<p>The concept of the photographic truth has had a special status for almost 200 years. Yet with the emerge of digital technology and especially digital photography there has been a loss of the particular connection photography has had in reference to reality. The aim of this study is to see in what ways digitalization has affected the credibility of photography from the perspective of professionals in the field of photography. The digital technology that has enabled the large-scale manipulation of photographies is not, however, the main reason for the decreased credibility of photography. The ongoing discussion about the available possibilities concerning digital imagery and manipulation has had a far more powerful effect on the concept of the photographic truth. Along with these possibilities a post-photographic photograph has seen the light of day. We discuss further some credibility problems caused by this new phenomenon; i.e. the post-photographic photographies can’t be considered to have the same status as the traditional photographies when it comes to presenting reality truthfully. We approached the subject through theory studies and methodically through personal interviews.</p><p>Key words: credibility, digitalization, manipulation, remediation, reality, noeme, and the post-photographic era.</p>

The concept of the photographic truth has had a special status for almost 200 years. Yet with the emerge of digital technology and especially digital photography there has been a loss of the particular connection photography has had in reference to reality. The aim of this study is to see in what ways digitalization has affected the credibility of photography from the perspective of professionals in the field of photography. The digital technology that has enabled the large-scale manipulation of photographies is not, however, the main reason for the decreased credibility of photography. The ongoing discussion about the available possibilities concerning digital imagery and manipulation has had a far more powerful effect on the concept of the photographic truth. Along with these possibilities a post-photographic photograph has seen the light of day. We discuss further some credibility problems caused by this new phenomenon; i.e. the post-photographic photographies can’t be considered to have the same status as the traditional photographies when it comes to presenting reality truthfully. We approached the subject through theory studies and methodically through personal interviews. Key words: credibility, digitalization, manipulation, remediation, reality, noeme, and the post-photographic era.

Min hemstad Säffle har varit medialt exponerad i dokusåpor sedan början av 2000-talet. På webbplatsen YouTube läggs privata klipp upp om staden och människorna som lever där. Vad får exponeringen för konsekvenser? Undersökningens syfte vill synliggöra på vilka sätt en mindre stad presenteras och konstrueras i rörliga bildmedier. Hur ser några av Säffles ungdomar på hur deras hemstad framställs och de dokusåpadeltagare som representerar staden? Jag reste till Säffle för att intervjua fyra elevinformanter som går i årskurs nio på en grundskola om hur de ser på mediernas framställning av staden. De analyserade också YouTube-klipp om staden Säffle i ett filmsamtal. Informanterna introducerades efter intervjun till att själva skapa en reflekterande dokumentation med filmkamera om sin hemstad. Deras filmmaterial presenteras i undersökningens gestaltningsdel. Diskursanalys har använts som verktyg för att synliggöra vad som gör att mediebilden av Säffle presenteras inom konventionella och stereotypa ramar. Undersökningen visar att språket och dialekten är en viktig ingrediens för vem som äger rätt att vara den trovärdiga säfflebon, snarare än visuella attribut. Framför allt TV-medierna verkar vilja få oss att med exotisk blick betrakta landsortens lustiga karaktärer, som tycks skapa bättre TV med utpräglad dialekt. Medierna förstärker dokusåpornas deltagare med hjälp av musik, redigering och utsätter dem för planerade ”lekar” i programmen. På så sätt skapar mediernas berättelser hyperreella karaktärer där gränsen mellan det verkliga och fiktiva upplöses, på samma sätt som en lögnaktig men underhållande skröna. Undersökningen visar att Säffle framställs i medierna som en stad där invånarna gör bort sig och är pinsamma, trots programmens lättsamt humoristiska underhållningsanspråk. Många av de YouTube-klipp som används i undersökningens filmsamtal stämmer väl överens med hur Säffle är, enligt informanterna. Kanske är det så att gränsen mellan ”såpans” konstruktion och dokumentärens ”verklighet” är så hårfin att den knappt är märkbar, även för kritiska säfflebor. Två filmer (Informantfilm och Säffle på YouTube) finns tillgängliga som hör till examensarbetet.

Community-based ecosystem management (CBEM) is increasingly advocated as a way to conserve biodiversity, monitor, and maintain ecosystem functions in the context of local land use practices through an inclusive management approach. However, while CBEM is based in principles of inclusion, there is very little attention in environmental management and education literature directed to the role of youth in stewardship activities, and the environmental learning outcomes and other meanings that may result from these practices.<p>The purpose of this thesis is to describe participatory and experiential environmental learning carried out in the Frenchman River Basin, Southwestern Saskatchewan. Here, I investigated how students participation in an ecological monitoring program contributed to their understanding of their local environment and to their sense of place, and considered how the development of a learning community among students, teachers, community members, and academic researchers influenced these processes.<p>This research adopts a mixed methods approach, employing knowledge-based tests to explore student learning outcomes and using interpretations of place through student photographs and interviews to examine their sense of place. I take a phenomenological approach to defining what constitutes place for students, as well as how sense of place is formed for them, elucidating how their experiences participating in the ecological monitoring program entered the process of meaning construction.<p>This case study found that both experiential and participatory approaches to learning helped foster environmental understanding as well as place appreciation and attachment. The Frenchman River, previously described as a taken-for-granted feature of the familiar landscape and largely associated with its agricultural importance, was re-negotiated as a social space, a place of play, learning, and biological significance. Research findings also suggest that place meanings are deeply rooted in students rural identity, and that this influenced their participant experience, independent of environmental learning outcomes. <p>The creation of a learning community was a mobilizing force for school-based ecological monitoring and information sharing, while acting as a source of symbolic significance for student participants, helping students to see their place from the perspective of an outsider.

The coagulation/flocculation process is an important part of surface water treatment. It has direct impact on the reliability of plant operations and final water qualities together with cost control. Low water temperature has a significant impact on the operation of drinking water treatment plants, especially on coagulation/flocculation processes.<p> A microscopic image technique has been used to study the coagulation and flocculation process in recent years, but it requires sample handling that disturbs the floc characteristics during measurement. A high resolution photographic technique was applied to evaluate flocculation processes in the present work. With this technique, the images of the flocs were obtained directly while the flocculation process was taking place. In combination with camera control software and particle size analysis software, this procedure provided a convenient means of gathering data to calculate size distribution. Once the size distribution was calculated, the floc growth and floc size change in the aggregation process could be analyzed. Results show that low water temperature had a detrimental impact on aggregation processes. A water temperature of 0 °C resulted in a slow floc growth and small floc size. Although the floc growth rates at 4 °C and 1 °C were less than those at 22 °C, they were higher than at 0 °C. To improve aggregation processes at low water temperature, adding the coagulant aid of anionic copolymer of acrylamide into the water was found to be effective when the temperature was not less than 1 °C. However, it made only a slight impact on aggregation when the temperature approached 0 °C. At water temperatures of 22 °C, 4 °C and 1 °C, the polymer caused the formation of large floc (larger than 0.5 mm2 in projected area). The polymer significantly shortened the required time of flocculation and sedimentation. Three minutes of flocculation and 20 minutes of sedimentation were sufficient for the polymer to achieve good treatment performance, while the flocculation time and sedimentation time had to be 20 and 60 minutes, respectively, without using the polymer. On the other hand, when the temperature was close to 0 °C, the polymer did not cause the formation of the large floc, nor did it shorten the time of flocculation and sedimentation.<p> The experimental results in this research agree with the model for flocculation kinetics given by Argaman and Kaufman (1970). With decreasing water temperature, the aggregation constant (KA) decreased and breakup constant (KB) increased. KA and KB with aluminum sulfate was close to those with ferric sulfate, respectively. <p> In treating the South Saskatchewan River water, an aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate dosage greater than 50 mg/L resulted in marginal gains in treatment efficiency. Decreasing dosages of aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate caused lower floc growth rates and smaller floc sizes. Extremely low dosages (5 mg/L or less) resulted in poor floc formation and extremely small sizes.

This thesis presents a photography curriculum for a beginning high school level photography class. It is designed as a teaching guide to structure a photography class that incorporates both film photography and digital photographic technology. One of the biggest challenges for teachers of photography is how to structure a curriculum with a limited number of enlargers and space in the darkroom, while incorporating digital technology with limited computer access for students. The curriculum presented here includes three major parts: a traditional photographic film component, a digital photography component, and a concepts component where students will experiment with different photographic techniques of manipulation as well as tackle photographic history, criticism, and visual literacy.

The coagulation/flocculation process is an important part of surface water treatment. It has direct impact on the reliability of plant operations and final water qualities together with cost control. Low water temperature has a significant impact on the operation of drinking water treatment plants, especially on coagulation/flocculation processes.<p> A microscopic image technique has been used to study the coagulation and flocculation process in recent years, but it requires sample handling that disturbs the floc characteristics during measurement. A high resolution photographic technique was applied to evaluate flocculation processes in the present work. With this technique, the images of the flocs were obtained directly while the flocculation process was taking place. In combination with camera control software and particle size analysis software, this procedure provided a convenient means of gathering data to calculate size distribution. Once the size distribution was calculated, the floc growth and floc size change in the aggregation process could be analyzed. Results show that low water temperature had a detrimental impact on aggregation processes. A water temperature of 0 °C resulted in a slow floc growth and small floc size. Although the floc growth rates at 4 °C and 1 °C were less than those at 22 °C, they were higher than at 0 °C. To improve aggregation processes at low water temperature, adding the coagulant aid of anionic copolymer of acrylamide into the water was found to be effective when the temperature was not less than 1 °C. However, it made only a slight impact on aggregation when the temperature approached 0 °C. At water temperatures of 22 °C, 4 °C and 1 °C, the polymer caused the formation of large floc (larger than 0.5 mm2 in projected area). The polymer significantly shortened the required time of flocculation and sedimentation. Three minutes of flocculation and 20 minutes of sedimentation were sufficient for the polymer to achieve good treatment performance, while the flocculation time and sedimentation time had to be 20 and 60 minutes, respectively, without using the polymer. On the other hand, when the temperature was close to 0 °C, the polymer did not cause the formation of the large floc, nor did it shorten the time of flocculation and sedimentation.<p> The experimental results in this research agree with the model for flocculation kinetics given by Argaman and Kaufman (1970). With decreasing water temperature, the aggregation constant (KA) decreased and breakup constant (KB) increased. KA and KB with aluminum sulfate was close to those with ferric sulfate, respectively. <p> In treating the South Saskatchewan River water, an aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate dosage greater than 50 mg/L resulted in marginal gains in treatment efficiency. Decreasing dosages of aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate caused lower floc growth rates and smaller floc sizes. Extremely low dosages (5 mg/L or less) resulted in poor floc formation and extremely small sizes.

Community-based ecosystem management (CBEM) is increasingly advocated as a way to conserve biodiversity, monitor, and maintain ecosystem functions in the context of local land use practices through an inclusive management approach. However, while CBEM is based in principles of inclusion, there is very little attention in environmental management and education literature directed to the role of youth in stewardship activities, and the environmental learning outcomes and other meanings that may result from these practices.<p>The purpose of this thesis is to describe participatory and experiential environmental learning carried out in the Frenchman River Basin, Southwestern Saskatchewan. Here, I investigated how students participation in an ecological monitoring program contributed to their understanding of their local environment and to their sense of place, and considered how the development of a learning community among students, teachers, community members, and academic researchers influenced these processes.<p>This research adopts a mixed methods approach, employing knowledge-based tests to explore student learning outcomes and using interpretations of place through student photographs and interviews to examine their sense of place. I take a phenomenological approach to defining what constitutes place for students, as well as how sense of place is formed for them, elucidating how their experiences participating in the ecological monitoring program entered the process of meaning construction.<p>This case study found that both experiential and participatory approaches to learning helped foster environmental understanding as well as place appreciation and attachment. The Frenchman River, previously described as a taken-for-granted feature of the familiar landscape and largely associated with its agricultural importance, was re-negotiated as a social space, a place of play, learning, and biological significance. Research findings also suggest that place meanings are deeply rooted in students rural identity, and that this influenced their participant experience, independent of environmental learning outcomes. <p>The creation of a learning community was a mobilizing force for school-based ecological monitoring and information sharing, while acting as a source of symbolic significance for student participants, helping students to see their place from the perspective of an outsider.

This study has an aim of exploring how a Turkish architectural magazine, Arredamento Mimarlik, communicates itself to the reader by its cover designs. Since, representation is a tool for architects to transmit ideas and express positions in the discipline of architecture, usage of representation in architectural media has a critical role to promote the communication in architecture. The theoretical framework of the research based on the photographic image investigation of Roland Barthes. In the light of this investigation, the study cites that photographic images with accompaniment of texts transmit messages which construct the communicative role of magazine covers in architectural media. In the realm of predefined identity of a magazine, the interpretation of cover concept confronts with a critical position which identifies magazine&rsquo / s approach to both architecture and its mediatic character. Since Arredamento-Mimarlik is a significant magazine which has a discursive approach on cover concept, the publication history and critical position of the magazine is investigated elaborately in the light of B&uuml / lent Erkmen&rsquo / s, the designer of the covers, and Ugur Tanyeli&rsquo / s, the managing editor, citations. Through this survey on Arredamento Mimarlik covers, the representation of architecture in media through a significant representative tool-magazine cover- is studied in terms of signification character of image and text. In this sense, the critical role of magazine which orients the comprehension of architecture in society is emphasized as a discursive value in addition to magazine&rsquo / s informative character.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 21-23).