Nos últimos anos, a irradiação por micro-ondas tem sido cada vez mais usada na síntese de varias moléculas orgânicas, devido a uma série de vantagens que essa nova tecnologia apresenta. Até o momento, existem poucos estudos sobre polimerizações assistidas por micro-ondas e menos ainda sobre a modificação de polímeros usando essa nova fonte de energia. Polímeros heterocíclicos contendo anéis azóicos, como o tetrazol possuem interesse acadêmico e comercial devido as suas várias aplicações. Nesta Dissertação foi estuda a modificação química da poliacrilonitrila pela incorporação em sua cadeia polimérica de 10% de grupos tetrazol empregando-se a irradiação de micro-ondas e o método convencional (térmico). Foram utilizados um forno de micro-ondas doméstico e um reator de micro-ondas monomodo nas reações assistidas por micro-ondas. As reações em reator foram realizadas em vaso aberto, em solução (DMF) ou em massa, sendo variado o tempo e a temperatura reacional, bem como a potência do equipamento. Os copolímeros produzidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e os teores de grupos tetrazol incorporados na PAN foram determinados por titulometria de neutralização. A poliacrilonitrila foi modificada quimicamente com sucesso tanto no forno doméstico quanto no reator de micro-ondas, como foi verificado pela sua análise de FTIR. Pela determinação do grau de incorporação de grupos tetrazol nos polímeros concluiu-se que, para a reação em solução, nas temperaturas mais elevas, bem como em uma potência maior, o teor de heterocíclico incorporado no polímero está muito próximo do valor obtido pelo método convencional. Já as reações conduzidas em massa apresentaram graus de incorporação inferiores as das feitas em solução. / In recent years, microwave irradiation has been increasingly used in the synthesis of various organic molecules, due to a number of advantages that this technology presents. To date, few studies on polymerization assisted by microwave and even less about the modification of polymers using this new source of energy. Polymers containing heterocyclic ring azoles such as tetrazole have academic and commercial interest due to their various applications. This thesis has been studying the chemical modification of polyacrylonitrile by its incorporation into the polymer chain, 10% of tetrazole groups employing the irradiation of microwave and conventional method (thermal). We used a domestic microwave oven and a reactor monomode microwave to assisted reactions in the microwave. The reactions were performed in reactor open cup in solution (DMF) or in bulk, and varied the reaction time and temperature, and power equipment. The copolymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the concentrations of tetrazole groups incorporated into the PAN were determined by neutralization titration. The polyacrylonitrile was chemically modified with success both at home and in the oven microwave reactor, as verified by his analysis of FTIR. By determining the degree of incorporation of tetrazole groups in the polymers it was concluded that, for the reaction in solution at higher temperatures, as well as a higher power, the content of heterocyclic incorporated into the polymer is very close to the value obtained by the conventional method. The reactions were conducted in mass lower degree of incorporation of the solution made.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de duas misturas asfálticas preparadas com asfaltos diferentes, uma com asfalto convencional (CAP 20) e outra com asfalto modificado pela adição de polímeros (BETUFLEX B 80/60), à luz dos resultados de dois ensaios distintos, o ensaio Marshall e o ensaio de fluência por compressão uniaxial estática. O ensaio de fluência uniaxial estática consiste, numa forma indireta, para avaliar a resistência da mistura asfáltica à formação de trilha de roda ou à deformação permanente. Os resultados dos ensaios Marshall não permitiram concluir se houve melhora no desempenho das misturas asfálticas em função da adição de polímeros, com exceção de uma única propriedade, a estabilidade, que apresentou-se sempre maior para a mistura feita com asfalto convencional, independente do teor utilizado. Já com relação aos resultados dos ensaios de fluência por compressão uniaxial estática, pode-se concluir que há uma tendência de melhora no comportamento das misturas preparadas com asfalto modificado com polímero. / The aim of this work is to evaluate the behaviour of two asphaltic mixtures prepared with different kinds of asphalts, one with conventional asphalt (CAP 20) and the other one with modified asphalt by addition of polymers (BETUFLEX B 80/60), from the results of the two different tests, the Marshall test and the static creep test. The latter test allows to estimate the asphaltic mixture resistance against the formation of the rut depth or the permanent deformation. The results of the Marshall did not allow to conclude if there was improvement in the performance of the asphaltic mixtures due to the addition of polymers, excluding only one feature, the stability, that showed always greater to the mixture made with the conventional asphalt, independently of the content used. As far as the results from the static creep test are concerned, it is possible to conclude that there is a tendency of improvement in the behaviour of the mixtures prepared with asphalt modified with polymer.

Nos últimos anos, a irradiação por micro-ondas tem sido cada vez mais usada na síntese de varias moléculas orgânicas, devido a uma série de vantagens que essa nova tecnologia apresenta. Até o momento, existem poucos estudos sobre polimerizações assistidas por micro-ondas e menos ainda sobre a modificação de polímeros usando essa nova fonte de energia. Polímeros heterocíclicos contendo anéis azóicos, como o tetrazol possuem interesse acadêmico e comercial devido as suas várias aplicações. Nesta Dissertação foi estuda a modificação química da poliacrilonitrila pela incorporação em sua cadeia polimérica de 10% de grupos tetrazol empregando-se a irradiação de micro-ondas e o método convencional (térmico). Foram utilizados um forno de micro-ondas doméstico e um reator de micro-ondas monomodo nas reações assistidas por micro-ondas. As reações em reator foram realizadas em vaso aberto, em solução (DMF) ou em massa, sendo variado o tempo e a temperatura reacional, bem como a potência do equipamento. Os copolímeros produzidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e os teores de grupos tetrazol incorporados na PAN foram determinados por titulometria de neutralização. A poliacrilonitrila foi modificada quimicamente com sucesso tanto no forno doméstico quanto no reator de micro-ondas, como foi verificado pela sua análise de FTIR. Pela determinação do grau de incorporação de grupos tetrazol nos polímeros concluiu-se que, para a reação em solução, nas temperaturas mais elevas, bem como em uma potência maior, o teor de heterocíclico incorporado no polímero está muito próximo do valor obtido pelo método convencional. Já as reações conduzidas em massa apresentaram graus de incorporação inferiores as das feitas em solução. / In recent years, microwave irradiation has been increasingly used in the synthesis of various organic molecules, due to a number of advantages that this technology presents. To date, few studies on polymerization assisted by microwave and even less about the modification of polymers using this new source of energy. Polymers containing heterocyclic ring azoles such as tetrazole have academic and commercial interest due to their various applications. This thesis has been studying the chemical modification of polyacrylonitrile by its incorporation into the polymer chain, 10% of tetrazole groups employing the irradiation of microwave and conventional method (thermal). We used a domestic microwave oven and a reactor monomode microwave to assisted reactions in the microwave. The reactions were performed in reactor open cup in solution (DMF) or in bulk, and varied the reaction time and temperature, and power equipment. The copolymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the concentrations of tetrazole groups incorporated into the PAN were determined by neutralization titration. The polyacrylonitrile was chemically modified with success both at home and in the oven microwave reactor, as verified by his analysis of FTIR. By determining the degree of incorporation of tetrazole groups in the polymers it was concluded that, for the reaction in solution at higher temperatures, as well as a higher power, the content of heterocyclic incorporated into the polymer is very close to the value obtained by the conventional method. The reactions were conducted in mass lower degree of incorporation of the solution made.

O presente trabalho avalia as alterações de propriedades dos asfaltos pela modificação por polímero do tipo RET (Reactive Elastomeric Terpolymer) e de comportamento de misturas asfálticas densas usinadas com estes asfaltos modificados. Para atingir este objetivo, são apresentados os resultados do monitoramento realizado no trecho experimental executado na SP-330, Rodovia Anhanguera, que empregou este tipo de asfalto modificado e estudo que compreende a modificação de ligantes do tipo CAP20 e CAP40 com 1,0%, 1,5% e 2%, de polímero RET, com posterior dosagem de uma mistura na Faixa III do DERSA no teor considerado como o mais adequado. Para verificação das propriedades mecânicas desta mistura, foram realizados ensaios de Módulo se Resiliência, Resistência à Tração por Compressão Diametral e Resistência à Deformação Permanente em simulador do tipo LPC. / The present document presents the alterations of the properties of the polymer modified asphalts using the polymer RET (Reactive Elastomeric Terpolymer) and the behavior of dense asphaltic mixtures using these modified asphalts. To reach this objective, the monitoring results accomplished in the experimental tram executed in SP-330, Rodovia Anhanguera, that used this type of modified asphalt are presented. The study comprehends the modification of the CAP20 and CAP40 asphalts with 1,0%, 1,5% and 2,0% of RET polymer, with subsequent dosage of a mixture in the Grade III of DERSA applying the RET polymeric proportion considered more appropriate. For the verification of the mechanical properties of this mixtures, Resilience Module, Traction Resistance for Diametrical Compression and Permanent Deformation Resistance in a LPC type simulator were accomplished.

The aim of this paper is to summarize and evaluate properties of polymers modified modified mortar, their durability and the possibility of surface treatment. Recently, the requirements for additional surface treatment of architectonal concrete are increased and the application of polymer-modified mortar can accelerate and simplify the realization of visible concrete. Polymer-modified mortar with the addition of powder photocatalysts can significantly reduce and thus increase the availability of photoactive concrete structures. The experimental part deals with the addition of photocatalyst to the polymer-modified mortar and the subsequent assessment of the photocatalytic properties, the possibility of modification cement mortars with anorganic pigments and the application of transparent coatings for the enhancement of color saturation and resistance.

No description available.

In this thesis, a review is given on the most popular polymers used today for polymer modification of bitumen. Furthermore, the development of a model for phase separation in polymer modified bitumen (PMB) is proposed, that will enable a better control and understanding of PMB phase behaviour, allowing thus to enhanced long-term performance. PMB is hereby considered as a blend and focus is placed on its structure, its equilibrium thermodynamics and its phase separation dynamics. The effects of dynamic asymmetry on phase separation in PMB are analysed with related theories and some image data. Based on the discussion in this thesis, it is concluded that the effects of dynamic asymmetry between bitumen and polymer should be taken into consideration when studying phase separation in PMB. By analysing related literature and image data, it is found that some features of viscoelastic phase separation are shown during the phase separation process in some PMBs. It is therefore possible and useful to develop a viscoelastic model for PMB to describe its phase separation behaviour. In this, the stress-diffusion coupling is expected to play a key role in the model. Finally, recommendations are made towards the future research which is needed to realize the proposed model. / <p>QC 20150409</p>

No description available.

No description available.

The design and construction of roads with longer service lives is a priority of civil engineers. The selection of appropriate highway materials with respect to climatic and loading conditions may significantly increase the lifespan of pavements. One material receiving interest in the area of improved roadway performance is polymer-modified binder. The complex behavior of polymer-modified binders, particularly over time, is not yet well-understood by engineers. Therefore, an experimental study was performed to determine the effects of four years of storage at room temperatures (23°C) on the dynamic mechanical properties of polymer-modified binders at intermediate and high temperatures. A typical paving grade (AC-20) and three elastomeric modifiers, each at three concentrations were used. Initial tests were performed in 1995 to evaluate the effects of short-term aging as simulated by the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) procedure. This study encompasses a second phase of testing occurring after the modified binders were stored at ambient room temperature (23°C) for four years. The study found that significant changes affecting the dynamic response of binders occur during long term storage at a temperature of 23°C. These changes are dependent on the type and concentration of modifier and may be beneficial. Additionally, four mathematical models describing the dynamic response of binders were evaluated and found to be variable in their ability to accurately predict response of modified binders. Most of these models are not well suited for prediction of the response of stored binders. / Master of Science