University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

CAPES / Este trabalho relata um estudo que investigou o papel e a importância da Física nos Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia, tendo como base o Câmpus Curitiba da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), instituição considerada referência em educação técnica e tecnológica no Brasil. Partindo da premissa de que a Física tem grande importância para, ao menos, proporcionar bases técnicas e científicas aos estudantes, mas que ela pode, além disso, ter papel fundamental na formação geral, esta pesquisa procurou mostrar as relações entre a Física e a formação de tecnólogos nos cursos investigados. Fundamentando-se nos trabalhos de Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Luiz Antônio Cunha e Nilson Marcos Dias Garcia, buscou-se, através de pesquisa documental, evidenciar a presença de conceitos de Física nas propostas de ensino das escolas de formação profissional, desde as Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices, até o surgimento da educação tecnológica de nível superior. Tomando como fontes documentos oficiais da UTFPR e relatos concedidos em entrevistas pelos(as) seus(suas) coordenadores(as) e professores(as), foi possível mostrar e analisar, no momento atual, a presença da Física nos cursos investigados, assim como analisar o contexto em que ela se insere, sua importância e seus papéis em cada um deles. Os resultados apontaram que os conceitos de Física se fazem bem mais presentes do que os documentos mostram, e têm participação em diversos níveis, desde ser considerada uma simples ferramenta ou mesmo um conhecimento geral, até fazer parte da estrutura do curso, representando forte base sobre a qual ele pode ser organizado, contribuindo, assim, de forma diversa, em carga horária e conteúdo. Mesmo em cursos em que ela se faz pouco presente, desempenha um papel de relevante importância, dando condições de compreensão científica, técnica e tecnológica aos estudantes, e proporcionando o estabelecimento de raciocínios fundamentais para compreensões tanto acadêmicas quanto profissionais, ou ainda pessoais e sociais. / This work reports a study which investigated the role and importance of Physics in Technology Undergraduate Programs, being based on the Curitiba Campus of the Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), an institution considered a point of reference in technical and technological education in Brazil. Starting from the premise that Physics has a large importance in, at least, providing technical and scientific basis for the students, but also that it can have a fundamental role in general formation, this research intended to show the relations between Physics and the formation of technical personnel in the investigated programs. Underlain by the works of Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Luiz Antônio Cunha e Nilson Marcos Dias Garcia, this research sought to evidence, through a documental investigation, the presence of Physics concepts in teaching proposals of professional formation schools, from the Schools of Artifice Apprentices up to the emerging of technological teaching in undergraduate programs. Taking as sources the official documents of UTFPR and testimonies conceded in interviews with coordinators and professors of this institution, it was possible to show and analyze, at the current moment, the presence of Physics in the investigated programs, as well as to analyze the context in which it is inserted, its importance and its roles in each one of them. The results showed that Physics concepts are a lot more present than what was shown by the documents and participate at several levels, from being considered a simple tool or general knowledge, to being part of the program structure, representing a strong basis on which it can be organized, thus contributing in diverse manners to credit load and content. Even in programs in which Physics is not too present, it performs a role of great importance, offering conditions for scientific, technical and technological comprehension to the students, enabling the establishment of fundamental thoughts for both academic and professional comprehensions, as well as private and social.

Abstract: Transformation at a historically disadvantaged technikon in South Africa : a research project: South Africa is in the seventh year of democracy. During the first term of office, the ANC government proposed radical shift from the system(s) of education that was/were in existence in this country. A change in the education system in South Africa was inevitable. The ANC government have realised the need and proposed plans for a change in the education system in this country. We might be able to overcome the inequalities of the past and have an education system relevant for all South Africans that promote an equal opportunity for success as envisaged by Outcomes Based Education (OBE). This research project, using a qualitative case study methodology, reports on the readiness of Border Technikon in implementing Outcomes Based Education (OBE) as a teaching/lecturing strategy. Since 1998 Border Technikon organised a series of staff training workshops to empower the academic staff in Outcomes Based Education. A preliminary study on the topic was conducted during 1999, in which questionnaires (to 16 academic staff) and semi-structured interviews (with three academic staff) were used to collect data. During 2000, when the second and final round of this study was conducted semistructured interviews were employed with 4 staff members to gather data. Literature review and document analysis was also part of the research. The analysis of data indicated that the very nature of most of the Technikon Programmes demands an OBE approach in teaching/lecturing and hence OBE based teaching/lecturing is largely practised at Border Technikon. However a few areas of concerns were identified. Some of these concerns were: (i) Technikon employed academic staff (from industry, etc...) with no professional qualification in teaching and it was difficult to provide OBE training to such people and (ii) lack of sufficient support from the Technikon Management might be a cause for the poor attendance of academic staff during the training programme. Another aspect emerged from the data analysis was that all academic staff participated in this study expressed the need for further training in OBE and related topics. Abstract: Science for all - myth or reality?: Different educational projects around the world have made Scientific Literacy a world-wide concern. This study through a literature review shows that Scientific Literacy is a term that has many definitions and interpretations. This literature review reveals that, in the present system Science for All is a myth for various reasons. Governments around the world in general, and South Africa in particular, are in the process of introducing different projects such as the Year of Science and Technology (YEAST), science week and science exhibitions for the purpose of popularising science and technology. The Department of Education in Thailand has modified its education system to accommodate Science for All. In this literature review among other issues the status quo in South African science education and the Thailand model were examined. A few recommendations to achieve Science for All are also included in this project. Abstract: Developing and evaluating the use of learning material in science - a constructivist approach towards learning Newton's laws : a research project: The Government of National Unity in 1994 introduced a new educational policy for South Africa. This represented a shift in paradigm from a transmission mode of teaching and learning to a learner-centred education. The shift marks a transformation from a content-based curriculum to an Outcomes Based Education (OBE). Various authors found that different sections in the Physical Science syllabus in South Africa are often misunderstood by students for different reasons. One of the reasons was that students had their own ideas about laws of nature and these (mis)conceptions were resistant to change. From the literature and from the author's personal experience it was found that Bodies in Motion is a topic that is difficult to conceptualise by students of different age groups. The challenge facing educators is how to tackle this issue. In this research project a diagnostic test is developed and used to identify the topics where students have conceptual problems. To address these problem areas further, concept sheets/work sheets where developed and implemented. The different challenges and tasks given in the work sheets/learning material are organised in such a way as to make the students aware of their own ideas about Bodies in Motion in general and the key-concepts in particular and also to make them aware of the ideas of their peers (group members). It was also aimed at offering the learners the scientific alternative to their own beliefs. At the end, it was discovered that, even though the general understanding of the learners has improved in this topic (namely, Bodies in Motion), their original beliefs were largely unaffected. It is the hope of the researcher that the project would be the basis for further research on the development of learning material in science.

Although the merits of practical work in physics are often questioned, it remains part of physics curricula world-wide. In distance education the incorporation of practical work into the curriculum is considerably complicated by the unique logistics of the setting and the high cost involved. The research reported in this thesis emanated from the need to improve the practical work module for first year physics at the University of South Africa, one of the largest distance education universities in the world. Specifically, the home-based component which, up to the commencement of the research had been entirely text-based, needed to be addressed. To this end it was necessary to identify a valid and attainable set of objectives and to determine the characteristics, abilities and needs of the students in the target group. A survey polling the viewpoints of South African physics lecturers and students about the objectives of practical work was conducted and an extensive student profile comprising a biographic, cognitive and affective component was compiled. Biographically, the target group is unique in the sense that it consists mainly of adult learners, a large percentage of whom study in a second language. The cognitive component of the profile covered aptitude, proficiency in English, mathematics and the integrated science process skills and level of cognitive development, all of which were investigated for possible influence on performance in practical work. On an affective level, students displayed a very positive attitude towards practical work, seated mainly in their need for concrete exploration of the theory. A practical work module structured around an experiential learning cycle adapted to the distance education environment was subsequently designed. The study material developed for the module comprised an interactive study guide on data processing and experimental procedure, a home experiment kit with accompanying workbook and a laboratory manual. From the pilot study forming part of the development process, it was found that students performed significantly better in an assignment based on home-experimentation than in any of the pen- and paper assignments preceding it. Based on the results of the pilot study, a full home experiment kit was designed, evaluated, refined and implemented. / Physics / D.Phil. (Physics)

Practical work is regarded as an essential part of learning; hence most tertiary institutions have included a practical component in their physics courses. There is a concern about the effectiveness of the practical work in most universities. The present study is a case study that assessed the contributions of simulations on Foundation Physics students’ practical work. In assessing the contribution of simulations, two tests, Determining and Interpreting Resistive Electric Circuits Concepts Test (DIRECT) and the Test of Integrated Science Process Skills (TISP) were used. A class test, observations and worksheets from students’ practical work were analyzed and interviews with a selected group were conducted. There were 20 Foundation Physics students participating from the University of Limpopo. Results indicated that the simulations contributed positively on students’ understanding of electric circuits. However the study revealed that the students who did simulations do not differ from those who did not do the simulations with regards to the development of process skills. / Institute of Science and Technology Education / M.Sc. (Physics Education)

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o papel das ações interdisciplinares na formação do conceito de escala do estudante. Para isso, investigou-se, a literatura e os livros-texto sobre o assunto, assim como a posição dos docentes e a legislação estabelecida pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais sobre o tema. A pesquisa insere-se na linha de Epistemologia e Linguagem, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, coordenado pelo Professor Doutor Jayme Paviani e orientada pelo Professor Doutor Francisco Catelli que trabalha na investigação de abordagens alternativas no ensino de ciências. No primeiro capítulo é feita uma análise do objeto de pesquisa, "escala", buscando-se elementos na história da Matemática e da Física e relacionando-os com a Educação, especialmente com a construção do conhecimento. No segundo capítulo é realizada uma investigação na literatura sobre o conceito de interdisciplinaridade, consultando principalmente autores como Jayme Paviani e Olga Pombo, a fim de examinar a presença da noção de interdisciplinaridade no processo de construção do conhecimento. No terceiro capítulo procura-se identificar o processo de construção, leitura e interpretação do objeto escala na perspectiva dos professores de matemática e de física do ensino médio, verificando suas concepções sobre esse objeto e em que ele contribui para a formação do aluno. Observou-se, antes mesmo do início desta pesquisa, que o objeto escala não estava suficientemente esclarecido ao aluno de Ensino Médio que, frequentemente, apresenta dificuldades em construí-la e interpretá-la. Procura-se então responder à pergunta: "Que argumentos ajudam a sustentar o encaminhamento de ações interdisciplinares no ensino de escalas e medidas no Ensino Médio?" Buscando compreender a forma com que o objeto escala está sendo desenvolvido, foi feita uma análise de alguns livros didáticos de matemática e física distribuídos aos professores e alunos das escolas públicas de Ensino Médio pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático. Para conhecer o posicionamento dos professores sobre a forma com que o conceito de escala é trabalhado, foi feita uma entrevista semi-estruturada com um grupo de docentes que trabalha rotineiramente com esses livros. A partir da análise das respostas procurou-se verificar como eles acreditam que o aluno aprende, não apenas esse conceito, mas as definições fundamentais para a formação do estudante, e, se acreditam que ações interdisciplinares possam promover a melhoria na apreensão de conceitos. Através desta pesquisa foi possível perceber que os conceitos de escala e de medida são vistos, muitas vezes, apenas como ferramentas e não como formas de comunicação e representação. Esses conceitos não pertencem a uma disciplina somente, justificando a necessidade da presença da interdisciplinaridade, conceito pouco desenvolvido no contexto escolar atual. O presente trabalho tem como relevância científica a percepção da necessidade de se ampliar o campo de visão da ciência, extrapolando o conhecimento de apenas uma disciplina e interagindo com outras áreas. Além disso, esta investigação é relevante pedagogicamente na medida em que pretende contribuir para o preenchimento de uma importante lacuna existente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de Matemática e de Física, a saber, a consciência limitada, por parte de alunos e professores, do caráter inerentemente interdisciplinar dos conceitos de escala e de medida, caráter esse que dá a elas a devida amplitude. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-02T17:37:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcia Fernandes.pdf: 791355 bytes, checksum: efd11c66de5608e3bc74efdade4b156a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-02T17:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcia Fernandes.pdf: 791355 bytes, checksum: efd11c66de5608e3bc74efdade4b156a (MD5) / The current paper aims to analyze the role of disciplinary actions in shaping the formaction of the concept of the scale of the student. In order to do so, the literature, didactics about the subject, the position of the docents who work in the areas and the legislation established by the National Curricula Parameters were investigated. The research is held in the line of Epistemology and Language, of the Post Graduation Program in Education at the University of Caxias do Sul, coordinated by Professor Doctor Jayme Paviani and monitored by Professor Doctor Francisco Catelli who works in the investigation of alternative approaches in the teaching of sciences. In the first chapter an analysis of the research object, "Scale", is made in order to search for elements in the history of Mathematics and Physics and relate them with Education, especially concerning the of knowledge building. In the second chapter an investigation on the literature about interdisciplinarity is held, consulting mainly to authors Jayme Paviani and Olga Pombo, to examine the presence of the concept of interdisciplinarity in the construction of knowledge. In the third chapter the aim is to identify the process of building, reading and interpretation of the scale object in the perspective of mathematics and physics teachers of high school, verifying their conceptions about this object, and in what it contributes on the pupils´ formation. It was observed even before the beginning of this research that the scale object was not clear enough for the High School student who often has difficulty in building it and interpreting it. It was then necessary to answer the question: "What arguments give support of implementation of actions interdisciplinary teaching of scales and measures in high school?" In order to understand the way in which the scale object is being developed, an analysis of didactic materials was made, having books of Math and Physical aproved in the National Program of Didactic Book, and delivered for teachers and students of public high schools selected as samples.So that we could find out the positioning of the docents about the way the concept of scale is worked, a semi-structured interview was conducted with a group of mathematics and physics teachers who work with these books every day. From the analysis of their answers it was verified how they believe their pupils learn, not only this concept, but the fundamental definitions of the student´s formation, and, if they believe that interdisciplinary actions can foster the improvement in grasping concepts. Through this research it was possible to notice that the concepts of scale and of measure are often seen only as tools and not as ways of communication or representations. These concepts do not belong to a unique subject, that is why the interdisciplinarity is needed, a concept which is not enough developed in the school context. The realization of the need to broaden the view camp of science gives scientific relevance to the research, going beyond the knowledge of only one subject and interacting with other areas. Furthermore, this investigation is pedagogically relevant as it intends to contribute for the bridging of an important gap existing in the process of teaching-learning of Mathematics and Physics, the limited awareness of teachers and pupils of the inherent character of the concepts of scale and measure, a character that gives them the due extension.

Acompanha: Proposta didática: a robótica educacional como ferramenta metodológica no processo ensino-aprendizagem: uma experiência com a segunda lei de Newton no ano final do ensino fundamental, p. 92. / As tecnologias, no decorrer da história, têm apoiado e ressignificado os diferentes processos de ensino-aprendizagem, ao mesmo tempo em que são influenciadas por esses processos. A robótica educacional, assim como os mais recentes recursos didático-tecnológicos, abre novas possibilidades educacionais, e estas possibilidades são exploradas neste trabalho. A partir de uma pedagogia empírica, uma análise da interferência do uso da robótica educacional na aprendizagem do conhecimento científico foi realizada em alunos da série final do ensino fundamental em uma escola municipal de Curitiba. Baseando-se na teoria Construcionista de Seymour Papert derivada, principalmente, da noção de Piaget de que conceitos abstratos podem ser aprendidos a partir da investigação exploratória com as mãos, a busca de indícios dessa aprendizagem ocorreu através de aulas práticas de montagem e programação de robôs (LEGO® Mindstorms NXT) e simulações de situações reais, interpretações da natureza e transposição conceitual. O escopo deste trabalho foi investigar as contribuições da robótica educacional na formação de subsídios para a cognição da segunda lei de Newton e suas aplicações. Como deve ser a metodologia de uma aula de Física no ensino fundamental com a introdução da robótica educativa? Essa ferramenta pode ser usada nesse contexto do cotidiano escolar? Os resultados apontam esse recurso como uma ferramenta bastante útil no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do conteúdo proposto, uma metodologia dinâmica e o fator motivacional dos estudantes bastante elevado. / Technologies, throughout history, have supported and reframed the different processes of teaching and learning at the same time they are influenced by these processes. The educational robotics, as well as the latest educational and technological resources, opens up new educational possibilities, and these possibilities are explored in this work. From an empirical pedagogy, an analysis of the interference of the use of educational robotics in the learning of scientific knowledge students was held in the final series of elementary education in a public school in Curitiba. Based on the theory of Constructivist Seymour Papert derived mainly from Piaget's notion that abstract concepts can be learned from the exploratory research with hands, to look for evidence that learning occurred through practical lessons assembly and programming of robots ( LEGO ® Mindstorms NXT ) and simulations of real situations, interpretations of nature and conceptual transposition. The scope of this work was to investigate the contributions of educational robotics in training grants for cognition of Newton's second law and its applications. How should the methodology of a physics class in elementary school with the introduction of educational robotics? This tool can be used in the context of everyday school life? The results show this feature as a useful tool in the teaching - learning content proposed a methodology and dynamic motivational factor for students quite high.

Acompanha: (1) Material de apoio relacionado ao experimento da carga/massa do elétron: ensino de física moderna e contemporânea baseado em atividades de laboratório mediadas pela utilização de um software de análise e modelagem; (2) Material de apoio relacionado ao experimento da difração de elétrons: ensino de física moderna e contemporânea baseado em atividades de laboratório mediadas pela utilização de um software de análise e modelagem; (3) Material de apoio relacionado ao experimento de Millikan: ensino de física moderna e contemporânea baseado em atividades de laboratório mediadas pela utilização de um software de análise e modelagem. / Este trabalho visa a utilizar a videoanálise para dar suporte a experimentos de Física Moderna, com a intenção de torná-los disponíveis à comunidade, por meio de um Recurso Educacional Aberto (REA). A Física Moderna e Contemporânea (FMC) está cada vez mais presente nas discussões referentes ao ensino de física, assim como nas tecnologias que nos rodeiam. Professores e estudantes, em geral, têm acesso a instrumentos que possibilitam interações entre os conteúdos vistos em sala de aula e sua contextualização ou utilização no dia-a-dia. Nesse contexto, destacam-se os computadores e softwares para análise e tratamento de dados, que trazem possibilidades de incrementar o interesse pelas aulas. O programa Tracker dá suporte à realização de experimentos de física através da gravação de vídeos. Assim, é possível conceber atividades experimentais, realizar medidas e obter dados e gráficos por meio do software, o que possibilita trabalhos que unem a física moderna aos instrumentos tecnológicos, em sala de aula, permitindo que esses dois eixos de pesquisa que estão em evidência cooperem para o processo de ensinoaprendizagem. Os REA desenvolvidos aproximam nosso trabalho de movimentos internacionais que visam a proporcionar o acesso, uso e reuso a materiais de ensino de qualidade, licenciados de maneira aberta. Para isso, foram produzidos vídeos associados a três experimentos fundamentais de Física Moderna: experimento da gota de óleo de Millikan; experimento de carga/massa do elétron; e experimento de difração de elétrons. Os vídeos foram analisados com o Tracker e postos na internet, à disposição da comunidade, sob uma licença Creative Commons. Foram elaborados tutoriais detalhados, para nortear o uso dos materiais em sala de aula, além de uma parte destinada a exploração pelos próprios estudantes, na forma de um “faça você mesmo”. Em complemento ao desenvolvimento do produto, também foi realizada pesquisa de validação do material, caracterizada pela aplicação de questionários para professores e estudantes. A análise das respostas e dos dados obtidos ocorreu de maneira qualitativa, de acordo com referenciais da área de Ensino. / This work aims at the development of Open Educational Resources (OER) for the teaching of Modern Physics experiments, based on video-analysis. Modern Physics teaching strategies constitute an important theme amongst the physics education community, mainly due to the ubiquitous presence of Modern Physics in technologies that surround us. In fact, in their everyday life, teachers and students have wide access to technologies that allow them to establish connections between classroom contents and their applications. In this context, we highlight the use of computers and data analysis software, which bring about wide possibilities to overcome the monotony of science classes. Tracker is a software that constitutes an important video-analysis tool, which was developed for physics teaching based on video recording of experiments. It facilitates the design of laboratory and experimental activities, including data collection and graph preparation. Therefore, Tracker serves as a platform to integrate both Modern Physics teaching and technological tools in the classroom, bringing together two research pillars in Physics Education (Modern Physics and the use of Technology). The OER was developed in accordance to international trends in open source technologies, and it comprises videos related to three fundamental experiments in Modern Physics: Millikan’s oil drop experiment; electron charge-to-mass ratio experiment; and electron diffraction experiment. The videos were analyzed with Tracker and posted in the Internet, under a Creative Commons license. Detailed tutorials were also developed in order to facilitate in-classroom use of the materials. In addition, validation of the OER was also performed through questionnaires responded by teachers and students who used the developed material. Modern and contemporary physics teaching based on laboratory activities mediated by video analysis-and-modelling software.

Esta pesquisa verifica a possibilidade de uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, baseados em tecnologias livres, no estudo das leis de conservação no ensino médio, de proporcionar aprendizagem significativa, de acordo com o referencial de Ausubel. Quatro atividades foram elaboradas, usando a técnica de videoanálise, e realizadas por alunos dos segundos anos do ensino médio no Colégio da Polícia Militar do Paraná, durante o ano de 2013. Ao longo do desenvolvimento das atividades, percebeu-se claramente uma grande evolução na qualidade das respostas dos alunos, que pode ser percebida pela extensão das respostas, pela riqueza do vocabulário e pela construção da argumentação para sustentar um certo ponto de vista. As atividades propostas se mostraram capazes de proporcionar indícios de aprendizagem significativa. Estas atividades também mostram a possibilidade de dar às aulas de física uma extensão maior, contribuindo na superação de alguns dos novos desafios do ensino de física, como as competências e habilidades exigidas pelo ENEM, que vai além de uma visão baseada simplesmente em conteúdos. / This research investigates the possible use of Information Technology and Communication, based on open technologies and the study of conservation laws in secondary education, providing meaningful learning, using Ausubel as reference. Four activities were executed using the Video Review technique, and performed by students on second grade of high school at Military Police of Paraná High School during the year of 2013. Throughout the development of the activities, it was clearly demonstrated a major evolution of the quality of student’s responses, which can be determined by the extent of the responses, the improvement on the vocabulary and the construction of arguments to support a certain point of view. As a result, the proposed activities showed evidence of meaningful learning. These activities also showed the possibility of extending the physics lessons beyond technical skills and reaching other areas of learning, such as the skills and abilities required by ESMS, which goes beyond a vision based simply on the subject content.