New national curriculums are issued in order to change the present state of the educational system in a nation. In 2011 the old curriculum, the Läroplanen för de frivilliga skolformerna (LPF94) was replaced by the Läroplan, examensmål och gymnasiegemensamma ämnen för gymnasieskola 2011 (GY11). As future teachers we are interested in how a new curriculum affects the work of teachers concerning planning, teaching and examination from the teacher’s point of view. We conducted interviews with five teachers working at upper secondary schools (16-19 year olds) in Kalmar county. Our theoretical framework is based on curriculum theory and concepts of Leonard Bernstein: framing and classification. The interviews were conducted very freely, we had a couple of base questions and the teachers had the opportunity to elaborate their own thoughts, without us steering them too much. It is their experience and concerns we are interested of after all. We have then made sure their anonymity by addressing them by letters (in order of conducted interview), not mentioning their working place or gender. The only information present is how long they have worked as teachers and their subjects. Three of the teachers experience a different pattern concerning co-operation and their teaching style in the classroom. While two of them have no such experience, more or less. What they all do experience is the expansion of the knowledge chapter in the curriculum. Now there is more knowledge the teachers must teach the pupils, but in the same amount of time as before. With much more to teach, one teacher especially expressed, there is more of a monolog in the classroom and less opportunities for current events in the world, in order to go through the now specific knowledge. Also, the new grades are tougher to achieve, more hard work is acquired just to pass. With the LPF94 different schools applied with different methods concerning working habits and view on teaching style, thus the LPF94 had a loose framing. This study concludes that the new curriculum promotes strong framing, the teachers work more as a unit now.

Master of Science in Dentistry / This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au

p. 1 - 108 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-31T18:24:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 555.pdf: 706459 bytes, checksum: 5c723ed64cee66c40036d12176ac4ce0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fatima Cleômenis Botelho Maria (botelho@ufba.br) on 2013-02-04T14:11:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 555.pdf: 706459 bytes, checksum: 5c723ed64cee66c40036d12176ac4ce0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-04T14:11:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 555.pdf: 706459 bytes, checksum: 5c723ed64cee66c40036d12176ac4ce0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Esta dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a utilização de um sistema de informação no suporte à gestão do programa BTS do Governo do Estado da Bahia com vistas a sua sustentabilidade. A pesquisa teve como objetivo propor diretrizes para a construção de sistemas de informação gerencial através da avaliação do sistema de informação desenvolvido no âmbito do programa BTS. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas abertas, documentos e relatórios utilizados pela Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Urbano do Estado – SEDUR, responsável pela gestão do programa e confrontados com o modelo de análise proposto. Concluiu-se então que o sistema de informação implantado no programa BTS não poderá auxiliar a gestão pois não permite o alcance sistêmico e inter-relacionado das ações executadas e os respectivos efeitos e impactos com vistas a sustentabilidade do programa, sendo tão somente uma solução de caráter operacional focada no controle contábil-financeiro visando garantir o processo de prestação de contas frente aos agentes financiadores e os organismos de controle externo do Governo do Estado da Bahia. Recomendações foram elencadas visando otimizar o processo de planejamento e concepção de sistemas de informação em contextos semelhantes. / Salvador

Moelven är en av Skandinaviens största trämekaniska koncerner med 52 operativa enheter i Norge, Sverige och Danmark. Denna studie har utförts i hyvlerianläggningen hos Moelven Valåsen Wood AB som är ett hyvleri och vidareförädling av byggvirke beläget i Karlskoga. Problemet grundar sig i att Moelven vill öka utnyttjandegraden i hyvlerianläggningen. Denna ligger idag på ca 65% och hyvleriet begränsar därför en stor del av materialflödet. Syftet med denna fallstudie var att undersöka vilka orsaker som ligger bakom den låga utnyttjandegraden för att ge förslag på åtgärder till dessa. Studien inleddes med ett brett perspektiv för att kunna undersöka de verkliga orsakerna till problemet. En analys gjordes av de olika stopporsakerna för att klargöra vilka olika stopp som uppstår samt hur stor del av den totala stopptiden de utgör. Vidare gjordes avgränsningar som innebar en fördjupning inom omställningsprocessen då omställningar av hyveln utgjorde 30% av den totala stopptiden under tidsperioden. För att kunna analysera denna process gjordes videoinspelningar där de olika arbetsmomenten definierades och tidsattes. Då fräsbyten var de omställningar som observerades flest antal gånger utformades konkreta förbättringsförslag främst för dessa. Moelven får även underlag för att kunna gå vidare med de övriga omställningarna. Fallstudien resulterade i olika förbättringsförslag som främst syftade till att effektivisera omställningarna. Dessa förslag innebar: • Separera externa och interna aktiviteter, såsom att förbereda verktyg inför omställningen. • Använda verktygsvagnar för att eliminera rörelser i så stor utsträckning som möjligt. • Skapa bättre ordning på verktyg genom att utforma en check table. • Standardisering av arbetsmoment genom att skapa en rutinbeskrivning samt dela upp  operatörerna i olika arbetsroller. • Involvera alla i organisationen för att kunna arbeta med ständiga förbättringar. En simulering gjordes genom att implementera delar av förbättringsförslaget vilken medförde en ställtidsreducering om 32.5% för fräsbyte. Då en stor gemensam faktor för alla typer av omställningar är rörelser, vilket förbättringsförslaget syftar till att reducera kan det antas vara generaliserbart för övriga omställningar. / Moelven is an industrial group that produces building materials and systems for the construction industry; with its 52 productions units in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, it is one of the biggest in Scandinavia. This study has been carried out in the planing mill at Moelven Valåsen Wood AB in Karlskoga. Because of the low utilization rate in the planing mill (65%), it constitutes a bottleneck, meaning it limits the capacity and flow of material, for most of the products. The purpose of the study was to analyze the stoppage in the planing mill in order to make recommendations on how the utilization rate can be increased. The study began with a wide perspective to identify the reasons behind this problem. A summary of all stops in the planing mill concluded that set ups of the planer made up for 30% of total stoppage. Because of this, the study was narrowed down to mainly analyze the different types of set ups, which was done through extensive observations and videotaping. The solutions and recommendations that were given are therefore almost entirely regarding set up-time reduction, and more specifically, milling set ups. The recommendations, based on the results of the study, includes: • Suggestions on how to separate internal and external set up. • Better order of tools through designing a check table. • Standardizing the procedure by creating a routine and dividing the operators into different work roles. • Involving everyone in the organization in order to work with continuous improvement. A simulation of milling set ups was done by implementing parts of the recommendations – this resulted in a setup up-time reduction of 13 minutes, which corresponds to 32.5%. Because of common denominators, such as movements, the recommendations given are likely generalizable for all set ups.

The aim of the dissertation is create the clear directions for setting up of the business plan and to create also the real business plan of saving bank. This dissertation consists of two main parts. The theoretical part contains the needed resources for the corect design of business plan and in the practical part are those principles applied to the project.

This graduation these is engaged in creation of business plan for middle sized transport company. In theoretical section I focused on different types of business plan, on the parts of business plan, on the creation of SWOT analysis, on the method of NPV, on the Payback Period method, and of course on methods of strategy analysis. In practical section I processed the business plan of the company Comextrans Ltd., which is created on the occasion of an expand into another region. Business plan in this case serves also as a summary of the conditions, in which the company exists, and for the financial calculation of the opening a new branch.

This Master’s Thesis deals with the analysis of current situation in company AŽD, s.r.o. and of its financial planning model. On the basis of findings, the work includes the proposal of improvement this model.

Die von mir vorgelegte Monografie thematisiert den Einfluss von professioneller Zahnreinigung und Scaling and Root Planing auf bestimmte Viridans-Streptokokkenspezies. Die Zusammensetzung des Biofilms ist von großem klinischen Interesse, da Parodontalerkrankungen in der Praxis sehr häufig auftreten. Die vorgelegte Arbeit nimmt sich der Frage an, inwieweit die parodontale Initialtherapie den Biofilm, im Speziellen die Streptokokken, beeinflusst. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen Streptokokken als frühe Rekolonisierer. Durch die unterschiedliche Reihenfolge in der Rekolonisation der einzelnen Streptokokkenspezies kann möglicherweise durch Applikation dieser Frühkolonisierer die Zusammensetzung des Biofilms dahingehend geändert werden, dass parodontopathogene Keime besser kontrolliert werden können auf Basis einer kompetetiven Hemmung.:1. Einleitung 2. Ziele der Arbeit 3. Material und Methoden 4. Ergebnisse 5. Diskussion 6. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 7. Literaturverzeichnis 8. Anlagen

Die ökologische Beziehung parodontopathogener Mikroorganismen ist für die komplexe Ätiologie und Progression der Parodontitis von großer Bedeutung. Daher galt es in vorliegender Studie die Vorhersagbarkeit für klinisch stabile Ergebnisse nach Scaling und Root Planing anhand von zwölf Mikroorganismen des subgingivalen Biofilms zu evaluieren. Derjenige Marker sollte herausgefiltert werden, der eine Vorhersage auf das Therapieergebnis nach SRP liefert. Anhand der Ergebnisse konnte Porphyromonas gingivalis als wichtigster prognostischer Marker dieser Studie ausfindig gemacht werden. Ein positiver Nachweis auf das Vorkommen der Spezies vor Scaling und Root Planing sowie drei Monate danach, könnte eine Prognose für das Therapieergebnis liefern. Hierbei ist es wichtig, dass das Vorhandensein von Leitpathogenen aufgedeckt wird.:1. Einleitung 1.1 Epidemiologie und Ätiopathogenese 1.2 Parodontitis und parodontopathogene Mikroorganismen 1.3 Parodontaltherapie 2. Aufgabenstellung / Ziel der Studie 3. Material und Methoden 3.1 Durchführung klinischer Befunderhebung 3.2 Patientenauswahl und Studiendesign 3.3 Mikrobiologische Analyse 3.4 Gruppenzuordnung 3.5 Statistische Auswertung 4. Ergebnisse 5. Diskussion 6. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 7. Literaturverzeichnis 8. Anlagen 9. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung 10. Lebenslauf 11. Publikationen 12. Danksagung

This thesis investigates the design of a local planning method for a reversing single joint tractor-trailer system that can be used in a sampling-based motion planner. The motion planner used is a Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) developed by Scania. The main objective of a local planning method is to generate a feasible path between two poses, which is needed when expanding the search tree in an RRT. The local planning method described in this thesis uses a set of curves, similar to Reeds-Shepp curves, feasible for a single joint tractor-trailer system. The curves are found by solving a constrained optimization problem that adheres to the kinematic model of the system. The reference for the tractor is generated by discretizing the path between curves. The reference for the trailer is generated by simulating the mission backwards where the curve radiuses are used as input. Simulating the mission backwards circumvents the instability of the system when reversing. The generated references are then compared to references generated by a lattice-based motion planner. The length of the references generated by the RRT are smaller than those generated by the lattice-based motion planner in simple open environments. The RRT had issues finding a path in cases where the environment was complex while the lattice-based motion planner found a path in every scenario. The computational time was significantly lower for the RRT in all simulations. The RRT generates all references between any two given poses while the lattice-based motion planner approximate the start and goal poses to the closest vertex in the search-space.  The references generated by the RRT did not perform optimally when small turns were needed along the curves due to the distance needed for maneuvering the tractor. Therefore, a new optimization problem has to be defined for which the small turns are considered.