This thesis reviews the system of governance of professional baseball in Taiwan, which has developed since its inception in 1990. The analysis undertaken reviews three case studies of major events in the baseball world in Taiwan to provide an insight into the principal interests and forces in the governance system. In theoretical terms the study employs and evaluates classical theories of the state, strategic relations theory and governance theory to describe, evaluate and explain the processes evident in the three cases. The study concludes that the governance system is characterised by a tension between mechanisms of 'modem' liberal politics, and 'traditional' forms of political clientelism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lenardao_e_dr_arafcl.pdf: 3665415 bytes, checksum: 1ec26a74d6164a8defac4ef538e2d630 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Faz-se, aqui, uma investigação sobre as razões da presença de práticas políticas do tipo clientelista entre setores das classes populares, no Brasil contemporâneo, com destaque para os anos 1990. Propõe-se valorizar as razões inscritas na própria conjuntura sóciopolítica que circunda o fenômeno, de modo que se vá além das explicações que se fiam nos aspectos histórico-culturais ou de viés economicista, exclusivamente. Para este propósito, recorre-se a fontes bibliográficas e a periódicos, dos quais tirou-se uma interpretação própria sobre o período. Constatou-se que as práticas clientelistas receberam estímulos para se manifestarem na organização política nacional, principalmente, na esfera federal, mas com reflexos efetivos nos estados e municípios, do fato de a coalizão de forças políticas formada para a implantação do projeto neoliberal no Brasil ter juntado a moderna Social Democracia Brasileira e as velhas oligarquias regionais - situadas dentro do PFL, PP, PTB e setores do PMDB, principalmente -, cujos representantes são reconhecidos pelo apego às práticas de recorte patrimonialista e paternalista. / A survey is carried out on the reasons for the presence of political practices such as clientelism among sectors of popular classes in contemporary Brazil, with an emphasis on the 1990s. Our purpose is to value the reasons that are proper of the social-political situation that surrounds the phenomenon, in such a way that one can go beyond explanations, which are based exclusively on historical-cultural aspects or economy bias. In order to do so, some bibliographical sources and periodicals were used, from which a proper interpretation was taken about that period. It was observed that the clientelistic practices were stimulated to manifest themselves in the national political organization, mainly in the federal scope, but with effective reflections in the States and cities, due to the fact that, the coalition of political forces formed for the implementation of the neo-liberal project in Brazil, has joined the modern Brazilian Social Democracy and the old regional oligarchy - located mainly within the political parties PFL (Liberal Front Party), PP (Progressionist Party), PTB (Brazilian Labor Party) and sectors of PMDB (Brazilian Democratic Movement Party), whose representatives are well-known for their patrimonial and paternalist practices.

Orientador: José Flávio Bertero / Banca: Ângelo Del Vechio / Banca: José Antonio Segatto / Banca: Ruben Murilo Leão Rego / Banca: Pedro Roberto Ferreira / Resumo: Faz-se, aqui, uma investigação sobre as razões da presença de práticas políticas do tipo clientelista entre setores das classes populares, no Brasil contemporâneo, com destaque para os anos 1990. Propõe-se valorizar as razões inscritas na própria conjuntura sóciopolítica que circunda o fenômeno, de modo que se vá além das explicações que se fiam nos aspectos histórico-culturais ou de viés economicista, exclusivamente. Para este propósito, recorre-se a fontes bibliográficas e a periódicos, dos quais tirou-se uma interpretação própria sobre o período. Constatou-se que as práticas clientelistas receberam estímulos para se manifestarem na organização política nacional, principalmente, na esfera federal, mas com reflexos efetivos nos estados e municípios, do fato de a coalizão de forças políticas formada para a implantação do projeto neoliberal no Brasil ter juntado a moderna Social Democracia Brasileira e as velhas oligarquias regionais - situadas dentro do PFL, PP, PTB e setores do PMDB, principalmente -, cujos representantes são reconhecidos pelo apego às práticas de recorte patrimonialista e paternalista. / Abstract: A survey is carried out on the reasons for the presence of political practices such as clientelism among sectors of popular classes in contemporary Brazil, with an emphasis on the 1990s. Our purpose is to value the reasons that are proper of the social-political situation that surrounds the phenomenon, in such a way that one can go beyond explanations, which are based exclusively on historical-cultural aspects or economy bias. In order to do so, some bibliographical sources and periodicals were used, from which a proper interpretation was taken about that period. It was observed that the clientelistic practices were stimulated to manifest themselves in the national political organization, mainly in the federal scope, but with effective reflections in the States and cities, due to the fact that, the coalition of political forces formed for the implementation of the neo-liberal project in Brazil, has joined the "modern" Brazilian Social Democracy and the "old" regional oligarchy - located mainly within the political parties PFL (Liberal Front Party), PP (Progressionist Party), PTB (Brazilian Labor Party) and sectors of PMDB (Brazilian Democratic Movement Party), whose representatives are well-known for their patrimonial and paternalist practices. / Doutor

This thesis explores the relations between democracy and decentralization in Venezuela during the period from 1989 to 2000. In particular it explores the emergence of political decentralization as the spatial distribution of power and its links with the process of democratization within political spaces. The spatial distribution of power has impacts upon both political institutions and civil society. This is where its central importance lies. Because of this, the framework of ideas underlying the thesis is followed within a methodologicalf ocus that emphasizesb oth the potency of the spatial, as a guiding element of politics and the political, and the local scale and the political practice of individuals. The backgroundt o the study is establishedth rough an explorationo f territoriality and the spatiality of power in Venezuela during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This is followed by an analysis of the centralist form of the state and the state reforms which were promoted at the end of the 1980s and which gave rise to the political decentralization of 1989 at the level of states and municipalities. The main period of study (1989-2000) is divided into three stages according to the dynamics of the process of democratization itself. Finally, the changes occurring at the local level through the application of decentralization are analyzed through a case study at the level of the municipality and of the parish: the Libertador municipality of the state of Mdrida and the parish of J. J. Osuna Rodriguez. The specific local examples explored in the thesis allow highlighted the ways in which clientelism can be associated with the vertical structures of power that have predominated in Latin America. Nevertheless, whilst its importance has been highlighted here through an understanding of the process of democratisation on the South American continent, it is interesting to note that it is not often explicitly considered as another mode of power in western political theory.

Cette recherche étudie le passage d’une confrérie soufie au politique, avec pour exemple la Kasnazâniyya au Kurdistan d’Irak (1979-2014). Elle tente de saisir et d’analyser, dans le contexte irakien, les éléments de conjoncture qui ont conduit d’abord à la politisation de la confrérie comme une étape de « prédisposition », ensuite à son passage direct au politique. Dans une perspective historique, cette recherche vise à comprendre les racines du phénomène de l’implication des cheikhs et des confréries en politique au Kurdistan dès le 19e siècle. Cette démarche s’impose en effet pour déchiffrer les caractéristiques originelles du phénomène et les examiner ensuite à travers le cas de la Kasnazâniyya. Du point de vue de la politisation de la confrérie, nous étudions dans un premier temps au cours de l’histoire récente de la confrérie son impact socio-politique tout en examinant sa doctrine, ses branches, les modalités de succession au pouvoir de son cheikh, et l’impact de ce dernier sur l’orientation de la confrérie. Puis nous traitons dans un deuxième temps du phénomène de « rationalisation », à partir de la question de l’organisation et de la « bureaucratisation » de la confrérie. Du point de vue de l’articulation entre la Kasnazâniyya et le politique, nous étudions d’abord le phénomène des rapports de « clientélisme politique », puis analysons le parti politique créé par la confrérie dans son histoire, ses idées, son mode d’organisation et ses stratégies sociales, politiques et électorales pour parvenir au pouvoir. / In this research we study the transition of a Sufi order to the political field, taking as example the Kasnazâniyya in Iraqi Kurdistan (1979-2014). We first try to capture and analyse, in the Iraqi context, the elements that led first to the politicisation of the order to reach a stage of “predisposition”, then to its direct transition to the political field. In a historical perspective, this research looks at understanding the roots of the phenomenon of the shaykhs’ involvement in politics in Kurdistan from as soon as the 19th century. Such an approach is indeed necessary if we are to decipher the original characteristics of the phenomenon and then look into them through the case of the Kasnazâniyya. Concerning the politicisation of the order, we first study during its recent history its social and political imprint while looking at its doctrine, its branches, the handling of the succession of its shaykh to power, and the impact of the latter onto the orientation of the order. Then in a second stage we look at the phenomenon of “rationalisation” of the order, starting from the question of its organisation and bureaucratisation. Concerning the articulation between the Kasnazâniyya and the political field, we first study the phenomenon of “political clientelism” then analyse the political party created by the order through its history, its ideas, its organisation and social, political and electoral strategies to attain power.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClidenorBSF_DISSERT.pdf: 414431 bytes, checksum: 9d70a6bf3c1b428bf9218a18430167ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The reality experienced by many families and individuals who seek and require the services of the Unified Health System - SUS, the relationships between users, health professionals, and political representatives, establishes the core of the issue that guides the choice and interest of this study concerning the prominence of clientelist practices and gifts that permeate the health field. The research is based on the analysis and reflection of the intrinsic relationship between the health and political fields. It analyses the health field and its relationship with the dynamics and developments of the local political scenario relating it to the implementation of the Family Health Program and Community Health Agents Program (PACS/PSF health programs) in the city of Mossor?, State of Rio Grande do Norte which refers to the period 1991-2010; and falls into a methodological perspective of qualitative approach. The methodological tools and techniques used were based on semi-structured interviews, direct observation of the field, journalistic texts and documentary sources. The construction and questioning of the object of the research were based on theoretical contributions from authors discussing the social field and symbolic power: Bourdieu (2005); clientelist relationships and gifts from asymmetric exchanges: Rouland (1997), Lanna (1995), Martins (1999), Carvalho (1999), Diniz (1982); exercise of hegemony and political strategy from authors who analyse this subject: Gramsci (1995), Coutinho (1981), and Gruppi (1978). Furthermore, the research has established dialogues with authors who address the dynamics of Brazilian politics such as Baquero (2001) and Weffort (1993). The collected data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The results showed that with the implementation of the PACS/PSF programs in the aforementioned city, the health field has established itself as a key scenario for the exercise of political hegemony of the factions that dominate this socio-political context, resizing clientelist practices, however, without modifying the power structures within this social scenario / A realidade vivenciada por in?meras fam?lias e indiv?duos que buscam e necessitam dos servi?os do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de SUS, as rela??es entre usu?rios, profissionais de sa?de, e representantes pol?ticos, instituem o cerne da problem?tica que norteia ? escolha e o interesse deste estudo sobre a proemin?ncia das pr?ticas clientelistas e d?divas que permeiam o campo da sa?de. A pesquisa se pauta na an?lise e reflex?o da rela??o intr?nseca entre o campo da sa?de e o campo pol?tico. Analisa o campo da sa?de e sua rela??o com a din?mica e os desdobramentos do cen?rio pol?tico local relacionando-o a implanta??o dos programas de sa?de PACS/PSF no munic?pio de Mossor?-RN que remete ao per?odo entre 1991-2010. Inscreve-se em uma perspectiva metodol?gica de abordagem qualitativa. Os instrumentos metodol?gicos e t?cnicas utilizadas pautaram-se em entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observa??o direta do campo, textos jornal?sticos e fontes documentais. A constru??o e problematiza??o do objeto da pesquisa fundamentou-se em aportes te?ricos de autores que discutem o campo social e poder simb?lico: Bourdieu (2005); rela??es clientelistas e d?divas a partir de trocas assim?tricas: Rouland (1997), Lanna (1995), Martins (1999), Carvalho (1999), Diniz (1982); exerc?cio da hegemonia e estrat?gia pol?tica em autores que analisam essa tem?tica: Gramsci (1995), Coutinho (1981) e Gruppi (1978). Ademais, a pesquisa estabeleceu di?logos com autores que versam sobre a din?mica da pol?tica brasileira como Baquero (2001) e Weffort (1993). Os dados coletados foram submetidos a uma an?lise qualitativa de conte?do. Os resultados evidenciaram que com a implanta??o dos programas PACS/PSF no munic?pio supracitado o campo da sa?de consolidou-se como um cen?rio essencial para o exerc?cio da hegemonia pol?tica das fac??es que dominam esse contexto sociopol?tico, redimensionando as pr?ticas clientelistas, entretanto, sem modificar as estruturas de poder no ?mbito deste cen?rio social