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Fotoprotetores bioativos contendo extrato de mirtilo (Vaccinium myrtillus L.): caracterização físico-química e funcional / Bioactive sunscreens containing blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.): physicochemical and funcional characterizationNadia Ruscinc 09 March 2018 (has links)
Os efeitos deletérios causados pela radiação ultravioleta (UV) e o aumento significativo no diagnóstico de câncer de pele, confirmam a necessidade de um progresso significativo na pesquisa de produtos fotoprotetores eficazes e seguros, para proteção eficaz da pele. As formulações atuais associam filtros UV, orgânicos e inorgânicos, com eficácia limitada e que podem acarretar reações cutâneas adversas. O extrato de Vaccinium myrtillus L. (EVM) apresenta em sua composição compostos fenólicos, como as antocianinas, que possuem atividade antioxidante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar formulações fotoprotetoras contendo extrato de Vaccinium myrtillus L. com amplo espectro de ação e concentrações reduzidas de filtros UV. As emulsões contendo ou não EVM e filtros orgânicos (octocrileno e metileno bis-benzotriazolil tetrametilbutilfenol) e inorgânico (dióxido de titânio) foram avaliadas e consideradas estáveis perante parâmetros pré-definidos. O perfil de segurança foi determinado pelo método in vitro Hen´s Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) e o potencial antirradicalar do EVM foi confirmado pelo teste de DPPH• A formulação fotoprotetora acrescida de 5,0% de EVM foi avaliada quanto à eficácia fotoprotetora in vivo e in vitro e não demonstrou aumento significativo no FPS quando comparada à formulação que continha somente os filtros solares e, no ensaio referente à hidratação da pele, não houve alteração nos dados, segundo teste de eficácia clínica. Os resultados obtidos sugeriram que mesmo não apresentando aumento no valor de FPS in vivo, a formulação fotoprotetora contendo o extrato, poderia atuar como agente antioxidante evitando os danos provocados pela radiação UV. / The deleterious effects caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) and the significant increase in the diagnosis of skin cancer confirm the need for significant progress in researching effective and safe sunscreen products for effective skin protection. Current formulations associate UV, organic and inorganic filters with limited efficacy that can lead to adverse skin reactions. Vaccinium myrtillus extract (EVM) contains in its composition polyphenols compounds, such as anthocyanins, which have been antioxidant activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate sunscreens containing EVM with broad action spectrum and reduced concentrations of UV filters. Emulsions containing or not EVM and organic (octocrylene and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol) and inorganic (titanium dioxide) filters were evaluated and considered stable under pre-defined parameters. The safety of the emulsion was assessed was determined by the in vitro Hen´s Egg Test - Chorioallantoic Membrane method (HET-CAM) and the antiradical potential of EVM was confirmed by the DPPH• test. The sunscreen formulation containing EVM 5.0% was photoprotective efficacy evaluated in vivo and in vitro and did not show a significant increase in SPF when compared the formulation only with UV filters and no improves skin hydration, according to clinical efficacy assay. The results of the study suggest that even without increase SPF in vivo, the sunscreen formulation containing the extract may show antioxidant activity avoiding damage caused by UV.
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Aplicação do óleo de café em formulações cosméticas: avaliação da estabilidade e da eficácia fotoprotetora / Application of green coffee oil in cosmetic formulations: evaluation of stability and photoprotective efficacyTais Aleriana Lucon Wagemaker 04 July 2013 (has links)
O óleo de café é uma mistura de compostos lipofílicos rico em triglicerídeos de ácidos graxos essenciais, em especial o ácido linoleico. Devido a sua rica composição e ao alto teor de materiais insaponificáveis, o óleo de café extraído dos grãos sem torrefação, possui propriedades emolientes, hidratantes e de proteção contra radiação solar. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver formulações cosméticas estáveis contendo óleo de café e avaliar o potencial fotoprotetor destas. Para isso foram avaliadas diversas combinações de matérias-primas para elaboração de formulação em cremes e géis-cremes das quais foram selecionadas as mais estáveis, por meio de testes de centrifugação, determinação do pH e avaliação organoléptica, para avaliação do comportamento reológico e da presença de cristais líquidos durante 90 dias de armazenamento. As formulações a base de álcool cethearyl alcohol e ceteareth-20 foram as mais estáveis e que apresentaram maior FPS pelos métodos espectrofotométricos de avaliação do fator de proteção solar sendo que as formulações contendo 5 e 10% de óleo foram as melhores na otimização destes dois parâmetros. Estas formulações foram então aplicadas no dorso de animais de experimentação diariamente durante 5 dias e, após este período de tratamento, os animais foram irradiados. No local de aplicação das formulações foram realizadas medidas de biofísica da pele, pelas quais pôde se observar uma menor perda transepidérmica de água para as formulações contendo óleo de café. Além disso, o número de células de queimadura solar contados por análise histológica foi significativamente menor para as formulações contendo filtro e óleo de café em relação à pele sem tratamento, indicando que o óleo de café foi capaz de proteger as células da epiderme contra os efeitos danosos da radiação ultravioleta. Tal efeito protetor pode ser devido, não somente à alta concentração de materiais insaponificáveis que conseguem absorver a radiação UV-B, mas também, à alta concentração de ácidos graxos essenciais que podem auxiliar na reposição, equilíbrio e manutenção da barreira cutânea. Além de ensaios para avaliar a eficácia fotoprotetora \"in vitro\" e \"in vivo\", foram também realizados ensaios de toxicidade \"in vitro\" em Artemia salina, redução do MTT em cultura de queratinócitos e testes clínicos em voluntários, os quais mostraram que o óleo de café e as formulações desenvolvidas não apresentaram toxicidade e irritabilidade dérmica nas concentrações e condições de estudo. Por fim, no que concerne à avaliação sensorial, foram realizados dois painéis sensoriais, em Portugal e no Brasil. Em ambos os locais, maioria das voluntárias percebeu a pele macia e hidratada após a aplicação destas formulações. Ainda nesse sentido, em Lisboa, a maioria das voluntárias percebeu um filme oleoso deixado na pele, o que pode ser um efeito positivo, considerando o uso das formulações em países de clima frio e para pele seca. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que as formulações desenvolvidas foram estáveis, seguras e eficazes tanto para o equilíbrio e manutenção da barreira cutânea quanto para proteção da pele contra radiação ultravioleta, indicando que o óleo de café destaca-se dentre os ingredientes cosméticos utilizados em produtos hidratantes e fotoprotetores por possuir propriedades multifuncionais extremamente importantes e requeridas para a indústria e os consumidores como hidratação, melhora da barreira cutânea e potencial fotoprotetor. / Coffee oil is a mixture of lipophilic ingredients rich in essential fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid. Due to its rich composition and high unsaponifiable matter content, the coffee oil extracted from unroasted coffee beans presents important cosmetic properties such as emolliency, moisturizing and UVB radiation protective effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop stable cosmetic formulations containing coffee oil and to evaluate their safety and photoprotective efficacy. For this, several combinations of cosmetic raw materials were used to prepare emulsions and gel creams. The formulations that did not suffer phase separation in centrifugation tests and did not present changes in pH and organoleptic characteristics, were chosen for evaluation of rheological behavior and liquid crystal presence during 90 days. The formulations composed by cethearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20 were the most stable and presented the highest sun protection factor (SPF). The formulations containing 5 and 10% of coffee oil optimized these two parameters: stability and SPF. The formulations containing coffee oil and the vehicle were applied on the dorsum of the animals once a day for 5 days as a treatment. After this period, the animals were irradiated. On the irradiated local, transepidermal water loss measurements were lower on the region where the formulations containing coffee oil were applied. The sunburn cells number analyzed by histological tests was also significantly lower for the groups treated with coffee oil formulations comparing to the untreated group which indicates that the coffee oil was able to protect the epidermis against the deleterious effects of UV radiation. This photoprotective effect could be due to as high amount of unsaponifiable matter that are able to absorb UVB radiation as high concentration of essential fatty acids that can help in recovering, balance and keeping of skin barrier. In terms of safety assays, the brine shrimp, MTT reduction in keratinocyte cell culture and clinical assays showed that the developed formulations are devoid of considerable toxicity in these experimental conditions. Finally, the sensory properties evaluation were performed using two panels: one in Portugal and other in Brazil. The majority of volunteers perceived smooth and moisturized skin after applying coffee oil formulations in both countries. In Lisbon, the majority of volunteers also perceived an oily film on skin, which can be a positive effect taking into account the use of developed formulations in cold countries and dry skin. Thus, we concluded that the developed formulations were stable, safe and showed efficacy in keeping the cutaneous barrier balance as well as protecting the skin against UV radiation effects. This indicates that the coffee oil highlights among the cosmetic ingredients used in moisturizers and sunscreens due to its multifunctional important and desirable properties for cosmetic industry and consumers such as: hydration, skin barrier improvement and photoprotective effects. This indicates that the coffee oil is a multifunctional active ingredient and has desirable properties for cosmetic industry and consumers such as: emollience, hydration, skin barrier improvement and photoprotective effects.
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Identificação de flavonoides, quantificação de isovitexina e avaliação das atividades antioxidante e fotoprotetora in vitro dos extratos metanólico e glicólico de Passiflora coccinea (Aubl.) / Identification of flavonoids, quantification of isovitexin and evaluation of antioxidant and photoprotective in vitro activities of methanolic and glycolic Passiflora coccinea (Aubl.) extractsSilva, Gisláine Corrêa da, 1985- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Carla Beatriz Grespan Bottoli, Marcos José Salvador / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T00:21:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Silva_GislaineCorreada_M.pdf: 1873801 bytes, checksum: a7d7f44bee98175677f8b5867dd55c96 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: As espécies do gênero Passiflora são ricas em flavonoides, que apresentam atividade antioxidante e, por isso, têm potencial para uso em formulações que combatam o envelhecimento extrínseco da pele. Esse envelhecimento está ligado à formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio pela absorção da radiação ultravioleta. Neste contexto, formulações fotoprotetoras contendo antioxidantes podem contribuir para com a defesa da pele contra essas espécies reativas. Com isso, este trabalho visou à identificação e quantificação de flavonoides nos extratos metanólico (rico em flavonoides) e glicólico (empregável em fitocosméticos), de folhas Passiflora coccinea (Aubl.) obtidos por ultrassom ou maceração à temperatura ambiente ou a 30 °C. Avaliaram-se as atividades antioxidantes, pelos métodos DPPH (radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazil) e ORAC- FL (do inglês Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, realizado com fluoresceína), e fotoprotetoras direta in vitro dos extratos dentro e fora de uma formulação creme. Os extratos metanólicos apresentaram atividades antioxidantes semelhantes entre si, enquanto que, dentre os extratos glicólicos, o de maior atividade, inferior a dos extratos metanólicos, foi obtido por maceração a 30 °C por 72 h. Os extratos foram individualmente incorporados a um creme e não apresentaram fotoproteção direta. Apenas o creme contendo o extrato metanólico a 1,0% (m/m) apresentou atividade antioxidante, mensurável pelo DPPH. Foi constatada a possível presença dos flavonoides vitexina, isovitexina e 2''-O-b-D-glucopiranosil-vitexina por espectrometria de massas (ESI(-)MS/MS) e a confirmação por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector por arranjo de diodos (HPLC-DAD). Quantificou-se a isovitexina nos extratos de maior atividade por HPLC-DAD, encontrando-se (2,28 ± 0,06) mg g no extrato metanólico e (0,18 ± 0,01) mg g no extrato glicólico, revelando o menor poder extrator do propilenoglicol. O método de quantificação foi validado de acordo com o ICH (2005) e os flavonoides encontrados foram descritos pela primeira vez em Passiflora coccinea por este trabalho / Abstract: Passiflora genus comprises flavonoid-rich species. Flavonoids present antioxidant activity and, thus, are potentially useful in anti-aging formulations. The skin ageing process can be linked to reactive oxygen species formation due to UV radiation absorption. In this context, photo protective formulations containing antioxidants may contribute to the skin's defense against these reactive species. Therefore, the present work aimed at the identification and quantification of flavonoids in methanolic (flavonoid-rich) and glycolic (used in phytocosmetics) Passiflora coccinea (Aubl.) extracts obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction, maceration at room temperature and maceration at 30 °C. The antioxidant activity through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhidrazyl radical) and ORAC-FL (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, using fluorescein as a probe) and the in vitro sunscreen activity of the extracts outside of and in a cosmetic formula were evaluated. The methanolic extracts presented similar antioxidant activities, while among the glycolic extracts, the most active one, although presenting inferior performance in relation to the methanolic extracts, was the one obtained by maceration at 30°C for 72 h. All the extracts were individually incorporated into a moisturizing cream and did not present sunscreen activities. Only the methanolic extract cream at 1.0 % (w/w) showed measurable antioxidant activity by the DPPH test. The possible presence of vitexin, isovitexin and 2"-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-vitexin were estabilished by mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS/MS) and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Isovitexin was quantified in the most active extracts by HPLC-DAD, revealing (2.28 ± 0.06) and (0.18 ± 0.01) mg g of isovitexin in the methanolic and glycolic extracts, respectively, and showing the lower extraction power of propylene glycol. The quantification method was validated according to ICH (2005). The flavonoids found in this work are identified for the first time in Passiflora coccinea / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestra em Química
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Light stress and photoprotection in green algae, mosses and diatoms / Stress lumineux et photoprotection chez les algues vertes, mousses et diatoméesStella, Giulio Rocco 13 September 2016 (has links)
Les bases moléculaires des réponses aux excès de lumière chez les organismes photosynthétiques appartenant à des lignées évolutives distinctes ne sont toujours pas complètement caractérisées. Par conséquent, j'ai caractérisé des antennes photoprotectrices dans les algues vertes, les mousses et les diatomées et j'ai exploré la fonction de deux cycles de xanthophylles chez les diatomées.J'ai étudié les protéines Light Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR) dans tous ces organismes. Chez l'algue verte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, j’ai identifié par mutagénèse dirigée, complémentation fonctionnelle et par une approche biochimique les acides aminés responsables de l'activation de LHCSR3, une protéine importante pour le NPQ.Dans le modèle de mousse Physcomitrella patens, j'ai etudié in vitro les caractéristiques spectroscopique ainsi que le quenching de différents mutants de liaison de pigment sur la protéine LHCSR1.Les protéines LHCSR dans les diatomées sont nommées LHCXs, et dans Phaeodactylum tricornutum j'ai montré que l'expansion de la famille des gènes LHCX reflète une diversification fonctionnelle de ces protéines permettant de répondre à des environnements marins très variables.L'autre acteur principal de la photoprotection dans les diatomées est le cycle des xanthophylles. J’ai trouvé que l'accumulation d'une grande quantité de viola- et zéaxanthin a un effet négatif sur le NPQ montrant que la zéaxanthin ne participe pas au NPQ chez diatomées.Grâce à ces études effectuées, nous avons acquis une connaissance plus approfondie sur les caractéristiques communes et les spécificités de la photoprotection.chez différents organismes. / The molecular bases of responses to light excess in photosynthetic organisms having different evolutionary histories and belonging to different lineages are still not completely characterized. Therefore I explored the functions of photoprotective antennae in green algae, mosses and diatoms, together with the role of the two xanthophyll cycles present in diatoms.I studied the Light Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR) proteins in different organisms. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, LHCSR3 is a protein important for photoprotection. I used site-specific mutagenesis in vivo and in vitro and identified three residues of LHCSR3 that are responsible for its activation.With the moss Physcomitrella patens I studied the in vitro spectroscopic and quenching characteristics of different pigment-binding mutants of the protein LHCSR1, focusing in particular on chlorophylls A2 and A5.LHCSRs in diatoms are named LHCXs, and in Phaeodactylum tricornutum I found that multiple abiotic stress signals converge to regulate the LHCX content of cells, providing a way to fine-tune light harvesting and photoprotection.The other main driver of photoprotection in diatoms is the xanthophyll cycle. Here I found that the accumulation of viola- and zeaxanthin in P. tricornutum have a negative effect in the development of NPQ, showing that zeaxanthin does not participate in the enhancing of NPQ in diatoms.Thanks to these studies done on different organisms, we gained a deeper knowledge on the shared characteristics and on the peculiar features about photoprotection in green algae, mosses and diatoms.
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Fotoproteção em Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Rhodophyta): uma abordagem fisiológica e molecular / Photoprotection of Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Rhodophyta): a physiological and molecular approachJosé Bonomi Barufi 12 March 2010 (has links)
A alga vermelha Gracilaria tenuistipitata tem sido utilizada como matéria prima para a produção de ágar e também como modelo para estudos fisiológicos e moleculares. Este trabalho analisou estratégias de fotoproteção contra a radiação UV dessa macroalga por meio de abordagens fisiológicas e moleculares, considerando a previsão de incremento de radiação UVB nas zonas tropicais do planeta nos próximos anos. Além disso, a interação entre a radiação UV e o suprimento de N foi também investigada. Essa interação estimulou a síntese de aminoácidos tipo micosporinas (MAAs) e outros compostos nitrogenados, o que proporciona proteção contra danos no aparato fotossintetizante. O envolvimento de um fotorreceptor para radiação UVA que regule a síntese de MAAs, com o efeito adicional de um segundo fotorreceptor, para radiação UVB é sugerido. Houve uma dependência da dose de radiação UV para aumento de MAAs. O aumento da intensidade da radiação UV causou efeitos negativos nos parâmetros da fotossíntese. Outra abordagem mostrou que a ausência de UVA causou danos ao DNA, com a presença de dímeros de ciclobutano pirimidina após 48 h de exposição à radiação PAR+UVB. Este estudo alerta para a importância da qualidade da radiação de UV e seu efeito biológico efetivo para danos no DNA e na fotoinibição. Fotoliases podem ter sido ativadas para evitar danos no DNA sob tratamentos com a presença de radiação UVA, tal como o sistema de enzimas antioxidantes, os quais desempenharam um papel secundário na fotoproteção da alga. A composição de carotenoides de G. tenuistipitata foi pouco afetada pelos tratamentos com N e UV. Este é o primeiro trabalho a mostrar a presença de anteraxantina em G. tenuistipitata, e se sugere a existência de um ciclo de xantofilas parcial composto por anteraxantina e zeaxantina. Um aspecto adicional foi o papel fotoprotetor de ficoeritrina, observado quando G. tenuistipitata foi tratada na presença de N, com PAR, UVA e UVB. Finalmente, a produtividade de MAAs por G. tenuistipitata foi estimulada sob tratamentos com radiação PAR+UV e suprimento de N, e se propõe que seja realizada uma aplicação em larga escala dessa alga vermelha para uso dessas substâncias como filtros de UV e antioxidantes. Desta forma, G. tenuistipitata foi capaz de lidar com a radiação UV, principalmente quando suprida com N e UVA, obtendo uma fotoproteção eficaz. Uma vez que se espera um aumento do índice de UV na superfície terrestre nos próximos anos, é possível que os organismos em ambientes oligotróficos sofram maiores impactos negativos causados por esta radiação / The red alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata has been used for the production of agar, as well as a model to physiological and molecular studies. This study analysed the photoprotective strategies of this macroalga against UV radiation through physiological and molecular approaches, considering the UV increase in tropical zones predicted by physical models. The interactive role of nitrogen supply and UV radiation was also investigated. The synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and other nitrogenous compounds was stimulated by both UVR and nitrogen, providing photoprotection against damages to photosynthetic apparatus. The involvement of a UVA-photoreceptor in the photocontrol of accumulation of MAAs and an additional effect with further activation of a second UVB-photoreceptor were suggested. There was a dependence of UV radiation dosis on MAAs accumulation. The increase of the UV irradiance caused a negative effect on the photosynthetic activity. The absence of UVA radiation caused DNA damage, with presence of cyclobutane-pirimidin dimmers after 48 h of exposure to PAR+UVB. This study shows the importance of light quality in the UV range and the biological effective irradiances to confer DNA damage and photoinhibition. Photolyases could be activated to avoid DNA damages under UVA treatments, as well as the antioxidant system, which had a possible secondary role on the photoprotection mechanisms. Carotenoid composition of G. tenuistipitata was slightly affected by UV and N treatments. This is the first study to show anteraxanthin in G. tenuistipitata, and the existence of a partial xanthophyll cycle is proposed, based on antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. A further aspect observed was a photoprotective role of phycoerithrin in G. tenuistipitata, under the presence of UVA and UVB plus N supplement. Finally, MAAs productivity of G. tenuistipitata was stimulated under PAR+UV radiation and N supply, and we propose a large-scale application of this red alga for the use of these substances as photoprotector by both UV-screen and antioxidant capacities. Therefore, G. tenuistipitata was able to acclimate to UV radiation, under N-supply and UVA radiation i. e. efficient photoprotection and, considering the foreseen UV increment in the next years, its possible that oligotrophic organisms will suffer more with the negative effects of this radiation
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Lutein and zeaxanthin: use of in vitro models to examine digestive stability, absorption, and photoprotective activity in human lens epithelial cellsChitchumroonchokchai, Chureeporn 19 October 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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Synthèse et caractérisation de dioxyde de cérium nanométrique : applications à la protection topique contre les agents chimiques de guerre et civils et à la photoprotection topique / Synthesis and characterization of nanometric cerium dioxide : applications to topical skin protection against chemical warfare agents and topical photoprotectionBoutard, Tifenn 26 June 2013 (has links)
Les nanomatériaux représentent un créneau de recherche en plein essor dans de nombreuxdomaines. Leurs propriétés inédites leur confèrent de nombreux avantages mais soulèvent égalementdes interrogations quant à leur profil toxicologique. Parmi leurs applications possibles, lesnanomatériaux sont intégrés au sein de topiques protecteurs : dans le secteur militaire, afin de limiterla pénétration cutanée des agents chimiques de guerre et dans le secteur cosmétique, notammentdans les produits de protection solaire. Ce travail porte sur l'intérêt du dioxyde de cérium pur ou dopéau calcium dans ces deux applications. Dans un premier temps, les nanoparticules ont étésynthétisées par une méthode hydrothermale, assistée de la voie micro-ondes. La caractérisation pardifférentes méthodes a permis d'identifier la phase cristalline du CeO2 et a montré que lesnanoparticules présentaient une taille de 3 nm, pouvant être augmentée jusqu'à 95 nm en fonction dutraitement thermique appliqué. Par la suite, l'efficacité des nanoparticules seules puis incorporées ausein de topiques à effets barrières vis-à-vis de la pénétration du paraoxon, agent organophosphoré, aété testée. Une émulsion H/E constituée de 10 % de cérine a permis de réduire de façon significativela pénétration du toxique. Enfin, la photoprotection et la sécurité d'emploi du CeO2 ont été comparéesà celles des filtres solaires, et notamment à celles de l'oxyde de zinc (ZnO) fréquemment rencontrédans les produits de protection solaire. Le CeO2, en améliorant la protection dans le domaine des UVBet en ne présentant aucun effet antiprolifératif ou génotoxique sur une lignée cellulaire dekératinocytes humains, représente une alternative particulièrement intéressante au ZnO. / Nanomaterials represent a growing niche research in many fields. Their unusual properties provide many benefits, but also raise questions about their toxicological profile. Among their applications, nanomaterials are integrated into topical skin protectant: in the military sector, in order to reduce skin penetration of chemical warfare agents and in the cosmetics industry, especially in sunscreen products. This work focuses on the interest of pure or calcium doped cerium dioxide in these two applications. Initially, the nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave-hydrothermal method. Characterization by different methods has identified the crystalline phase of CeO2 and has showed that the nanoparticles had a size of 3 nm, which could be increased up to 95 nm depending on the heat treatment applied. Thereafter, the effectiveness of nanoparticles alone and then incorporated in a topical barrier cream over the penetration of paraoxon, organophosphorus agent was tested. An O/W emulsion, consisting of 10 % ceria, has reduced significantly the penetration of the toxic. Finally, photoprotection and safety of CeO2 were compared with sunscreens, and in particular with zinc oxide (ZnO), frequently encountered in sunscreen products. CeO2, improving protection in the UVB range and showing no antiproliferative or genotoxic effect on human keratinocyte cell line, is a particularly attractive alternative to ZnO.
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In vitro and in vivo characterisation of the OCP-related photoprotective mechanism in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 / Caractérisation in vitro et in vivo du mécanisme de photoprotection lié à l'OCP chez la cyanobactérie Synechocystis PCC6803Gwizdala, Michal 16 November 2012 (has links)
De fortes illuminations peuvent être dommageables voire même létales pour les organismes photosynthétiques. Une des stratégies utilisées pour se protéger de tels effets délétères consiste à augmenter la dissipation thermique de l’énergie absorbée en excès au niveau des antennes. Chez les cyanobactéries une protéine photo-active, l’Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP), contrôle ce processus. Une fois photo-activée l’OCP interagit avec le coeur des phycobilisomes (PBs, les antennes collectrices majoritaires chez les cyanobactéries) et déclenche le mécanisme, entrainant à la fois une baisse de l’énergie parvenant aux photosystèmes et une diminution de la fluorescence des PBs. L’énergie absorbée en excès est dissipée sous forme de chaleur. Pour que les PBs regagnent leur pleine capacité de transfert, une autre protéine nommée Fluorescence Recovery Protein (FRP) est requise. La FRP accélère la désactivation de l’OCP. Dans ce manuscrit, je vais présenter ma contribution à la compréhension du mécanisme de photo-protection lié à l’OCP.J’ai continué la caractérisation de la FRP chez Synechocystis PCC 6803, organisme modèle utilisé dans nos études. J’ai montré que la FRP de Synechocystis est plus courte que ce qui est indiqué dans Cyanobase, commençant en fait à la méthionine 26. Mes résultats ont aussi révélé que la photo-protection n’a lieu que lorsque le ratio OCP/FRP est élevé.Le plus grand aboutissement de ma thèse a été la reconstitution in vitro du mécanisme de photo-protection lié à l’OCP en utilisant de l’OCP, de la FRP et des PBs isolés. J’ai montré que la lumière est requise uniquement pour la photo-activation de l’OCP et que l’attachement de l’OCP au PB ne demande aucune illumination. Ce n’est qu’une fois photo-activée que l’OCP peut interagir avec le PB et entrainer la diminution de fluorescence (quenching). En se basant sur les résultats obtenus in vitro nous avons proposé un modèle moléculaire pour le mécanisme de photo-protection lié à l’OCP. Le système de reconstitution in vitro a été utilisé pour évaluer l’importance d’un pont salin conservé (Arg155-Glu244) entre les deux domaines de l’OCP et a révélé que celui-ci stabilise la forme inactive de l’OCP. La photo-activation entraine rupture du pont salin, l’Arg155 étant ensuite impliquée dans l’interaction entre OCP et PB. Le site d’attachement de l’OCP au coeur du PB a aussi été étudié en utilisant le système in vitro. Nos résultats ont montré que les émetteurs terminaux du PB ne sont pas requis et que le site primaire de quenching est un trimère d’allophycocyanine émettant à 660nm. Enfin nous avons étudié les propriétés des états excités du caroténoïde dans l’OCP photo-activée, montrant qu’un de ces états a un caractère de transfert de charge très prononcé et peut avoir un rôle principal dans la dissipation de l’énergie. Nos résultats suggèrent fortement que non seulement l’OCP induit dissipation de l’énergie absorbée sous forme de chaleur mais aussi que l’OCP agit directement comme dissipateur d’énergie. / Strong light can cause damage and be lethal for photosynthetic organisms. An increase of thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy at the level of photosynthetic antenna is one of the processes protecting against deleterious effects of light. In cyanobacteria, a soluble photoactive carotenoid binding protein, Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP) mediates this process. The photoactivated OCP by interacting with the core of phycobilisome (PB; the major photosynthetic antenna of cyanobacteria) triggers the photoprotective mechanism, which decreases the energy arriving at the reaction centres and PSII fluorescence. The excess energy is dissipated as harmless heat. To regain full PB capacity in low light intensities, theFluorescence Recovery Protein (FRP) is required. FRP accelerates the deactivation of OCP.In this work, I present my input in the understanding of the mechanism underlying the OCPrelated photoprotection. I further characterized the FRP of Synechocystis PCC6803, the model organism in our studies. I established that the Synechocystis FRP is shorter than what it was proposed in Cyanobase and it begins at Met26. Our results also revealed the great importance of a high OCP to FRP ratio for existence of photoprotection. The most remarkable achievement of this thesis is the in vitro reconstitution of the OCPrelated mechanism using isolated OCP, PB and FRP. I demonstrated that light is only needed for OCP photoactivation but OCP binding to PB is light independent. Only the photoactivated OCP is able to bind the PB and quench all its fluorescence. Based on our in vitro experiments we proposed a molecular model of OCP-related photoprotection. The in vitro reconstituted system was applied to examine the importance of a conserved salt bridge (Arg155-Glu244) between the two domains of OCP and showed that this salt bridge stabilises the inactive form of OCP. During photoactivation this salt bridge is broken and Arg155 is involved in the interaction between the OCP and the PB. The site of OCP binding in the core of a PB wasalso investigated with the in vitro reconstituted system. Our results demonstrated that the terminal energy emitters of the PB are not needed and that the first site of fluorescence quenching is an APC trimer emitting at 660 nm. Finally, we characterised the properties of excited states of the carotenoid in the photoactivated OCP showing that one of these states presents a very pronounced charge transfer character that likely has a principal role in energy dissipation. Our results strongly suggested that the OCP not only induces thermal energy dissipation but also acts as the energy dissipator.
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Phytochimie de lichens du genre Stereocaulon : étude particulière de S. Halei Lamb et S. montagneanum Lamb, deux lichens recoltés en IndonésieIsmed, Friardi 12 July 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Des études morphologiques, phylogénétiques et des analyses phytochimiques ont été menées sur neuf espèces de lichens fruticuleux du genre Stereocaulon à partir d'échantillons provenant de zones tropicales (Indonésie, Île de la Réunion) et de zones tempérées (France, Italie). Les divers résultats et la comparaison des observations ont permis de préciser certains éléments pour la classification et la diagnose très délicate de ces lichens et de sélectionner deux espèces pour une analyse plus approfondie de leurs métabolites secondaires. L'étude phytochimique a été conduite sur S. halei et S. montagneanum, qui ont été récolté dans l'île de Sumatra. Parmi la quinzaine de métabolites isolés, certains sont communs à ces deux espèces et correspondent à un depside abondant, l'atranorine et des dérivés mono-aromatiques associés. Des depsidones différencient les deux espèces comme l'acide lobarique et des dérivés dans S. halei, l'acide lobariolcarboxylique étant isolé pour la première fois et caractérisé sous forme de conformères. Dans S. montagneanum, ce sont l'acide stictique et des dérivés qui ont été identifiés. Ces profils métaboliques différents rejoignent les résultats de l'étude phylogénétique qui distingue respectivement S. halei et S. montagneanum dans les sous-genres Aciculisporae et Holostelidium. Malgré des activités inégales, aucun des 6 composés obtenus en quantité suffisante pour des test à visée photoprotective ne montre de résultat remarquable. Certains composés de type mycrosporine ont été caractérisés dans diverses parties du pseudopodétion et pourraient aussi présenter un intérêt pour la compréhension des répartitions métaboliques au sein des lichens tripartites.
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Caracterização clínico-histopatológica e avaliação terapêutica de fotoprotetor nas queilites actínicas / Clinical histopathological features and therapeutic evaluation of lip sunscreen on actinic cheilitisFernandes, Ligia Gonzaga 30 January 2014 (has links)
A queilite actínica (QA) é uma doença que afeta a semimucosa labial, principalmente inferior, causada pela exposição crônica à radiação solar ultravioleta (UV). É uma lesão potencialmente maligna extremamente frequente e considerada precursora da grande maioria dos cânceres de lábio, em pacientes não fumantes. A etiologia da QA permite medidas preventivas de fotoproteção solar, porém grande parte da população não as utiliza em função do desconhecimento do risco potencial e falta de informação. De outro lado se acredita que o dano causado ao lábio é irreversível e que a adoção de medidas fotoprotetoras apenas limita o dano e que quadros de displasia intensa deveriam ser tratados de forma cirúrgica radical. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do uso de fotoprotetor labial, na forma de bastão, sobre parâmetros clínicos de severidade e grau de displasia histológica por meio de acompanhamento clínico e investigações microscópicas sucessivas. Foram selecionados pacientes que procuraram a Clínica de Diagnóstico Oral da FOUSP e apresentavam sinais clínicos sugestivos de QA. Os pacientes foram orientados quanto às condições de participação no trabalho de pesquisa e assinaram termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Após a confirmação de QA, em sequência ao procedimento de biópsia e análise histopatológica, os pacientes foram efetivamente incluídos no grupo de pesquisa. O local da biópsia incisional foi escolhido a partir do exame clínico e teste do azul de toluidina. Os pacientes foram orientados quanto ao uso do fotoprotetor e de barreiras físicas, sendo acompanhados a cada três meses para reavaliação clínica e reforço das medidas de fotoproteção. Após pelo menos seis meses de uso do fotoprotetor uma nova biópsia incisional foi realizada para avaliação histopatológica do quadro. Os espécimes de biópsia dos dois momentos foram analisados inicialmente por diversos patologistas (via rotina clínica-laboratório) e posteriormente por uma única patologista, mais especializada nessa área, cega em relação aos resultados anteriores. Vinte pacientes compuseram a casuística do trabalho, 12 homens e 8 mulheres, com idade média de 63 anos. De acordo com a análise histopatológica realizada via rotina do laboratório de patologia cirúrgica, dos 20 pacientes, dez apresentaram melhora das displasias e do quadro clínico; quatro permaneceram com as mesmas displasias, porém com melhora do quadro clínico; seis apresentaram piora do quadro histológico, porém houve melhora do quadro clínico em quatro deles. A análise realizada pela única patologista produziu resultados bastante diversos, registrando piora dos graus de displasia do primeiro para o segundo momento. Concluímos que a utilização do fotoprotetor produz melhora dos sinais clínicos exibidos pelos pacientes com QA e que os parâmetros clínicos não correspondem aos sinais de displasia histopatológica. Trata-se de doença ainda pouco reconhecida e valorizada tanto pela população quanto pelos profissionais da área de saúde com responsabilidade sobre essa área anatômica e estudos adicionais são requeridos para melhor compreensão da doença, normalização dos critérios de displasia microscópica e estabelecimento de características preditivas em relação à evolução carcinomatosa da doença. / Actinic cheilitis (AC) is an injury that mainly affects the lower lip vermilion, and it is caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet light. It is a very frequent potentially malignant disorder and it is considered the precursor of most lip cancers, in non-smoker patients. The AC etiology provides preventive measures of sun light protection, but most people do not use it because are unaware of the potential risks and lacking knowledge. On the other hand it is believed that the damaged caused to the lip is irreversible and the introduction of photoprotective measures just contain the damage and cases of severe dysplasia should be treated with radical surgery. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of sunscreen lip balm in stick form, under clinical parameters of severity and degree of histological dysplasia by clinical follow-up and sequential microscopic researches. Patients selected were those who sought Clínica de Diagnóstico Oral in FOUSP and presented suggested signs of AC were selected. They were informed about the research terms of participation as well as signed a free and informed consent term. After confirm the diagnosis of AC with biopsy procedure and histopathological analysis, patients were included in the research group. The incisional biopsy site was selected by clinical exam and toluidine blue test. Patients were instructed about the use of sunscreen lip balm and physical protection, all of them had follow up appointments every three months to clinical evaluation and reinforcement of the use the use of lip sunscreen. After at least six months of lip sunscreen use, a new incisional biopsy was performed for histopathological evaluation. The biopsy specimens of the two procedures were initially analyzed by several pathologists (via laboratory routine) and later by a single blinded pathologist, more specialized in this field. Twenty patients were included in the sample of the study, 12 men and 8 women with a mean age of 63 years. According to histopathological analysis by laboratory routine, ten out of the twenty patients showed improvement in dysplasia and clinical signs; four remained with the same dysplasias, but with improvement of clinical signs; six had worsening results in histopathological analysis, however four of them presented improvement of clinical signs. The analysis conducted by the single pathologist produced very different results, registering worsening degrees of dysplasia from the first to the second procedure. In conclusion the use of sunscreen lip balm produces improvement of clinical signs on the patients with AC as well as the clinical parameters do not match with the signs of histopathological dysplasia. It is a poorly recognized and undervalued disease by both population and healthy professionals with responsibility for this anatomic area. Additional studies are required for better understanding of the disease, standardization of the criteria of microscopic dysplasia and establishment of predictive features to the progression of carcinoma.
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