Thesis (Ph. D.)--University OF MICHIGAN.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University OF MICHIGAN. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University OF MICHIGAN.

Several final sewage effluents from the Denton Disposal Plant were demonstrated to contain Poliovirus types II and III. Pleated encapsulated filters at pH3.5 enhanced the recovery of the Poliovirus at a higher tier in comparison with nitrocellulose filter (Millipore) and glass fiber filter of pore size 0.45u. This thesis explores problems that face us today in our quest to eliminate viral pathogens from the natural and waste water needed for human, domestic, and industrial consumption. Preliminary experiments concern the use of immunofluorescence, and immunodiffusion techniques as a means of poliovirus identification, which invariably suggests that these techniques may be useful as rapid screening procedures of water samples for presence of potentially pathogenic viruses.

Conditional lethal mutants of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) were generated by treatment with the mutagen hydroxylamine. Temperature-sensitive mutants were selected by the replica plating technique at temperatures of 33°C (permissive) and 39°C (restrictive). New mutants were generated to achieve a larger population of mutants and also to generate additional RNA- mutants in this population. These mutants were characterized by two criteria: RNA synthesis and thermal stability. RNA synthesis is measured by the accumulation of labeled uridine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid (TCA) insoluble material. The thermal stability is determined by the difference in plaque forming units before and after treatment of the virion at 45°C. Complementation co-infections (5 MOI for each virus stock) were analyzed for the presence of the 150S virion particle of poliovirus after sedimentation through a linear sucrose gradient. Complementation is observed between RNA(+) mutants v.s. RNA(-) mutants, and between two RNA(-) mutants, but not between two RNA(+) mutants. Although reciprocal complementation has not been documented in this study some speculation on complementation is presented in this thesis.

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Medicine University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine / In this thesis are presented briefly the results of studies extending over the period 1955 to 1974. The use of vervet monkeys in South Africa for the production and testing of poliomyelitis vaccine made acquaintance with their viruses inevitable; and the subsequent introduction of the baboon as a laboratory animal of major importance also necessitates a knowledge of its viral flora. Since 1934 when Sabin and Wright described the B Virus which was recovered from a fatal human infection contracted as the result of a macaque monkey bite, numerous viral agents have been isolated from monkeys and baboons. In the United States of America, Dr. Robert N. Hull initiated the classification of simian viruses in an SV (for Simian Virus) series according to cytopathic effects as seen in unstained infected tissue cultures. In South Africa, viruses recovered from monkeys and baboons were designated numerically in an SA (for Simian Agent) series on the basis of cytopathic changes seen in stained preparations of infected cells. Integration of these two series is in progress. Simian viruses in South Africa have been recovered mainly through the inoculation of tissue cultures with material obtained by means of throat and rectal swabs, and also through the unmasking of latent agents present in kidney cells prepared as tissue cultures. Some evidence concerning viral activity has been derived from serological tests. In this thesis the classification of simian viruses later proposed by Dr. Hull in 1968 has been adopted. This Ill comprises five categories based on nucleic acid type and strandedness, and on' ether sensitivity. It has not been possible to provide conclusive proof for the inclusion of a number of South African viruses in the categories to which they have been assigned under this scheme, but the available evidence suffices to indicate that representatives of the five main categories occur in South Africa. Some viruses found in this country are recognized as prototype strains in the internationally recognized classification of simian viruses, and one vervet adenovirus has been widely distributed and studied for its oncogenic properties. The herpesvirus SA8 is sufficiently closely related to the dangerous B Virus of macaques to warrant extreme care in the handling of non-human primates. This virus has been recovered from baboons as well as vervet monkeys. It is becoming evident that viruses recovered from one species may eventually be found to be more common in another species. In South Africa much remains to be done in the field of simian virology, and in this thesis are indicated techniques which could be further exploited and expanded to increase our knowledge of this group of potentially dangerous viruses. / IT2017

Thesis--University of Chicago. / Bibliography: leaves 53-56.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Bibliography: leaves 142-145. / Ph.D.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-18T13:20:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 stephanie_treiber_ioc_mest_2013.pdf: 6914334 bytes, checksum: 0cf19665f70fde96b94e2b12de8d587f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Os poliovírus são responsáveis por causar a poliomielite, mais conhecida como paralisia infantil ou pólio, que já foi de alta incidência no Brasil e em muitos outros países, deixando centenas de indivíduos com sequelas paralíticas. Atualmente, esta doença é rara no mundo devido ao sucesso da utilização sistemática da vacina oral atenuada. Em 1988, a OMS lançou um programa para erradicar a pólio mundialmente e o desenvolvimento de antivirais contra poliovírus é considerado uma condição necessária para o sucesso deste programa. Neste trabalho, analisou-se a possível atividade antiviral de sete pseudopeptídeos derivados do ácido tartárico na replicação dos poliovírus em culturas celulares. Essas moléculas foram sintetizadas racionalmente de acordo com os alvos específicos virais (as proteases virais). A viabilidade celular foi avaliada através da incorporação do vermelho neutro pelas células vivas e posterior quantificação por espectrofotômero. A avaliação da atividade antiviral foi realizada através da observação do efeito citopático nas células infectadas por poliovírus que foram incubadas com diferentes concentrações dos compostos. Os compostos testados neste estudo apresentaram faixas de concentração não-tóxicas às células, mas não afetaram a replicação dos poliovírus, não apresentando, portanto, nenhuma atividade antiviral. De qualquer maneira, estudos sobre o potencial antiviral de moléculas candidatas é de extrema importância e devem ser estimulados, uma vez que atualmente, não existe nenhum composto antiviral contra poliovírus aprovado para uso em humanos / P oliovirus (PV) are the causative agent for causing poliomyelitis , better known as infantile paralysis or polio, a disease that has already been of high incidence in Brazil and many other countries, leaving hundreds of p eople with paralytic disabilit ies . Currently, this disease is rare in the world due to the success of systematic use of the attenuated oral vaccine. In 1988, the World Health Assembly launched a program to eradicate polio worldwide and the development of anti - poliovirus drugs is a necessary condition for the success of this program. In this study, we analyzed the possible antiviral activity of seven pseudopeptides derived from tartaric acid on the repli cation of poliovirus in cell cultures. These molecules have been synthesized according to a specific target , the viral protease s. Cell viability was assessed using neutral red incorporation by living cells and subsequent quantification by spectrophotometer . Evaluation of the antiviral activity was performed by observing the cytopathic effect in in PV - infected cells that were incubated with different concentrations of the compounds. The compounds tested in this study showed concentration ranges non - toxic to cells but did not affect the replication of poliovirus, not showing , thus, an antiviral activity. Either way, studies on p ot ential i nhibitors of PV are extremely important and should be encouraged, since currently there is no poliovirus antiviral compound approved for use in humans.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T03:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 191935.pdf: 429500 bytes, checksum: 0d6ca425ea42609de18160f27941049e (MD5) / Os produtos naturais constituem uma fonte inesgotável de compostos com atividades farmacológicas promissoras, incluindo ação antiviral. A Chromobacterium violaceum é uma bactéria Gram (-) encontrada em amostras de solo e água de regiões tropicais e subtropicais de diversos continentes. No Brasil, esta bactéria é amplamente distribuída no Rio Negro e no solo de bancos dos rios da região da Amazônia. A violaceína, o pigmento majoritário produzido por esta bactéria, apresenta várias atividades biológicas, tais como antibiótica, antitumoral, tripanossomicida e antifúngica. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a citotoxicidade, a genotoxicidade e a potencial atividade antiviral da violaceína. A citotoxicidade da violaceína, frente às células VERO, MA104, HEp-2 e FRhK-4, foi avaliada por três metodologias e as concentrações citotóxicas a 50% (CC50) obtidas foram diferentes de acordo com o método empregado: (I) avaliação microscópica das alterações morfológicas celulares: 2,29 ± 0,23 mM (VERO); 2,69 ±0,12 mM (MA104); 2,42 ± 0,22 mM (FRhK-4) e 2,78 ± 0,13 mM (HEp-2); (II) viabilidade celular - método de exclusão do corante azul de Trypan: 2,23 ± 0,06 mM (VERO); 2,54 ± 0,10 mM (MA104); 2,07 ± 0,05 mM (FRhK-4) e 2,70 ± 0,12 mM (HEp-2). e (III) viabilidade celular - ensaio colorimétrico do MTT: 2,96 ± 0,12 mM (VERO); 3,55± 0,22 mM (MA104); 3,14 ± 0,32 mM (FRhK-4) e 3,42 ± 0,05 mM (HEp-2). A violaceína não causou danos significativos ao DNA das células HEp-2 e MA104, nas concentrações testadas (0,19 - 1,5 mM), através do Ensaio do Cometa, quando comparados ao controle negativo (teste t-Student p>0,05); entretanto, apresentou ação genotóxica para as células VERO e FRhK-4, na concentração de 1,5 mM, quando comparada com o controle negativo (teste t-Student p<0,05). As demais concentrações (0,75; 0,37 e 0,19 mM) não causaram danos ao DNA celular e são estatisticamente semelhantes entre si (teste SNK p>0,05) e ao controle negativo (teste t-Student p>0,05). A potencial atividade antiviral da violaceína foi avaliada pelo método de inibição do efeito citopático viral e pelo ensaio do MTT. A violaceína não inibiu o efeito citopático do herpes vírus simplex humano tipo 1 (HSV-1): cepas 29-R, KOS e ATCC/VR-733, do poliovírus humano tipo 2 (PV-2), do rotavírus símio SA11 (RV), do vírus da hepatite A (HAV) cepas: HM-175 e HAF-203, e do adenovírus tipo 5 (AdV-5). As porcentagens de inibição da replicação dos diferentes vírus pela violaceína, obtidas através do ensaio do MTT, foram: 1,42 ± 0,68%; 14,48 ± 5,06% e 21,47 ± 3,74% para o HSV-1 cepa KOS; 5,96 ± 2,51%; 8,75 ± 3,08% e 17,75 ± 5,19%, para o HSV-1 cepa ATCC/VR-733; 5,13 ± 2,38 %; 8,18 ± 1,11% e 8,51 ± 1,94% para o PV-2 e 8,30 ± 4,24%; 13,33 ± 4,66% e 24,27 ± 2,18% para o RV, nas concentrações de 0,312; 0,625 e 1,250 mM, respectivamente. A violaceína não demonstrou ação inibitória da replicação do HSV-1 cepa 29-R, do HAV cepas HM-175 e HAF-203 e do AdV-5, através do ensaio do MTT.