(in English): The theme of this thesis project is the "Functioning of proper names in phraseological units". In the study researched phraseological units with proper names (anthroponymes) which are taken from the phraseological dictionary "Russian phraseology: historical and etymological dictionary", ed. V.M Mokienko. The subject of our study is to determine the characteristics of the functioning of proper names in phraseological units, in order to explain and show the translation of the function of proper names, to identify the role of proper names. In the thesis project were performed the following tasks: 1) identify and classify phraseological units with anthroponymes for reasons of their occurrence, and 3) explain by psycholinguistic experiment how the proper name loses its primary function - nominative, getting an evaluation function, and 4) check an acquisition of estimator function by anthroponymes on materials Russian National Corpus. In the study were analyzed 80 phraseological units with anthroponimes, revealed changes in the scope and content of the concept of a proper name in the phraseological unit. Finally, conclusions are made about acquisition the proper name in the frezeologicheskoy unit properties that can be applied to unlimited number of denotations.

Ce travail s’est donné pour objectif d’étudier les unités polylexématiques (mots complexes, groupes ou énoncés) idiomatiques telles qu’elles sont employées dans l’interaction orale. L’étude s’inscrit dans la perspective de l’analyse conversationnelle, d’une part, reposant sur un corpus (allemand et français) de radio libre antenne comprenant douze heures d’enregistrement, et dans la perspective de l’analyse du discours, d’autre part, puisqu’une large place est accordée au type de discours à l’œuvre, marqué par les récits d’émotions et d’expérience. Quelles spécificités caractérisent les unités polylexématiques idiomatiques dans leur emploi ? Quelles particularités, sur le plan cognitif notamment, se font jour ? Quelle est leur ampleur réelle dans l’interaction orale ? Entravent-elles ou facilitent-elles l’intercompréhension ? Tels sont les questionnements au cœur de ce travail. L’environnement discursif des unités étudiées révèle, à l’échelle nanostructurelle, des caractéristiques telles que leur polyfonctionnalité communicative et leur nodalité dans le discours. À une échelle microstructurelle, l’analyse des échanges met au jour des fonctions (d’illustration, de dissimulation, et de représentation) et une disposition à la persistance cognitive de ces unités. Dans ces observations transparaissent les propriétés fondamentales des unités au cœur de ce travail : la stabilité et l’idiomaticité. Elles prennent cependant une tout autre dimension, et revêtent d’autres formes d’apparition, dans la confrontation à un corpus d’interaction orale. / This work set out to study polylexematic units (complex words, phrases or utterances) in their use in oral interaction. The research is grounded in the framework of conversation analysis on the one hand, with the data coming from a German and French corpus comprised of twelve hours worth’ of phone-in radio. It also relies on discourse analysis insofar as particular attention is paid to the type of discourse under scrutiny, marked by emotionally and experientially charged stories. What specific features characterize idiomatic polylexematic units in use? What specificities are brought to light, especially at the cognitive level? What is their actual extent in oral interaction? Do they hinder or facilitate mutual understanding? Those are the issues at stake in this work. At the nanostructural level, the discursive environment of the units under scrutiny reveals features such as their communicative polyfunctionality or their nodality in speech. At the microstructural level, the analysis of the exchanges brings to light functions of illustration, dissimulation and representation as well as these units’ disposition for cognitive persistence. These observations make apparent the fundamental properties of the units at stake in this work: stability and idiomaticity. They nevertheless take on a whole new dimension and appear in different forms when confronted to a corpus of oral interaction.

D’un point de vue phraséologique, les couleurs constituent un des domaines source les plus enclins à l’exercice réinterprétatif. Les chromatismes qui en résultent sont chargés d’une grande force évocatrice, car, outre leur éventuelle motivation chromatique, ils véhiculent, à des degrés différents, les conventions culturelles et idiosyncrasiques de la communauté langagière qui les a créés. En effet, les chromatismes sont à la fois le reflet d’une perception ontologique universelle et le résultat d’une conventionnalisation ethnolinguistique propre à chaque langue. À travers de cette étude contrastive entre le français et l’espagnol des unités phraséologiques, lato sensu, contenant une lexie chromatique, nous mettons en relief les convergences et divergences entre les chromatismes créés par deux communautés langagières très proches. / From a phraseological perspective, colours are one of the most source fields most likely to be reinterpreted. The chromatic phraseological units obtained from this process contain an important evocative force. Besides their potential chromatic motivation, they convey, to different degrees, the cultural and idiosyncratic conventions established by the speech community that created them. In fact, chromatisms are at the same time the reflection of a universal ontological perception and the result of an ethnolinguistic conventionalisation inherent to each language. Through this contrastive study between French and Spanish phraseological units, which contain a chromatic word, we highlight the convergences and divergences between the chromatisms created by those close speech communities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CD 1 - LPO - Margareth V F Gonzales.pdf: 401896 bytes, checksum: 73d2e6e0c4410be127de91a20ddeecb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-01 / This work has as its main subject the idiomatic expressions. On the evidence of the low number of Brazilian works and researches found in the matter of Phraseology, the restriction of knowledge to academics means, the fact that this phraseological groups don t appear in dictionaries nor in didactic manuals, being relegated to an inferior level in the extent of linguistic studies, we try to verify in this text, that idiomatic expressions are recreated in every new communicative situation, fulfilling the needs of the speaker. Emphasizing the creativity and vitality attributed to this sort of expression. Furthermore, we signalize that these idiotism hold in its within cultural hidden characteristics that connect themselves to its society and its spoken language. Grounding the work in previous works of Lakoff & Johnson (2002) for the metaphorical thought, of Biderman (2001) for the Lexicology, and in the Social Representations theory of Minayo (1995), we have developed a research confirming that cognitive operations are responsible for the appearance of idiomatic expressions in a language, as for its recreation. At the stage of analyzing the corpus, we have elected the book Grande Sertão:Veredas, by Guimarães Rosa, since the author uses this type of expression in a very sui generis way. By the means of comparative analysis, we have verified that the appearance process consists in total or partial substitution of terms, in the addition of suffixes and in grammatical classes changes for the consolidated expression terms. Throughout this analysis, we have ascertained that a recreated expression brings an original meaning, intense and amplified, delegating to Rosa s diction a unique freshness and flushness, that perpetuates it. Hence, we have proposed ourselves to expose that the non-(re)cognizing of idiomatic expressions in linguistic studies applies in not knowing other mental cognitive processes, essential for the understanding of the origin of the language, its functioning and its lexical uses. / Este trabalho tem como tema as expressões idiomáticas. Em razão do baixo número de trabalhos e pesquisas produzidos na área da Fraseologia, no Brasil, conhecimento restrito aos meios acadêmicos, o fato desses grupos fraseológicos não figurarem em dicionários, manuais didáticos e serem relegados a um plano inferior no âmbito dos estudos lingüísticos, procuramos comprovar, neste trabalho, que as expressões idiomáticas são recriadas a cada situação comunicativa, suprindo as necessidades do locutor. Salientamos a criatividade e vigor característicos desse modo de expressão. Apontamos, ainda, que esses idiotismos carregam em seu cerne implícitos culturais que as identificam com seu povo e sua língua. Com base nos trabalhos de Lakoff & Johnson (2002), para pensar metafórico, de Biderman (2001) para a Lexicologia e a teoria das Representações Sociais de Minayo (1995) desenvolvemos a nossa pesquisa que mostra serem as operações cognitivas mentais responsáveis pelo surgimento das expressões idiomáticas na língua e também para a sua recriação. Para análise do corpus, elegemos a obra Grande Sertão:Veredas, de Guimarães Rosa, visto que esse autor faz uso das expressões de um modo sui generis: ele as recria. Por meio de análise comparativa, verificamos que o processo consiste em substituição total ou parcial de termos, acréscimo de sufixos, mudança de classe gramatical dos termos da expressão sedimentada. Com essa análise, verificamos que expressão recriada apresenta um sentido original, intenso e ampliado, conferindo à linguagem de Rosa um frescor e um viço que a perpetua. Desse modo, nos propusemos a apresentar que o não-(re)conhecimento das expressões idiomáticas nos estudos lingüísticos implica desconhecer outros processos cognitivos mentais essenciais ao entendimento da origem da linguagem, seu funcionamento e suas manifestações no léxico.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 colombo_mr_me_sjrp.pdf: 410831 bytes, checksum: c1c58369a9b3b63b26d50c1d3054b099 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente dissertação resulta do desenvolvimento de um projeto sobre o léxico, mais especificamente sobre a terminologia e a fraseologia especializada predominantes em contratos sociais submetidos à tradução juramentada (TJ). A língua de partida é a inglesa, em sua variante nacional dos Estados Unidos da América, e a de chegada, a portuguesa do Brasil. Procedemos a investigações científicas no campo da Terminologia, utilizando também o arcabouço teórico e metodológico da Lingüística de Corpus e dos Estudos da Tradução Baseada em Corpus. Os termos foram identificados e contrastados aos corpora comparáveis em busca das aproximações e distanciamentos dessas terminologias e os fraseologismos foram analisados com base no modelo de Bevilacqua (2004). As análises foram feitas visando observar o quanto as diferentes realidades dos sistemas organizacionais do país de origem dos textos traduzidos e do país a que ele se destina são cruciais para a compreensão e tradução de termos e fraseologismos. As diferenças encontradas não se situam apenas entre as duas línguas em questão (o português e o inglês), mas também entre o inglês norte-americano e o inglês britânico. Como é exigida do tradutor juramentado uma “fidelidade” ímpar ao texto original, nosso trabalho chama atenção para a necessidade de o tradutor juramentado conhecer a proveniência do texto que deve ser traduzido, as realidades dos países envolvidos no processo de tradução e, fundamentalmente, o léxico especializado da área em que se está traduzindo. / The present work results from the development of a project about the lexicon, more specifically about the terminology and specialized phraseology that can be found in Articles of Incorporation submitted to sworn translation. The source language is English, from the United States of America, and the target language is Portuguese, from Brazil. Scientific investigations were performed based on Terminology making use of some theoretical and methodological principles of Corpus Linguistics and of Corpus-Based Translation Studies. The terms were identified and contrasted with the comparable corpora to find distances and approximations from these terminologies, and the phraseologies were analyzed based on Bevilacqua’s model (2004). The analysis were performed in order to show how the different realities of the organizational systems of the countries in which the texts are produced, and the country to which the texts are destined, are crucial to understand and translate terms and phraseologies. The differences found were not only between English and Portuguese, but also between the North-American and British English. Since the sworn translator needs to be extremely “faithful” to the original text, this study calls the attention to the necessity of the sworn translator to know: the provenience of the material that is being translated, the realities of the countries involved in this process and, above all, the specialized lexicon of the area that the translation deals with.

Darbo objektas yra lietuvių kalbos samplaikos, apibrėžiamos kaip dvižodžiai ar ilgesni iš kaitomų ir nekaitomų žodžių sudaryti stabilieji junginiai, sudarantys vientisos reikšmės leksinį vienetą, kuris dažniausiai vartojamas nesavarankiškos (tarnybinės) kalbos dalies funkcija. Disertacijos tyrimo tikslas – ištirti lietuvių kalbos samplaikų, kaip leksinio vieneto, pasižyminčio formos ir turinio stabilumu, autonomiškumą. Darbo šaltiniai: neanotuotas Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstynas, morfologiškai anotuotas lietuvių kalbos tekstynas ir lygiagretusis vokiečių–lietuvių kalbų tekstynas. Darbo metodai: aprašomasis metodas, tekstynų lingvistikos metodas, statistiniai metodai, gretinamasis metodas. Ginamieji teiginiai: 1. Remiantis išplėstąja frazeologijos samprata, samplaikos yra sustabarėjusių kalbos vienetų tipas, laikomas frazeologijos objektu nuo tada, kai tekstynų analize įrodytas šių junginių dažnumas ir vartojimo pastovumas. 2. Samplaikų stabilumas yra nevienodas. Samplaikų dėmenų traukos įverčio ir morfologinės paradigmos nuokrypio tyrimas rodo, kad samplaikų stabilumo laipsnį lemia samplaikų sandara. 3. Samplaikų kontekstui būdingas stabilumas arba kintamumas. Stabilesnių samplaikų kontekstas kintamas, todėl jos yra autonomiškesnės. Mažesniu stabilumu pasižyminčios samplaikos, kurių kontekstas labiau apibrėžtas, yra ne tokios autonomiškos. 4. Autonomiškesnės samplaikos labiau linkusios būti vertimo vienetais nei mažiau autonomiškos. Kuo samplaika autonomiškesnė, tuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the study is multi-word lexemes (samplaikos in Lithuanian), defined as combinations composed of two or more inflective or non-inflective parts of speech, grammatically and semantically perceived as one unit. The goal of the dissertation is to investigate the autonomy of multi-word lexemes in the Lithuanian language. Two monolingual corpora (the non-annotated Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language and the morphologically annotated Lithuanian language corpus) and the parallel German-Lithuanian corpus have been used for the extraction and the analysis of data. Several research methods have been applied: descriptive, corpus-based, statistical, and contrastive. The statements to be defended are as follows: 1. According to the broad conception of phraseology, multi-word lexemes are a subtype of multi-word units. They are considered to be an object of phraseology, since their frequency and fixedness have been confirmed by corpus analysis. 2. There are variations in the degree of fixedness of multi-word lexemes. The analysis of collocation strength between the elements of multi-word lexemes and of deviations in morphological paradigm indicates that the degree of fixedness of multi-word lexemes is largely determined by their composition. 3. The context of multi-word lexemes is characterized by stability or variability. The context of more stable multi-word lexemes is variable, which determines their greater autonomy. Less stable multi-word lexemes that occur in... [to full text]

The object of the study is multi-word lexemes (samplaikos in Lithuanian), defined as combinations composed of two or more inflective or non-inflective parts of speech, grammatically and semantically perceived as one unit. The goal of the dissertation is to investigate the autonomy of multi-word lexemes in the Lithuanian language. Two monolingual corpora (the non-annotated Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language and the morphologically annotated Lithuanian language corpus) and the parallel German-Lithuanian corpus have been used for the extraction and the analysis of data. Several research methods have been applied: descriptive, corpus-based, statistical, and contrastive. The statements to be defended are as follows: 1. According to the broad conception of phraseology, multi-word lexemes are a subtype of multi-word units. They are considered to be an object of phraseology, since their frequency and fixedness have been confirmed by corpus analysis. 2. There are variations in the degree of fixedness of multi-word lexemes. The analysis of collocation strength between the elements of multi-word lexemes and of deviations in morphological paradigm indicates that the degree of fixedness of multi-word lexemes is largely determined by their composition. 3. The context of multi-word lexemes is characterized by stability or variability. The context of more stable multi-word lexemes is variable, which determines their greater autonomy. Less stable multi-word lexemes that occur in... [to full text] / Darbo objektas yra lietuvių kalbos samplaikos, apibrėžiamos kaip dvižodžiai ar ilgesni iš kaitomų ir nekaitomų žodžių sudaryti stabilieji junginiai, sudarantys vientisos reikšmės leksinį vienetą, kuris dažniausiai vartojamas nesavarankiškos (tarnybinės) kalbos dalies funkcija. Disertacijos tyrimo tikslas – ištirti lietuvių kalbos samplaikų, kaip leksinio vieneto, pasižyminčio formos ir turinio stabilumu, autonomiškumą. Darbo šaltiniai: neanotuotas Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstynas, morfologiškai anotuotas lietuvių kalbos tekstynas ir lygiagretusis vokiečių–lietuvių kalbų tekstynas. Darbo metodai: aprašomasis metodas, tekstynų lingvistikos metodas, statistiniai metodai, gretinamasis metodas. Ginamieji teiginiai: 1. Remiantis išplėstąja frazeologijos samprata, samplaikos yra sustabarėjusių kalbos vienetų tipas, laikomas frazeologijos objektu nuo tada, kai tekstynų analize įrodytas šių junginių dažnumas ir vartojimo pastovumas. 2. Samplaikų stabilumas yra nevienodas. Samplaikų dėmenų traukos įverčio ir morfologinės paradigmos nuokrypio tyrimas rodo, kad samplaikų stabilumo laipsnį lemia samplaikų sandara. 3. Samplaikų kontekstui būdingas stabilumas arba kintamumas. Stabilesnių samplaikų kontekstas kintamas, todėl jos yra autonomiškesnės. Mažesniu stabilumu pasižyminčios samplaikos, kurių kontekstas labiau apibrėžtas, yra ne tokios autonomiškos. 4. Autonomiškesnės samplaikos labiau linkusios būti vertimo vienetais nei mažiau autonomiškos. Kuo samplaika autonomiškesnė, tuo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

En este estudio, mostraremos principalmente la importancia que las imágenes formadas por los componentes fraseológicos pueden adquirir desde un punto de vista no sólo puramente lingüístico, sino también psicolingüístico si se contempla el posible carácter analizable y transparente de muchas EI. Explicaremos cómo se puede utilizar esta iconicidad para fomentar el desarrollo de estrategias de aprendizaje (especialmente vinculadas a la descodificación metafórica o a la asociación icónica con expresiones de la LM) que suponen para el alumno un alto grado de implicación cognitiva. Teniendo en cuenta dos factores importantes para la memorización de nuevas EI -su grado de transparencia semántica y su grado de conexión icónica con la LM-, propondremos en un apartado experimental investigar acerca del impacto memorístico e interlingüístico que se puede atribuir al trabajo de enfoque icónico y verificar la influencia que la combinación de los dos factores citados puede ejercer en este ámbito. / This study will mainly show how important the images formed by the phraseological components could be from not only a merely linguistic point of view but also from a psycholinguistic one, if we consider the possible analyzable and transparent nature of most idioms. We will explain how to use this iconic aspect of idioms in order to encourage the development of learning strategies (especially related to the metaphorical decodification or to the iconic association with L1 idioms) that involve a high degree of cognitive implication for the L2 learner. Considering two important factors for the memorization of L2 idioms - its degree of semantic transparency and its degree of iconic connection with the L1 -, we propose, in an experimental part, to investigate the memory and interlinguistic effects of an image-oriented work and to verify the influence that the combination of the two factors mentioned before could have in this field.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 riva_hc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 3489006 bytes, checksum: 128b9da7315540e9470166cd3cb7457c (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Dans cette recherche, essentiellement lexicographique, nous privilegions le langage cotidien pour proposer un modèle de dictionnaire d’expressions idiomatiques de la langue portugaise du Brésil, sous une perspective onomasiologique. Il est très important d’indiquer les relations analogiques ou synonymiques existantes entre de différentes expressions idiomatiques qui concernent un seul concept. Nous remarquons que malgré la similarité conceptuelle entre plusieurs expressions, celles-ci ont des nuances différenciatrices régies par l’usage. / Neste trabalho, de cunho essencialmente lexicográfico, privilegia-se a linguagem do dia-a-dia para propor um modelo de dicionário de expressões idiomáticas do português do Brasil, sob uma perspectiva onomasiológica. É extremamente importante indicar as relações analógicas ou sinonímicas existentes entre os diferentes idiomatismos que se referem a um mesmo conceito. Observa-se que, embora muitas expressões relacionadas a um mesmo conceito sejam basicamente sinônimas, os idiomatismos possuem nuanças diferenciadoras que regem seu uso. / In this work, with an essentially lexicographic feature, focused on the current language in order to present a model for a Brazilian Portuguese idiom dictionary from an onomasiologic view. It is extremely important to display the analogous or synonymy relations between the idioms which belong to the same fields. We were able to verify that, although many idioms subsumed under the same concept are basically synonyms, their use is governed by the nuances that distinguish them.

According to the standard definition phraseology deals with multi-word lexical units, i.e. word combinations. Voices claiming that even complex words composed of two or more meaningful units may qualify for the status of (lexical) phrasemes/idioms, especially when their meaning is non- compositional, are still very isolated, in spite of the fact that linguistic literature is teeming with references to idiomatic compounds and derivatives (Chap. 3). In fact, the only systematic treatment of lexical idioms seems to be that offered by Čermák (2007), who focuses primarily on lexical idioms in Czech. The aim of the thesis is therefore to explore the situation in English and attempt to develop a useful definition of, and especially criteria for, distinguishing lexical idioms from other complex lexemes and provide an outline of the main types of lexical idioms obtaining in English. After an introduction (Chap. 1) and the presentation of state-of-the-art approaches to phraseology and the relevant information about phraseological units and their features (Chap. 2), the thesis reviews Čermák's theory of lexical idioms which inspired their quantitative study in Czech (Chap. 4). The core part is the analysis of two samples. The first one, gathered from the BNC, includes a random selection of 1000 single-word...