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The term "Intelligence" has for too long been perceived as activities of closed organisations, surrounded by myths, misunderstanding, and taboos. Intelligence is now regarded as a key element not only in business but virtually in all fields of public and private affairs. Intelligence is seen as a concern for every organization and nearly every individual. This study has been conducted in response to a void identified by the researcher in respect of the training of intelligence operatives attached to the Crime Intelligence Gathering Unit of the South African Police Service, Kwa - Zulu Natal. The study was conducted to provide a comprehensive insight into the effectiveness of the current Crime Intelligence training and skills development. The researcher hoped to help further the professional training and development of a cadre of intelligence personnel within the Crime Intelligence component of Kwa-Zulu Natal who will display the necessary confidence and authority in meeting and addressing the challenges of organised Crime. In addition the researcher aimed to provide the Division of Crime Intelligence with a model that can be implemented for future training and development initiatives. The literature review was conducted focusing on factors impacting on the training and development of intelligence operatives within the Crime Intelligence Division. In addition an extensive study on strategies implemented within the corporate sectors in respect of training and development was carried out. A brief comparison of training carried out within the FBI and CIA was researched. However the information available was restricted due the issue of sensitivity. The presentation of the recommendations was guided from the findings of the literature review. The problem statement guided the research methodology process deemed necessary for the investigation of the training and development of Intelligence Operatives. The research study was based on the explorative research method to clearly understand the dilemma and challenges facing the management of Crime Intelligence. A quantitative analysis was conducted on 120 subjects whose core function is Crime Intelligence Gathering and who serve as Intelligence operatives within the Province of Kwa-Zulu Natal. A well structured questionnaire was found to be the most suitable method to collect the data that was essential to the study. In addition a focus group interview was carried out to obtain responses that will provide insight into the training and development of Intelligence operatives. The questions posed were similar to the ones posed on the questionnaire and the individuals involved in the focus group were excluded from the sample. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were made to assist the Management of Crime Intelligence with structured processes that can be utilised in the development of individuals whose core function is Crime intelligence Gathering. The recommendations were made on the basis of promoting a culture of proactive learning that ensures that individuals grow to meet the challenges that they are presently facing. Intelligence is a specialised discipline, thus the training initiatives need to provide specialist knowledge to ensure the effective and efficient means of intelligence gathering that is pertinent in addressing organised crime. A brief recommendation for further research studies was made to investigate the training and development of Intelligence operatives within Crime Intelligence operating within other Provinces. In addition recommendations were made in respect of the sample size and sampling technique that can be utilised for future studies. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the role of colonial police forces in anglophone Africa in the period between 1947 and 1964/5 when the transition from colonial dependencies to independent nation-states took place. The police are an important component of all modern states. It is argued in the thesis that the police formed one of the key foundation stones of the colonial state in Africa. The question of how to deal with colonial police forces in the post World War Two period severely tested policy makers both in Whitehall and in the individual territories. The related problems of the role of the military forces also arose. On the one hand, there was perceived to be a need sharply to increase the strength of the police, as well as to militarise them and radically to improve intelligence systems. This was as a result of what was seen as the growing threat of communism and because of civil disorders, usually inspired by nationalist sentiment, such as those in Accra in 1948. On the other hand, there was a desire to insulate the police from political interference with the advent of self-government in the various territories. As decolonisation proceeded, it was seen that the cherished 'Westminster Model' of government would fail if the police were not constitutionally safeguarded. It was thought that if urgent action was not taken, 'police states' would emerge throughout anglophone Africa after colonial rule was terminated. In the event successful policies were not readily forthcoming, and British administered territories did enter Independence without proper safeguards that might have regulated and controlled the position of the police. The legacy has been a devastating one for much of Africa.

Tracking and addressing police members' effectiveness in areas that could impact on the standard of their services are important. Burnout, job stress and ways to cope are specific focus areas in this regard. Previous research indicates relationships between burnout, job stress and coping while such relationships in the SAPS in the Free State have not yet been investigated. The objectives of this research were to determine the reliability and validity of the MBI-GS for SAPS members in the Free State, and secondly to determine the relationship between job stress and burnout, and thirdly to determine whether coping strategies can moderate or mediate the relationship between job stress and burnout A stratified random sample of 332 police personnel in the Free State was taken. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MI-GS), Police Stress Inventory (PSI) and the Cope Questionnaire (COPE) were used as measuring instruments. Cronbach alpha coefficients, inter-item correlation coefficients, Pearson-product correlation coefficients and canonical correlation coefficients were used to analyse the data. Structural equation modelling (SEM) methods were used to construct coping models of burnout. Structural equation modelling confirmed a 3-factor model of burnout. All three factors showed acceptable internal consistencies. Job stress was associated with exhaustion, which led to cynicism. Job stress was independently related to lower levels of professional efficacy. Active coping and seeking emotional support moderate the relationship between job stress and professional efficacy. Avoidance moderates the relationship between job stress and exhaustion and mediates the relationship between job stress and cynicism. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

As interest in and concerns about performance management systems continue to grow, scholars have increasingly suggested methods to better design and implement these systems in the public sector organizations, with the underlying assumption that they will help public organizations perform better. These suggestions include approaches to design and implement performance management activities, including target selection, indicator adoption, data collection and analysis, and reporting of results. These recommendations are available in the form of books and research articles that cover a wide variety of performance management systems and their respective usage settings. Scholars argue that by using their recommendations (termed as “recommended practices” from here onwards) in designing and implementing performance management systems, system designers and managers can improve organizational performance; a claim I intend to examine in this paper. There are scores of recommended practices spread out in the literature, which not only lack theoretical foundations, but also might be contradictory to each other. The results from this study suggest do not suggest a link between the recommended practices and police performance, as only the practices of using performance information and providing discretion to officers were found to be supporting the hypotheses for only one out of the eight crime categories. These two significant results might be attributed to chance alone. The results, hence, raise questions about the effectiveness of the recommended practices in improving organizational performance. Justification of the use of recommended practices, however, can still be traced to goal-setting theory.

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Every single person on earth is a road-user; and, although an integral part of our society, the management of traffic is a low priority for most. Authorities constantly work to lessen the tension between the free-flow of traffic and traffic safety. Consequently, the management of traffic and its subsequent problems has consumed more time, money and resources than any other item on the public agenda. Between 1890 and 1930, urban road-traffic in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, as in other world cities, underwent a revolution as speeds increased 500%. The motor-vehicle exacerbated existing traffic problems with increased trips and vehicle numbers. Authorities separated the various road users with road demarcations, and placed upon the Victoria Police the responsibility of managing the heterogeneous and complex traffic mix. By the close of the 1920s, all the components—policing, case and statute law, and the physical infrastructure—of the contemporary traffic management system were firmly in place. Introducing motor-transport into a centuries old road network designed for much slower modes of transport, was similar to putting high speed trains, capable of hundreds of kilometres an hour, onto conventional tracks. The marriage of old systems and new technology required a plethora of controls, procedures and safeguards to attain an acceptable level of traffic deaths. Nonetheless, no matter how many modifications, it persisted as a hybrid system. It could not be made to work efficiently.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 3, 2008). Directed by Saundra D. Westervelt; submitted to the Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-89).

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.