The object of the work are phraseological units with somatic components «head» and «heart». Phraseological units of each group are analyzed by a semantic and structural perspective. An etymologic explanation is introduced and then phraseological units are illustrated within a Russian context. The foundations of the Russian and Czech languages are deduced by exploration of the differences and similarities of the phraselogical units.

This thesis is concerned with phraseology and its intertwining with didactics of foreign languages. The practical part consists of the analysis of a contemporary situation in didactics of foreign languages, particularly the utilization of idioms. Further, the frequency of using proverbs and other set phrases in modern textbooks for teaching foreign languages (namely German and Russian) is analysed. The aim of this thesis is to suggest an effective way of including and handling idioms in modern education. KEYWORDS: phraseology, phrase, foreign language teaching, proverbs

The paper is titled: Phraseology updates in the contemporary Czech language The aim of this paper is to collect and describe phraseological updates. The collection of materials (resources) took place from January 2013 to June 2015. Updates were sought out from various sources - the media, books, the theater, the internet and landline calls. With the help of professional literature we first limited the theoretical framework of the issue and based on these theoretical attainments we classified the material according to the sources and types of resources from which it originated. In the summary of updates we can see for every idiom update its original version, its type of update, its specific description and its source with a comment specifying its occurrence etc. With the performed analysis we determined that the most common kinds of updates are contamination and lexical updates.

and key words The final thesis discuss idiomatic expressions, which includes words related to animal kingdom. An essential point of the whole thesis was creation of a list of all relevant Danish idioms. There was found their Danish definitions as well and subsequently also their Czech equivalent words. Equivalent degree was found by all words. The thesis is divided into theoretical part and practical part. The first one describes idiomacity and phraseology as a whole and compares Danish and Czech works on this topic. Other subjects, which is needed in the practical part, is discussed. Deep analysis of the list of the idioms is the content of the practical part of the thesis. Main topics is perception of animals in Czech and Danish, degree of their mutual equivalency and some other specific subjects related to animal idioms. Key words: animal kingdom, Czech, Danish, equivalency, etymology, phraseology

Ao analisar o material hoje disponível sobre os advérbios em inglês e em português observa-se, em especial naqueles baseados em corpus e aqui referimo-nos mais especificamente às gramáticas , que o estudo dessa classe gramatical vem ganhando espaço. Além de abordar questões morfológicas, sintáticas, pragmáticas, semânticas e em alguns casos discursivas, essas obras de referência têm procurado conscientizar o consulente sobre a imprecisão dessa classe gramatical, chamando a atenção para seu uso em contexto. Mesmo com esses avanços significativos, no entanto, observa-se que não há dados sobre o uso dos advérbios, mais especificamente aqueles terminados em ly e mente, em linguagens especializadas, principalmente no que tange o levantamento de padrões linguísticos que venham a caracterizar essas áreas e tenham, em sua composição, esse grupo de advérbios. Partindo de dois corpora de estudo, um composto de receitas culinárias em inglês e em português e outro de instrumentos contratuais no mesmo par de línguas, levantamos os cinco advérbios terminados em ly e mente mais chave em cada tipologia e língua e extraímos os padrões linguísticos em que ocorriam. Considerando a extração e análise dos dados coletados, pudemos comprovar a nossa tese de que esse grupo de advérbios apresenta características próprias e fraseologias típicas da área em que se inserem, ajustando-se a cada contexto de uso. Inclusive, tal fato é evidenciado quando analisamos immediately, advérbio com alto índice de chavicidade e comum às receitas culinárias e contratos em inglês, e imediatamente e juntamente nessas tipologias em português. Descrevemos também todo o processo para o levantamento de formas equivalentes de algumas fraseologias na direção inglês-português, com o objetivo de enfatizar a necessidade de incluir os resultados obtidos em diferentes obras de referência, especialmente em gramáticas e dicionários especializados, o que contribuiria de modo significativo para o trabalho do produtor de textos, principalmente o tradutor. / When analyzing the material available nowadays about adverbs in English and in Portuguese we observe, especially in those that are corpus-based more specifically grammar books , that the study of this grammatical class has gained ground. Besides covering topics such as morphology, syntax, pragmatics, semantics and sometimes discourse, these reference books have tried to make the reader aware of the lack of precision when referring to this grammatical class, emphasizing its use in context. However, despite these significant advances we observe that adverbs, especially those ending in ly in English and mente in Portuguese, are not mentioned as far as specialized languages are concerned, especially when referring to linguistic patterns that may characterize their use in specific areas, in both languages. Based on two study corpora, one with recipes (Culinary) in English and in Portuguese and the other with agreements (Contract Law) in these two languages, we extracted the five adverbs (ending in ly and mente) with the highest keyness index in each text typology and language, also identifying the linguistic patterns in which they occurred. Considering the extraction and analysis of the collected data, we could confirm our thesis that these adverbs have their own characteristics and specific phraseologies in the area in which they occur, adjusting to each context of use. This was also observed when we analyzed immediately, an adverb with a high keyness index that was common to both areas of study, i.e., culinary recipes and agreements in English, and imediatamente and juntamente in the same text typologies in Portuguese. We have also described the whole process to extract the equivalent forms of some phraseologies in the English-Portuguese direction, with the objective of emphasizing the need to include the results obtained so far in different reference books, especially grammar books and specialized dictionaries which would contribute significantly to the job of the text producer, mainly the translator.

The theoretical part of this diploma thesis shows the content of phraseology and the meaning of the word idiom. It widely defines the word phraseology and idiom from the point of view of books and authors specialized on phraseology. This work deals with the constituents of phraseology and gives illustrative examples. It outlines other theoretical opinions connected to the Czech phraseology, needed for the researching part. Next part describes the basis of folk art, folklore and its constituents that make our mother-toque richer and we can find them as a part of the education at secondary schools. This work will also describe the way phraseology is taught in language books and methods used in these books. In the researching part it shows different methods of work with phrasemes and offers couple of lesson plans. The aim is to bring some new materials and worksheets working with phrasemes usable in lessons.

This master thesis deals with "somatisms" (i.e. names of human body parts) in language. It uses the example of two distant and unrelated languages - Czech and Turkish - to explore conceptualization of human body and its parts in phraseology, and possible differences that may occur across languages and cultures. This thesis consists of two key parts: a quantitative comparison and a qualitative comparison. In the first part, the frequency of individual somatisms and respective words is measured and compared in phraseology of both languages. The second part is a qualitative analysis of head - the most frequent somatism in both Czech and Turkish. The analysis and comparison are based on the perspective of cognitive linguistics, more specifically on the approach called "linguistic picture of the world" and related "profile theory".

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES / Bibliography: leaves 488-496. / by Timothy Angus Stowell. / Ph.D.

and key words The aim of this final thesis is to compare the Czech and Swedish idiomatic expressions, which include words related to the human body. Using the list of idiomatic expressions generated from the available phraseological dictionaries and other literature and subsequently tracing Czech equivalents, it is mainly focused on the degree of equivalence of somatic idioms in these two languages. The theoretical part is devoted to phraseology as a linguistic discipline, differences in the conception and definition of the idiom in Czech and Swedish and it also defines the types of equivalence used in the practical part. The practical part is in addition to the above mentioned equivalence focused on the frequency of use of the individual parts of a human body contained in the collected sample of idioms, their classification and equivalence. It also deals with several groups of idioms and demonstrates the differences in their perceptions. Marginally it devotes to the etymology of some selected terms. Key words: Czech, Swedish, human body, phraseology, idiom, equivalence, etymology

O som no cinema gera expectativas, guia o espectador através das imagens e molda a recepção das cenas (BORDWELL; THOMPSON, 2008). Para que o espectador surdo ou ensurdecido tenha acesso a esse input ao assistir a uma produção audiovisual, a legenda para surdos e ensurdecidos (LSE) traduz os efeitos sonoros dos filmes (ARAÚJO, 2004). Em busca de um modelo de LSE que supra as necessidades do público alvo, foi realizada uma pesquisa com 34 surdos brasileiros (ARAÚJO; NASCIMENTO, 2011; ARAÚJO ET AL, 2013). Os resultados sugeriram que as traduções existentes analisadas de efeitos sonoros confundiam o espectador ou não acrescentavam informações relevantes. Levando em consideração a importância do som no cinema, realizou-se uma pesquisa para observar como essas traduções ocorriam em três filmes brasileiros comercializados em DVD (NASCIMENTO, 2013). Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos efeitos sonoros encontrados nos filmes da pesquisa foram legendados sem uma preocupação aparente de ligar o som à sua significação na trama. Assim, com o propósito de auxiliar os legendistas nessas traduções, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal convencionar legendas para efeitos sonoros, além de estabelecer algumas diretrizes para a tarefa de traduzir sons em palavras. Acredita-se, ainda, que o processo de padronização das legendas também tornaria mais acessível as legendas em língua portuguesa para o público-alvo, pois unidades convencionadas são lidas de forma mais rápida (WOOD, 2015). Para isso, foi coletado um corpus comparável que foi analisado com o auxílio do software WordSmith Tools. Para facilitar as análises com o software, as legendas dos filmes foram etiquetadas a partir de categorias de proveniência do som. Para os ruídos, apresentamse as seguintes etiquetas: sons produzidos pelo homem, sons produzidos por objeto, sons produzidos por animais, sons produzidos pela natureza, sons ficcionais e silêncio. Para as músicas, as etiquetas são: música de fosso e música de tela. Essas etiquetas foram utilizadas como nódulos de busca e possibilitaram encontrar relevantes dados numéricos, tais como as categorias mais frequentemente legendadas no corpus: sons produzidos pelo homem e música de fosso. Portanto, esses são os sons cujas traduções foram convencionadas nessa pesquisa. / The sound in the cinema creates expectations, guides the spectator through images, and shapes the reception of scenes (BORDWELL; THOMPSON, 2008). So that deaf and hard of hearing public may have access to this input when watching an audiovisual production, the subtitle for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) translates the movies sound effects (ARAÚJO, 2004). In search for a SDH model that meets the spectators needs, a research has been conducted with 34 Brazilians deaf subjects (ARAÚJO; NASCIMENTO, 2011; ARAÚJO ET AL, 2013). The results suggested that the existent sound effects translations would mislead the spectator or would not contribute with relevant information. Taking into account the importance of the sound in the cinema, another research has been conduct in order to analyze how translations of sound effect were made in three commercialized DVDs in Brazil (NASCIMENTO, 2013). The results showed that most sound effects in the films were translated without connecting them to their meanings within the movie plot. Thus, in order to help translators with these translations, this researchs main objective is to conventionalize sound effects subtitles and stablish some guidelines to the sound into words task. Furthermore, it is believed that conventionalizing subtitles could render them more accessible as conventionalized units are read faster than non-conventionalized (WOOD, 2015). Therefore, a comparable corpus was collected and analyzed by means of WordSmith Tools software. In order to render the analysis simpler, the corpus was tagged following categories defined by the sound provenience. The following tags were applied to noise: sound produced by men, sound produced by objects, sound produced by nature, sound produced by animals, fictional sounds and silence. To music, the tags were background music and screen music. These tags were used as search words and rendered possible find relevant data, such as the most frequently translated categories within the corpus, which are: sounds produced by men and background music. Therefore, these are the sound categories whose translations were conventionalized in this research.