question of this study was whether training in the visual arts improves awareness of digital image manipulation of photographs. Secondary aims of the research were to investigate correlations between visual production literacy training and awareness of digital image manipulation of photographs as opposed to general visual literacy training. Secondary aims also include the !investigation of attitudes to the manipulation of photographs in relation to different viewing contexts and various levels of manipulation. The literature review provides background information and theoretical frameworks on the nature of the photographic message and how it is read primarily from a semiotic perspective. A further investigation was done into literature regarding the use of attitudes towards and ethical issues surrounding digital manipulation of photographs. In addition, a review of literature on visual literacy supports the argument that awareness of digital manipulation of photographs should and can be improved. For the empirical component of the study, a total of 145 students at the Vaal University of Technology with low, medium and high visual literacy training participated on a voluntary basis. Both qualitative and quantitative data was gathered through a digitally administered questionnaire on six visual images, each manipulated to a different degree. The results show that production literacy, especially specific training in digital image manipulation software, emerged as the main variable to be significantly (beta coefficient = 0.051; Pearson's r value = 0.436) associated with awareness of manipulation techniques as opposed to general visual literacy (standardised regression coefficieFlt = 0.436; Pearson's r = 0.051 ). Findings regarding attitudes to manipulation and the impact of viewing context show no difference between groups. Emanating from these results possibilities for further research were formulated.

Thesis (M. Tech. - Dept. of Visual Arts and Design, Faculty of Human Sciences) / The aim of the study The aim of the study is to find an optimal research methodology that is both beneficial to qualitative researchers (regarding data quality and interviewee participation) and research participants (regarding enjoyment of the research process and means of expression). This takes the form of a comparison assessing the use of the visual method of photo-elicitation in qualitative interviews. Firstly, photo-elicitation interviews and standard qualitative interviews as two different methodologies are compared. In this study the research subjects are children, and as noted in Chapter 3, photo-elicitation is particularly applicable to young research subjects, as it tends to break down the communication barriers / SENEX

<div>This thesis includes two parts. The main part is on the topic of conductivity prediction for Inkjet printed silver electrodes. The second part is about the follow-up work of toner usage prediction of laser electro-photographic printers. </div><div><br></div><div>For conductivity prediction of Inkjet printed silver electrodes part, the brief introduction is described below. Recently, electronic devices made with Inkjet printing technique and flexible thin films have attracted great attention due to their potential applications in sensor manufacturing. This imaging system has become a great tool to monitor the quality of Inkjet printed electrodes due to the fact that most thickness or resistance measuring devices can destroy the surface of a printed electrode or even whole electrode. Thus, a non-contact image-based approach to estimate sheet resistance of Inkjet printed electrodes is developed.</div><div><br></div><div>The approach has two stages. Firstly, strip-shaped electrodes are systematically printed with various printing parameters. The sheet resistance measurement data as</div><div>well as images of the electrodes are acquired. Then, based on the real experimental data, the fitting model is constructed and further used in predicting the sheet</div><div>resistance of the Inkjet printed silver electrodes.</div><div><br></div><div>For toner usage prediction part, the introduction is described below. With the widespread use of laser electro-photographic printers in both industry and households fields, estimation of toner usage has great significance to ensuring the full utilization of each cartridge. The follow-up work is focused on testing and improving feasibility, reliability, and adaptability of the Black Box Model (BBM) based two-stage strategy in estimating the toner usage. Comparing with previous methods, the training process for the firrst stage requires less time and disk storage, all while maintaining high accuracy. For the second stage, experiments are performed on various models of printers, with cyan(C), magenta(M), yellow(Y), and black(K) color cartridges.</div>

Colonial and apartheid policies imposed a segregated urban form on Johannesburg and have led to a limited and generally incoherent knowledge of the city across most segments of the population. Representations of the city in cultural mediums including film allow residents to cross boundaries and make conceptual and practical connections and are therefore important in addressing past legacies. Johannesburg’s moving image history is only ten years younger than the city and over this time the representation of the city in film has provided insight into the nature of this urban agglomeration. But the representation of the city in film has been inconsistent and erratic and requires close analysis. It is important to understand the ways in which the city has been represented and how it features in popular mediums of culture and also how it contributes to the discourse of the city. There is very little understanding of how films are being received by residents of the spaces and places depicted on the screen, and even less on how these films influence the everyday practices of these residents. This thesis draws on the idea of a ‘circuit of culture’ to explore both the representation of the city through film, and the impact of this representation on urban practice. To structure this analysis the thesis makes use of four lenses: materiality; identity; mobility; and crime. It provides an analysis of films with Johannesburg as a major location that were produced and screened after 1994. Surveys and interviews were conducted in four different locations in the city, each of which have been the site of film production and have been distinctly represented on the screen: Chiawelo; CBD; Fordsburg; and, Melville. The study concludes that film can facilitate a greater understanding of the complex city for the residents of Johannesburg but that there are nevertheless clear limitations to what film can achieve. Films provide information and ‘accessibility’ to unknown spaces, encouraging interaction with the city, through exploration, familiarity and comfort but film can also be a conservative medium that reduces and typecasts complexity. Films often reinforce spatial stereotypes but they can also produce a “resistant reading” that helps transgress spatial boundaries.

A pesquisa apresenta um levantamento de dados sobre o tratamento documental de coleções fotográficas em museus de arte, após a incorporação da fotografia em seus acervos. Foram selecionados, como estudos de caso, os seguintes museus de arte de São Paulo: Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, Museu Lasar Segall e o Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa é contextualizada através da compilação de dados sobre os caminhos institucionais para preservação da fotografia e sobre o processo de assimilação da fotografia pelos museus de arte, evidenciado a partir da segunda metade do século XX. No caso dos museus de arte, pode-se observar que cada instituição percorreu uma trajetória para incorporar e documentar fotografias. Utilizam atualmente sistemas informatizados e bancos de dados como métodos de documentação e enfrentam a problemática de classificar e documentar as fotografias da coleção detalhadamente, devido à diversidade da arte contemporânea que faz uso da linguagem fotográfica, bem como da fotografia produzida na contemporaneidade. A variedade de processos e técnicas relacionados à fotografia e o hibridismo entre tipologias artísticas fazem da documentação de fotografias nos museus de arte um trabalho em constante aperfeiçoamento. / The research presents a survey of data about the documentary treatment of the photographic collections in art museums, after the incorporation of photograph in your holdings. It were selected, as case studies, the following São Paulo art museums: Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, Museu Lasar Segall and Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo. The research is contextualized by compiling data about institutional paths for preservation of photography and about the process of assimilation of photography by art museums, evidenced from the second half of the 20th century. In the case of art museums, it can be seen that each institution traveled a trajectory for incorporate and documenting photographs. They currently use computerized systems and databases as methods of documentation and face the problematic of classifying and documenting the photographs of the collection in detail, because of the diversity of contemporary art that makes use of the photographic language and the photography produced in contemporary times. The variety of processes and techniques related to photography and hybridism between artistic typologies make of the documentation of photography in art museums a work in constant improvement.

A exposição das baleias-jubarte (Megaptera novaeangliae) aos impactos antropogênicos está aumentando devido à crescente recuperação da população posterior à proibição da caça comercial, associado ao incremento das atividades humanas nas áreas de reprodução e migração da espécie. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre saúde e processos patológicos em baleias-jubarte no Brasil. O presente estudo investigou o estado de saúde da população de baleias-jubarte que migra sazonalmente para a costa sudeste e nordeste do Brasil, buscando identificar eventuais enfermidades letais e não letais, por meio de análises histopatológicas e estudo de osteopatias, assim como, quantificar as ocorrências das interações antropogênicas prejudiciais à espécie. A avaliação dos efeitos decorrentes das ações antropogênicas foi realizada a partir de imagens obtidas de baleias foto-identificadas em vida livre ao longo de 5 anos (2008-2012), por meio das quais foram caracterizadas as lesões cutâneas e quantificadas as marcas decorrentes de interações antropogênicas, predatórias ou intraespecíficas. Dessa forma, obteve-se uma estimativa dos indivíduos que sobreviveram a emalhes em apetrechos de pesca, colisões com embarcações e/ou interações com predadores. A prevalência das lesões cutâneas foi estimada utilizando-se uma abordagem conservadora, porém sistemática, e poderá ser utilizada como base para o uma avaliação contínua do estado de saúde desta população de baleias-jubarte. A investigação de processos patológicos em animais encalhados foi realizada valendo-se da análise histopatológica dos tecidos de 19 animais encontrados em bom estado de conservação, enquanto as osteopatias foram estudadas por meio da análise macroscópica do tecido esquelético de 49 animais necropsiados. Análise imuno-histoquímica foi utilizada em casos selecionados para pesquisa de Morbillivirus. Os achados histopatológicos demonstraram que grande parte dos filhotes que encalham apresenta sinais de distúrbios neonatais ou perinatais, além de serem suscetíveis a processos infecciosos. O estudo de lesões esqueléticas em animais encalhados demostrou que as baleias-jubarte são suscetíveis a processos degenerativos, infecciosos, traumáticos e malformações do desenvolvimento. Este estudo apresenta uma primeira visão sobre condições sanitárias e processos patológicos em baleias-jubarte no Brasil e pode direcionar os estudos futuros nesta área. Através do monitoramento da ocorrência de lesões não-letais bem como através da investigação dos processos patológicos e causas de morte das baleias-jubarte, este estudo apresenta indicadores das condições do ambiente onde estes animais vivem, podendo contribuir para as ações de manejo e conservação da espécie. / The exposure of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) to anthropogenic impacts is increasing due to population recovery following the legal ban on commercial whaling, together with the increment of human activities at the species breeding grounds and migration routes. However, little is known about the health and pathologic processes in humpback whales in Brazil. The present study investigated the health status of the population of humpback whales that seasonally migrate to the southeastern and northeastern Brazilian coast, aiming to identify possible lethal and nonlethal diseases, through histopathological analysis and study of osteopathies, as well as to quantify the occurrence of anthropogenic interactions, detrimental to the species. The evaluation was carried out through image analysis from photo-identified whales in the wild, during 5 years (2008-2012), through which skin lesions and scars were characterized, and anthropogenic, predatory or inter-specific marks were quantified. An estimate on individuals who survived to entanglement in fishing gear, collisions with vessels and/or interactions with predators was obtained. The investigation of pathologic processes in stranded animals performed by means of histopathological analysis of tissues from 19 animals found in good condition, while osteopathies were studied through macroscopic analysis on skeletal tissue of 49 necropsied animals. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out in selected cases to search for Morbillivirus. The prevalence of skin lesions was estimated using a conservative, but systematic, approach and may be used as the basis for a long term assessment of the health status of this humpback whale population. Histopathological findings showed that most stranded calves had signs of perinatal or neonatal disorders, and are susceptible to infections. The study of skeletal lesions in stranded animals has shown that humpback whales are susceptible to degenerative, infectious and traumatic processes, and malformations. Finally, data obtained in this study present a first overview on health conditions and pathological processes in humpback whales in Brazil and may guide future studies in this area. By monitoring the occurrence of nonlethal lesions, as well as investigating pathological processes and causes of death of humpback whales, this study provides the environmental conditions in which these animals live and can contribute for the management and conservation actions for the species.

Nas instituições arquivísticas, as imagens estão cada vez mais acessíveis através da web. A pesquisa analisa a descrição dos documentos fotográficos digitais neste contexto, sejam eles produtos da digitalização da imagem física, isto é, produzida em processos analógicos, ou das imagens nato-digitais. Visa analisar o acesso em ambientes virtuais, através da padronização das normas de descrição arquivística. Para isso, foi utilizado o AtoM, software desenvolvido pelo Conselho Internacional de Arquivo (CIA), ferramenta totalmente voltada para web, que segue padrões de normas arquivísticas como a ISAD(G). Com o objetivo de complementar as especificidades do documento fotográfico, analisamos a ferramenta Sepiades, desenvolvida pelo CIA para descrever coleções fotográficas, atendendo às normas arquivísticas. Através da análise das duas ferramentas, realizada por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, verificamos que o AtoM é a ferramenta mais indicada para a descrição dos documentos. Como resultado, geramos um quadro para descrição de documentos fotográficos arquivísticos com base no AtoM, compatibilizado com os parâmetros do modelo Sepiades. / In archival institutions, images are increasingly accessible through the web. The research analyzes the description of digital photographic documents in this context, whether they are products of physical image scanning, that is, produced in analogical processes, or of digital-born images. It aims to analyze access in virtual environments, through the standardization of the norms of archival description. For this purpose, AtoM was used, software developed by the International Archive Council (CIA), a web-based tool that follows the standards of archival standards such as ISAD(G). In order to complement the specificities of the photographic document, we analyzed the Sepiades tool, developed by the CIA to describe photographic collections, meeting archival standards. Through the analysis of the two tools, carried out through bibliographical and documentary research, we verified that the AtoM is the most suitable tool for the description of the documents. As a result, we generated a framework for describing archival photographic documents based on AtoM, compatible with the parameters of the Sepiades model

A presente Tese propõe uma nova abordagem da leitura de textos do período conhecido por Barroco e, para isso, fez-se necessário criar novos termos que correspondessem a essa expectativa: a iconofotologia e poemas fotográficos. Para que um leitor contemporâneo possa ler e compreender textos daquele período, teria de ter acesso a uma chave sígnica a que somente os leitores do Barroco tinham acesso: as iconologias. No entanto, esse referencial se perdeu, por isso temos de substituí-lo por um outro, a partir do acervo imagético-fotográfico de que dispomos hoje e que chamamos de iconofotológico. A partir dele, será possível lermos, sob o ponto de vista contemporâneo (não sob o ponto de vista seiscentista), os poemas que denominamos fotográficos. / The present Thesis intends to give a new approach to the reading of texts from the period known as Baroque and, for that, it was necessary to create new terms that corresponded to this expectation: the iconophotology and photographic poems. In order to enable a reader to read and understand texts of that period, he would have to have access to a signical key to which only readers of that moment had access: the iconologies. However, such reference has been lost; therefore, we have to replace it by another one, from the imagetic-photographic collection we have, which is called iconophotological. With this premise, it will be possible to read, under the contemporary point of view (not under the baroque point of view), the so- called photographic poems.