This thesis titled The Media Images of Political Leaders - 2010 Elections focuses on descriptions and depictions of Czech political leaders, Vojtěch Filip, Jiří Paroubek, Petr Nečas, Radek John and Karel Schwarzenberg in printed press. The thesis contains an introduction of the leaders and the parties which they led during the 2010 parliamentary elections. The thesis shows the differing images of the leaders in various media. It contains a quantitative content analysis of MF Dnes, Lidové noviny, Hospodářské noviny, Právo and Blesk daily newspapers in the pre-election period between 1 April and 27 May 2010, examining the frequency of informing about the leaders, differences in their presentation and attention given to each of them. The content and tone of individual articles has been examined as well. The thesis also analyses the ratios between informing about the individual leaders and other topics in each newspaper. The theoretical concept of the thesis is media communication in relation to politics. Political communication is examined from the view of the theory of political parallelism and the influence of media on politics.

L’avènement de la démocratie de type libérale a entraîné un reconditionnement des mythes et images du leader politique, en Roumanie. Les événements de 1989 ont entraîné un besoin endémique de créer une nouvelle scène et un véritable imagier des figures politiques roumaines. Cependant, la communication des leaders politiques postcommunistes est soumise à l’héritage de leur passé communiste et des traces laissée par Nicolae Ceausescu dans l’imaginaire collectif. Tributaire de ce lourd héritage, les leaders politiques roumains répondent à un mécanisme qui semble contradictoire au premier abord : ces leaders construisent le terrain politique de la Roumanie contemporaine en même temps qu’ils se construisent eux-mêmes. En cela, ils sont le produit d’une société dont ils semblent être, eux-mêmes, les architectes. Cette double participation à la vie du pays rend donc le cas des leaders politiques roumain très particulier. Toutefois, l’instrumentalisation des mythes et des images permet aux représentants politiques de forger l’archétype du leader démocrate roumain et contribuent à la construction d’un espace politique stable en Europe Centrale et Orientale. / In Romania, the rise of democracy has contributed to modifying political leaders’ myths and images. The 1989 events have led to the vital necessity of creating both a new political landscape and a new set of images attached to political leaders. However, political communication has been influenced and shaped by the Communist past of the current political leaders as well as by the image of Nicolae Ceausescu in collective memory. At first sight, such a heavy legacy seems to have had a contradictory influence on political leaders who have been constructing themselves while building Romania’s contemporary political area. They are both the products and architects of Romanian society. This dual involvement in the country’s life has placed them in a very complex situation. However, the instrumentation of myths and images has given them the possibility not only of building the archetype of Romania’s democratic leaders but also of creating a steady political environment in Central and Oriental Europe.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vivian de Mello Martins Mestriner.pdf: 1427276 bytes, checksum: 91455c035c6c488f6ad0367a033bc067 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-19 / This research aims to identify and analyze linguistic and conceptual metaphors in presidential speeches of Lula and Bush. To this end, we sought theoretical support in Corpus Linguistics (CL), which deals with the collection and use of corpora, or sets of linguistic textual data carefully collected, with the purpose of searching for a language or language variety. As such, the CL is dedicated to the exploration of language by means of empirical evidence, extracted by computer (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004:03). Besides the Corpus Linguistics, this study is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory postulated by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and the approach of metaphors in Cameron (2003), on the premise that both views of metaphor are complementary, considering that the conceptual metaphor is investigated through cognition and metaphor in use by means of expressions that occur in language. One of the contributions of this work is showing how metaphors in corpora can be identified with computer help. The identification of metaphor presents several challenges for Corpus Linguistics as it depends on human trial; at the same time, CL has been criticized for not making the connection between thought and language. However, contemporary theory of metaphor have shown the relationship between the systematic use of verifiable language corpora and cognition (LAKOFF & JOHNSON, 1980). As material for analysis were selected speeches of Presidents Bush and Lula, the first due to his recent political leadership of the largest global economic power, and the second for having been leader of a country on the run to development Brazil. Although the two presidents defend quite different policy options, they share some similarities as both have had difficulties to take the second term: Lula with the fame of corruption in his government, Bush with the Iraq war. Written and spoken on-line statements and speeches have been gathered covering the first five-year mandate of both presidents, totaling 868 speeches by Lula and 819 by Bush. The program Metaphor Identifier with free availability at CEPRIL (LESS) was used to search for words with metaphorical probability. Next, the correlation of these candidates was raised through the Concord program (WordSmith Tools, version 3.0) to attest possible methaphorical use. Finally, upon identification of the linguistic and conceptual metaphors, speeches of the two presidents were contrasted seeking to understand how metaphors shape such speeches / Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar e analisar metáforas linguísticas e conceptuais nos discursos presidenciais de Lula e Bush. Para tanto, buscou-se suporte teórico na Linguística de Corpus (LC), que se ocupa da coleta e exploração de corpora, ou conjuntos de dados linguísticos textuais coletados criteriosamente, com o propósito de servirem para pesquisa de uma língua ou variedade linguística. Como tal, a LC dedica-se à exploração da linguagem por meio de evidências empíricas, extraídas por computador (BERBER SARDINHA, 2004:03). Além da Linguística de Corpus, este estudo fundamenta-se na teoria da Metáfora Conceptual postulada por Lakoff e Johnson (1980) e na abordagem da Metáfora no Discurso (CAMERON, 2003), partindo da premissa de que ambas as visões de metáfora se complementam, tendo em vista que a metáfora conceptual investiga as metáforas por meio da cognição e a metáfora em uso por meio de expressões que ocorrem na linguagem. Uma das contribuições deste trabalho é mostrar como metáforas em corpora podem ser identificadas com o auxílio do computador. A identificação de metáforas apresenta vários desafios para a Linguística de Corpus, pois depende do julgamento humano; ao mesmo tempo, a LC tem sido criticada por não fazer a ligação entre pensamento e linguagem. No entanto, teoria contemporânea de metáfora têm mostrado a relação entre o uso sistemático da língua verificável em corpora e a cognição (LAKOFF & JOHNSON, 1980). Como material para a análise, foram selecionados os discursos dos presidentes Bush e Lula, o primeiro por tratar-se de recente líder político da maior potência econômica mundial, e o segundo por ser líder de um país em franca ascensão e desenvolvimento, como é o caso do Brasil. Embora os dois presidentes apresentem opções políticas bastante diferentes, são comparáveis no sentido de que ambos passaram por dificuldades para assumir o segundo mandato: Lula com a fama da corrupção em seu governo, e Bush com a guerra no Iraque. Partindo daí, foram coletados pronunciamentos e discursos escritos e falados (on-line) dos cinco primeiros anos de mandato de ambos os presidentes, sendo 868 pronunciamentos de Lula e 819 de Bush. O programa Identificador de Metáforas, disponível gratuitamente no CEPRIL (LAEL), foi utilizado na busca de palavras com probabilidade metafórica; em seguida, foram levantadas as concordâncias desses candidatos por meio da ferramenta Concord do programa WordSmith Tools (versão 3.0) para atestar o uso metafórico. Por fim, identificadas as metáforas linguísticas e conceptuais, contrastaram-se os resultados auferidos nos discursos dos dois presidentes buscando entender como as metáforas configuram tais discursos

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar las percepciones que genera el liderazgo generativo de la figura del alcalde distrital en el Perú, más específicamente en los vecinos del distrito de Pueblo Libre, lo cual se realizará mediante entrevistas a los líderes vecinales que residen en él, teniendo como diseño la teoría fundamentada debido a que permite la identificación de procesos sociales desde el punto de vista central de la teoría, aportando en el campo de la investigación académica en el contexto nacional. Diversos investigadores afirman que los líderes políticos están cambiando su estilo de gobernar a un nuevo estilo de liderazgo, etiquetándolo como “liderazgo generativo”. Estos estudios apoyan la idea que existe una relación de correspondencia entre este tipo de liderazgo y una percepción vecinal positiva. / The objective of this work is to identify and analyze the perceptions generated by the generative leadership of the figure of the district mayor in Peru, more specifically in the residents of the Pueblo Libre district, which will be carried out through interviews with the neighborhood leaders who reside in he, having as design the grounded theory because it allows the identification of social processes from the central point of view of the theory, contributing in the field of academic research in the national context. Various researchers claim that political leaders are changing their style of governing to a new style of leadership, labeling it as "generative leadership." These studies support the idea that there is a correspondence relationship between this type of leadership and a positive neighborhood perception. / Trabajo de investigación

В настоящей работе на основании отечественных и зарубежных исследований раскрыты понятия «имидж», «индивидуальный имидж», «политический имидж», а также особенности и технологии их формирования. Охарактеризовано понятие «международная напряженность», а также общее влияние международной напряженности на имидж политического лидера страны, продемонстрированы возможные причины ее возникновения. Определив теоретико-методологические основания исследования, автор провел анализ специфики формирования имиджа политического лидера в условиях международной напряженности на конкретных примерах – имиджей Ангелы Меркель и Виктора Орбана в условиях европейского миграционного кризиса. Методом экспертного интервью было изучено мнение экспертов об особенностях и технологиях управления имиджем политического лидера в период международной напряженности. Метод контент-анализа СМИ, который также использовался в работе, помог выявить роль СМИ в управлении имиджем политического лидера в условиях международной напряженности, а также специфику работы с ними в контексте данной задачи. По результатам научного исследования была разработана модель управления имиджем политического лидера в условиях международной напряженности, состоящая из следующих элементов: факторы (в том числе специфические - связанные с международной напряженностью), влияющие на имидж политического лидера; эффективные методы, технологии и инструменты управления имиджем политического лидера; коммуникационный аспект в использовании выбранных методов, технологий и инструментов. / This paper, on the basis of domestic and foreign studies, reveals the concepts of "image", "individual image", "political image", as well as features and technologies of their formation. Also in the thesis the concept of "international tension" is characterized, as well as the general impact of international tension on the image of the political leader of the country, the possible causes of its occurrence are demonstrated. Having determined the theoretical and methodological basis of the study, the author analyzed the specifics of the formation of the image of a political leader in the conditions of international tension on specific examples – the images of Angela Merkel and Viktor Orban at the period of European migration crisis. The experts' opinion on the features and technologies of managing the image of a political leader in a period of international tension was studied by the method of expert interview. The method of content analysis of the media, which was also used in the work, helped to identify the role of the media in managing the image of a political leader in conditions of international tension, as well as the specifics of its use in the context of this task. According to the results of research a model to manage the image of the political leader in times of international tension was developed. From the author’s viewpoint, it should consist of the following elements: the factors (including the specific ones, appearing only under conditions of the international tension) that affect the image of the political leader; effective methods, techniques and tools of management of the image of the political leader; the communication aspect of use of the selected methods, techniques and tools.