Submitted by DAIR FERREIRA SALGADO JUNIOR null (dairsalgado@gmail.com) on 2017-01-05T17:54:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 5078960 bytes, checksum: f66841a9969c704bd527a1761f8e7e3b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-10T17:08:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 salgadojunior_df_me_ilha.pdf: 5078960 bytes, checksum: f66841a9969c704bd527a1761f8e7e3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T17:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 salgadojunior_df_me_ilha.pdf: 5078960 bytes, checksum: f66841a9969c704bd527a1761f8e7e3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / A evolução do processo de furação nos trouxe ao desenvolvimento do método de furação por laser pulsado, mas não temos definido o que a variação de cada parâmetro produz nos microfuros em relação à qualidade dos mesmos medidos com base em seu formato em aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 316L. O presente estudo analisou como variações na potência de pico, largura temporal do pulso e existência ou não de atmosfera protetora podem mudar os tamanhos, formatos e profundidades em microfuros. Produziram-se combinações dos parâmetros que foram usadas para obter furos em chapas de aço AISI 316L com 1 mm de espessura com o uso de uma fonte de laser pulsado Nd:YAG e analisar as propriedades em cada combinação, tais como diâmetros de entrada e de saída, profundidades e formatos observados em estereoscópio.

Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-12T18:32:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2017336 bytes, checksum: 7285f5580d43d85f4dff4fae77f0123f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T18:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2017336 bytes, checksum: 7285f5580d43d85f4dff4fae77f0123f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Foi conduzido no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, um experimento com o objetivo de determinar a exigência nutricional de cálcio para codornas japonesas durante o pico de postura. Foram utilizadas 360 codornas japonesas fêmeas com idade de 56 dias, durante o período de pico de produção. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6x4; sendo seis níveis de cálcio e quatro períodos experimentais de 28 dias cada, onde cada tratamento foi constituído de seis repetições e dez aves por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais continham 2860 kcal de energia metabolizável /kg, 20% de proteína bruta e os níveis de (1,6; 2,0; 2,4; 2,8; 3,2 e 3,6%) de cálcio, constituindo assim os seis tratamentos experimentais. A determinação da exigência de cálcio foi estimada através dos parâmetros de produção de ovos, consumo de ração, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar, ganho de peso, peso específico dos ovos, peso de casca, espessura de casca, teores de cinzas e cálcio na casca, concentrações de cinzas e cálcio nos ossos, utilizando-se os modelos de regressão linear e/ou quadrática. Os níveis de cálcio influenciaram de forma quadrática, a produção de ovos por ave alojada, o peso específico da casca, o peso de casca e a percentagem de cinzas nos ossos. Foram influenciadas linearmente pelos níveis de cálcio na dieta a conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, a espessura de casca e a percentagem de cálcio nos ossos. Não havendo influência dos tratamentos para produção de ovos comerciais, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos e gramas de cinzas nos ossos. Concluindo que a exigência de cálcio estimada, de acordo com as respostas biológicas obtidas pelas aves frente aos níveis de cálcio estudados foi de 3,2% de cálcio para codornas japonesas durante a fase de pico de postura. / The study was conducted in Zootecnia department, Aviculture Sector of Viçosa Federal University. The main objective of this work was to determine the calcium nutritional exigency from Japanese quails in their peak production. We used 360 female 56 days old Japanese quails. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial system of 6x4; six levels of calcium and four experimental periods of 28 days each, all treatments were composed by six replicates and ten birds by experimental unit. The experimental diets were made with 2,860 Kcal of ME/Kg, 20% of protein and varying calcium levels (1.6; 2.0; 2.4; 2.8; 3.2 and 3,6). The determination of calcium requirements was obtained using egg production, ration consume, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, weight gain, specific egg weight, weight and thickness of the eggshell as surrogates of nutritional exigency. This estimate was obtained by using linear and/or quadratic regressions. Calcium levels influenced egg production per bird, specific eggshell weight, eggshell weight and percentage of ashes in the bones in a quadratic way. Feed conversion per egg mass, thickness of the eggshell and the percentage of calcium in the bones were linearly influenced by the six levels of calcium. There was no influence of the treatments in the commercial egg production, ration consume, feed conversion per dozen eggs and grams of ashes in the bones. We conclude that the estimated calcium required by Japanese quails in their peak production phase, according to the biological response of the birds, was 3.2% of calcium on the diet.

Montréal Trigonix inc. 2018

Depuis 2004, l'Université de Paris Sud a établi une collaboration avec le département de Génie Électrique de la Faculté d'ingénierie de l'Université du Laos (UNL). La thématique de recherche concerne le pilotage de l'électronique de puissance pour la gestion de sources d'énergie renouvelable pour le Laos. Ainsi en 2009, le Gouvernement français a financé une bourse de thèse pour le développement d'un outil de pré-dimensionnement de la production électrique renouvelable pour les villages isolés au Laos. En effet, le réseau de transport et de distribution du Laos est déjà en tension compte tenu de l'explosion de la consommation dans les zones urbaines. Son extension aux zones rurales notamment dans les zones montagneuses représente un coût d'investissement beaucoup trop élevé. Par contre le pays bénéficie de ressources naturelles (hydrauliques, solaire et agricoles) dont l'exploitation judicieuse peut permettre le développement de la filière des énergies renouvelables. La production d'énergie électrique décentralisée (fermes solaires par exemple) nécessite une évaluation des ressources locales et un dimensionnement optimal de l'ensemble des constituants (sources, dispositifs de stockage, convertisseurs, etc.) et de l'architecture du mini ou micro réseau autonome.Cette thèse est organisée en 3 chapitres :Le chapitre 1 présente dans un premier temps le travail qui permit d'identifier les besoins et les ressources effectivement disponibles au Laos. Pour cela, un séjour de plusieurs semaines dans des zones rurales reculées du Nord-Ouest du Laos a été effectué. Cela a permis d'obtenir un profil de consommation standard, d'identifier les ressources et de relever les données des réseaux rudimentaires existants (puissance et configuration). Une importante recherche bibliographique sur les outils logiciels existants a ensuite été réalisée. Cela a permis de dimensionner et de simuler ces systèmes autonomes. Le chapitre 2 présente les limitations de ces outils de conception (absence de flexibilité dans les modèles utilisés et algorithmes d'optimisation trop contraints) et le développement dans l'environnement de Matlab-Simulink d'une bibliothèque de modèles des constituants du système d'énergie autonome. Les modèles sont réalisés pour faciliter un dimensionnement optimal du système selon des critères de coût, de disponibilité et de fiabilité. Un important travail d'étude bibliographique sur les architectures de réseaux a été réalisé et combiné à une synthèse des ressources et des besoins des milieux ruraux au Laos. Le chapitre 3 présente deux exemples de dimensionnement de systèmes de production d'électricité pour des sites isolés au Laos à partir d'énergie renouvelables. Le cahier des charges correspond à un village isolé de 50 maisons pour 130 habitants. Le critère économique est fondamental dans cette étude où l'optimisation cherche à réduire les coûts des constituants tout en satisfaisant les besoins en puissances des villageois. Différentes optimisations continue et hybrides (continu et entier) sont conduites en tenant compte de contraintes sur les sources. Des indicateurs de performance sont ainsi utilisés: "Loss of Power Supply Probability, Forced Outage Rates, Annualized Cost of System, Levelized Cost of Energy, etc.". / Since 2004, a collaboration between Université Paris Sud of France and the Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, National University of Laos (NUOL) has been carried out on the control of power electronics for the management of renewable energies source in Laos. Therefore in 2009, the French Government has funded a PhD thesis on the development of a designing tool for the early-sizing of renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos. This thesis report is organized in three chapters:Chapter I presents a short review of the status and development plans for the electrification of Laos. Then, based on a two-month field study in Northern Laos, analyses of energy consumptions of households in isolated villages and available renewable sources, using small scale hydro power plants and solar systems among others, are presented. Afterward, micro-grid configurations and technologies adapted to Laos are discussed. Obtained results are used in the next chapters as specifications for the designing tool.Chapter II focuses on software tools for system design and system modeling. First, a short review of the existing early-sizing tools for renewable energy sources for isolated villages is presented. But an analysis of evaluated software's such as LEAP, HOMER, HOGA, etc. shows that they are not opened enough to facilitate the development of a flexible and scalable designing too. Thus, Matlab/Simulink software is chosen as an open and highly adaptable architecture research tool. Then, specific models for renewable sources, storage devices, grid configuration are developed in order to facilitate the optimization procedures of an off-grid system design. After that, a short review of the existing optimization algorithms, available in Matlab, is carried out. Then, a paralleled mono-objective Genetic Algorithm is configured and applied in the next chapter.Chapter III presents several designs of isolated villages in Laos, using renewable energies. The specifications focus on isolated villages of about 50 houses for 120 inhabitants. The economic aspect is a key point in order to minimize costs of designed system while satisfying daily load demands of the village. For this task, locally available natural resources such as rivers and solar radiation are considered as energy sources. Various optimizations using continuous and discrete optimization algorithms are conducted taken into account the sources constraints and a short review of the existing hybrid system performance indicators is carried out, such as: Loss of Power Supply Probability, Forced outage rates, Annualized Cost of System, Levelized Cost of Energy, etc. Finally, the results obtained in this thesis show that renewable sources can be used at a reasonable price for off-grid electrification of isolated villages in Laos. Moreover, the developed designing tool can easily be adapted to new models of renewable sources and storage devices, which is the main interest of a designing tool for the early-sizing of off-grid renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos.

Ce projet s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une étude fondamentale liée à l'oxydation et la réduction de ces éléments sous irradiation γ et He²⁺. ⁺. Tout d'abord la technique d’électrochimie a été utilisée pour la réduction du Mn (VII) afin d'obtenir les meilleures conditions expérimentales. Car les expériences étant réalisées sous irradiation ainsi les radicaux carbonate qui sont produits par radiolyse jouent un rôle important dans les réactions. La cinétique de formation et la décroissance des radicaux carbonate dans les solutions de carbonate concentrées ont été étudiés par radiolyse pulsée β pico-seconde. Après la réduction du Mn (VII) et l'oxydation du Mn (II) dans une solution de carbonate ([CO₃²⁻] = 5 mol.l⁻¹) sont réalisées sous irradiation γ et He²⁺. Par des données obtenues pour H₂ produit, les spectres UV-Vis et structure finale, les mécanismes de la réaction sont discutés. Re (III) est oxydé facilement dans une solution de carbonate concentré sous irradiation (γ et He²⁺) mais Re (VII) ne peut être réduite à moins que l'addition de formiate afin d'empêcher la formation de radicaux carbonate. De la même façon, Tc (VII) ne peut être réduit dans les solutions concentrées de carbonate sous irradiation (γ et He²⁺) sans ajout de formiate. L'état d'oxydation du produit final de la réduction de Tc(VII) a été déterminée par spectroscopie XANES et est de + IV. En outre, la structure finale du produit final a été déterminée par spectroscopie EXAFS. Le mécanisme de la réaction, le rendement radiolytique de décroissance et la formation du Tc et l’effet de concentration du carbonate sur la produit final de la réduction du Tc(VII) sous irradiation sont discutés. / This project is one part of the fundamental study and deals with theoxidation/reduction reactions and speciation of technetium and its homologous manganese and rhenium in highly concentrated carbonate solutions under γ and He²⁺ irradiation. Firstly the electrochemistry experiment is carried out for the reduction of Mn(VII) in order to obtain the best experimental conditions. As the experiments are performed under irradiation, the carbonate radicals,which are produced by radiolysis, play an important role in the reactions. The formation and decay kinetics of the carbonate radicals in concentrated carbonate solutions were studied by electron picosecond pulse radiolysis. The reduction of Mn(VII) and the oxidation of Mn(II) experiments in carbonate solution ([CO₃²⁻] = 5 mol.l⁻¹) are carried out under γ and He²⁺ irradiation. By the obtained data from the produced H₂, UV-Vis spectra and the final structure determination, the mechanisms of the reaction are discussed. Re(III)is oxidized easily in concentrated carbonate solution under irradiation (γ and He²⁺) but Re(VII) cannot be reduced unless addition of formate in order to prevent carbonate radical formation. Also Tc(VII) cannot be reduced in concentrated carbonate solutions under irradiation (γ and He²⁺) without formate addition. The oxidation state of the final product of reduction of Tc(VII) was determined by XANES spectroscopy and is +IV. Moreover, the final structure of the product was determined by EXAFS spectroscopy. The mechanisms of reaction, decay and formation radiolytic yield of Tc and also the effect of concentration of carbonate on final product of reduction ofTc(VII) under irradiation are discussed.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation presents a study of the atmospheric turbulence decay on the surface layer during the evening transition. This is done through the analysis of the spectral densities temporal evolutions of the three wind components, observed at a micrometeorological site in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. From the observed spectra, the shapes and types of turbulent decay are determined. The decay happens as a consequence of the decrease in the two types of forcings that are responsible for turbulence production: mechanical (vertical wind shear) and thermal (surface sensible heat flux). Results show that surface layer turbulence decay does not follow an organized pattern, due to the existence of the different forcings, specially the mechanical one. The convection-related spectral peak tends to vanish as the transition goes on, but the mechanical peak remains important if the surface winds are appreciable. The temporal evolutions of the spectral components are also employed for a comparison with the model from Goulart et al. (2002) for the decay of a homogeneous turbulence. This is done through the comparison of the three-dimensional observed spectra to those generated by the theoretical model. The three-dimensional observational spectra are obtained by the employment of Kristensen et al. (1989) model. This model provides a method for the determination of the three-dimensional spectrum from the one-dimensional components, for homogeneous turbulence. The comparison shows that a reasonable adjust only happens in the case of a surface layer completely controlled by the thermal forcings. If a mechanical production of turbulence exists, the model is not capable of reproducing the observations. / Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo do decaimento da turbulência atmosférica na Camada Limite Superficial, durante o período de transição dia-noite. Isto é feito a partir da análise das evoluções temporais das densidades espectrais das três componentes do vento medidas observacionalmente em um sítio micrometeorológico na região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Através destes espectros são determinadas as formas e os tipos de decaiments, que se dão por conseqüência do declínio dos forçantes geradores de turbulência: o forçante térmico (Fluxo de Calor Sensível) e o mecânico (cisalhamento do vento médio), durante o período de transição. Os resultados mostram que o decaimento na turbulência na camada superficial não segue um padrão bem organizado, em função da existência dos diferentes forçantes, especialmente o de origem mecânica. O pico espectral relativo ao movimento convectivo tende a desaparecer conforme a transição ocorre, mas o pico relativo ao forçante mecânico permanece existindo em casos de vento forte em superfície. As evoluções temporais das componentes espectrais também são empregadas em uma comparação com o modelo de Goulart et al., (2002) para o decaimento de uma turbulência homogênea. Está comparação é feita através do confronto dos espectros tridimensionais observados com os espectros tridimensionais teóricos, gerados pelo modelo de Goulart et al.. Estes espectros tridimensionais são obtidos através do modelo de Kristensen et al. (1989), que fornece um método para a construção do espectro tridimensional a partir das componentes espectrais unidimensionais u, v, e w, para uma turbulência homogênea. A comparação mostra que um ajuste razoável ocorre apenas no caso de uma turbulência na camada supeficial completamente dominada pelos forçantes térmicos. No caso da existência de forçante mecânico em superfície, o modelo não é capaz de reproduzir as observações.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoJCS_DISSERT.pdf: 3148033 bytes, checksum: 1d6e571d5bcd941b37b01b5a7eb6cb07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study is part of interactional perspective, focusing on Conversation Analysis theories, from the Textual Interactive Perspective and Text Linguistics . This research, from its guiding questions, aims at understanding the interaction between teacher and students in the process of the knowledge construction as well as at describing, analyzing and understanding aspects of topical organization speech in the classroom in elementary school, observing the opening and closing procedures of the speech topics in that particular space. Considering that the procedures for opening and closing of discursive topics occur through language marks, we tried to identify which speech marks are used in the opening and closing of the topics studied in the classroom, in interaction during the collaborative process of the discourse established between teacher and students. Therefore, this study is based on authors who analyze specific questions of the text in real context of language use: Koch (1993, 1999), Jubran et al (1991), Jubran (2006), Pine (2005), Penhavel (2010), Galembeck (2012), Barros (1991), Marcuschi (1986 , 1990, 1991 , 1998 , 1999, 2003 , 2004a), Kerbrat - Orecchioni (2006), Favero (1999, 2002) and Galv?o (2004, 2010). As a methodology of investigation, the study is focused on the postulates of ethnographic research in order to carry out data collection, through audio and video recordings which were transcribed, according to the NURC project proposal, with some adaptations. Data analysis showed that the procedures for opening and closing of the speech topics occurred by the use of discourse markers, in particular the marker "then", allowing us to understand that these elements are important in the topical organization speech, contributing to ensure textual cohesion and coherence. We conclude that the organization of the discursive topic in the classroom occurs through events that support the explicitness of the content of teaching and learning, considering the diverse necessity of an institutional academic plan, whose main objective is the construction of knowledge / Este trabalho se insere em perspectivas interacionais, com base nos pressupostos da An?lise da Conversa??o, da Perspectiva Textual Interativa e da Lingu?stica de Texto. A partir da quest?o norteadora que busca uma compreens?o acerca da intera??o entre professor e alunos no processo de constru??o do conhecimento, temos como objetivos: descrever, analisar e interpretar aspectos da organiza??o t?pica em sala de aula no Ensino Fundamental, observando os procedimentos de abertura e fechamento dos t?picos nesse espa?o espec?fico. Partindo da expectativa de que os procedimentos de abertura e fechamento dos t?picos discursivos ocorrem por meio de marcas lingu?sticas, buscamos identificar que marcas s?o usadas nas aberturas e fechamentos dos t?picos na sala de aula investigada, no transcurso das intera??es durante o processo colaborativo do discurso instaurado entre professora e alunos. Assim sendo, embasamo-nos em autores que analisam quest?es espec?ficas do texto em situa??o concreta de uso da linguagem, entre estes, Koch (1993, 1999), Jubran et al (1991), Jubran (2006), Pinheiro (2005), Penhavel (2010), Galembeck (2012), Barros (1991), Marcuschi (1986, 1990, 1991, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004a), Kerbrat-Orecchioni (2006), F?vero (1999, 2002) e Galv?o (2004, 2010). Metodologicamente, orientamo-nos nos postulados da pesquisa etnogr?fica, a fim de realizar a coleta dos dados, atrav?s de grava??es em ?udio e v?deo, que foram transcritos, em seguida, conforme a proposta do projeto NURC, com algumas adapta??es. A an?lise dos dados ressaltados revelou que os procedimentos de abertura e de fechamento dos t?picos ocorreram pelo uso de marcadores discursivos, em especial o marcador ent?o , propiciando-nos ? compreens?o de que esses elementos s?o importantes na organiza??o t?pica, contribuindo para assegurar a coer?ncia e a coes?o textual. Conclu?mos que a organiza??o do t?pico discursivo em sala de aula acontece mediante ocorr?ncias que auxiliam a explicita??o do conte?do de ensino e aprendizagem, tendo em vista ?s diversas necessidades de um plano acad?mico institucional, cujo objetivo principal ? a constru??o do conhecimento

Bakgrund: Akut buksmärta är en av de vanligaste sökorsakerna på en akutmottagning. Trots det är smärtlindringen till denna patientkategori omdiskuterad då smärtlindring innan läkarbedömning anses äventyra patientens hälsa och riskerar att maskera potentiellt livshotande tillstånd trots att forskning de senare årtiondena visat på motsatsen. Syfte:  Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka fördelar och risker med smärtlindring administrerad av sjuksköterska innan läkarbedömning vid akut buksmärta. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie som granskat kvantitativa artiklar i ämnet med företrädesvis randomiserade kontrollerade studier beskrivna. De granskade artiklarna har sökts upp i medicinska databaser med hjälp av den strukturerade sökmetoden PICO. Artiklarnas resultat har granskats med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Totalt 12 vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades och utgjorde resultatet i litteraturstudien. I resultatet framkom tre kategorier och en underkategori som belyste smärtskattning och smärtlindring, biverkningar och komplikationer, påverkan på diagnosbeslut och patientbelåtenhet. Slutsats: Tidig smärtlindring med opioider och paracetamol smärtlindrar patienten adekvat och försenar inte klinisk bedömning och efterföljande diagnosbeslut av läkare vid akut buksmärta.

Given the unstable state of the environment, there is an undeniable need for the development of sustainable technologies. This need affects all areas of everyday life, even the shower. Modern shower systems result in energy waste in the form of heat, which can be minimized through the implementation of a heat exchanger. In cooperation with Consat SES this project developed a system to implement a heat exchanger using an in-shower water transportation pipe. A fitting non-electrical pump and motor were also chosen. To develop these elements a general design methodology of defining the problem, identifying the solution space, developing concepts, testing concepts and proposing a design, was used with adaptations for the component at hand. By following this strategy for each component and then reviewing the system as a whole, a new shower system was developed with a trapezoidal water transport pipe, a wing pump, and a turgo turbine.

Attitude control is an essential subsystem of most spacecraft buses, therefore attitude determination plays a very important role as it is the feedback system for any closed-loop attitude control system. Of all attitude determination sensors star trackers are usually the most accurate ones. Unfortunately, the star trackers usually used on classical, large spacecrafts are too big, heavy and power hungry. For pico-satellites, which can only carry a limited amount of volume and mass and provide only limited power, these sensors obviously cannot be used. Consequently, miniaturized star trackers have been developed in recent years, but so far the available star trackers are not sufficiently miniaturized to be feasible for the use on pico-satellites, including STELLA, a miniaturized star tracker developed at the University of Würzburg. Therefore, further miniaturization is necessary, which is why the University of Würzburg is active on the research of star trackers for small satellites. A first prototype for a new star tracker for pico-satellites, called PicoStar, has been developed in the scope of this thesis. Using a simpler system design and new image sensors, its volume could be reduced by two-thirds and the mass by about half compared to STELLA. The expected performance is kept reasonably. There is still room for further reduction of the power consumption, as it is currently up to 30% higher than required. As this Master thesis focuses on the implementation of the embedded system and the optimization of the software of the star tracker, the prototype is not finalized. So far, the star tracker algorithm has been implemented and the attitude determination is running. First test results have shown that the next steps in the PicoStar development, among other things, have to be further calibration and testing. / Validerat; 20151109 (global_studentproject_submitter)