This thesis deals with the polyphonic and argumentative functions of the French negation marker, ne, in editorial texts from the daily press. The concept ‘polyphony’ relates to the presence of multiple voices within one and the same utterance. According to this view, negation triggers a subdivision of an utterance in two points of view. Thus the sentence Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union can be divided in two points of view, the underlying ‘Sweden will be a part of the monetary union’, and the explicit ‘Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union’. First, I study the polyphonic structure of negative utterances, notably their division in two points of view, by taking into account their specific linguistic features. This is done so as to identify the relevant linguistic criteria that determine the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. The study demonstrates that contextual elements, including pragmatic connectors, presuppositions contrastive elements, and several other devices constitute the primary source of polyphonic markers. Negation is furthermore approached from a textual perspective. I explore how the two opposite points of view that are associated with negation form polyphonic sequences with other points of view carrying the same semantic content, and how these dynamic points of view are associated to the different discourse beings that are found in the newspaper article. I found that these sequences often embrace the central polemic theme of the article and, also, that the polyphonic function is not restricted to the negative utterance but constitutes an element that ensures textual and argumentative coherence. These two analyses are carried out within Jean-Claude Anscombre’s and Oswald Ducrot’s Theory of Structural Argumentation, which has recently been formalised by Kjersti Fløttum, Coco Norén and Henning Nølke. Finally in this thesis, I analyse the relation between the discourse beings associated with the negative utterance and real beings that exist outside the text, and then consider what rhetorical implications that correspondence or no correspondence has on the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. I also examine whether polyphonic negation can be considered to be a feature of newspaper editorials that identifies these texts as a genre. This study shows that the locuteur, the discourse being responsible for the enunciation of the negative utterance on a textual level, links to the real being, the editorial writer, who then refutes points of view associated to other discourse beings, often by use of nominalizations that refer to community voices. The locuteur also intrudes into an argument or claim, and refutes it in the name of a community or an authority. By defining genre, as does the media researcher Patrick Charaudeau, as a correspondence between the constraints imposed by the discursive situation and the constraints imposed by the discursive features, and by considering that one of the editorial’s constraints is to persuade its readers, this study shows that the phrasal negation ne in its polyphonic function, constitutes a distinguishing feature in the genre of editorials. The refutations that are made by an editor constitute a distinctive argumentative strategy since it permits the editorial writer to present external points of view in order to refute them and thereby impose his or her own, subjective point of view.

The thesis´ aim is to deepen the understanding about what shapes and characterises the purchase process for management advice services. Such externally, acquired services have increased substantially, and in relation to the services´ impact on management decisions the theoretical and practical understanding of the purchase process is lagging behind. The thesis´ analyses, interpretations and conclusions are founded on empirical data collected by use of focus groups, and based on activity theory. The findings show that the purchase process is influenced by many actors who see themselves as subject in the process. They have similar but also conflicting objects that they want to fulfil. The outcome of the purchase process is influenced by contradictory opinions among the actors about how to organize and supervise the process. The main contradictions are influenced by the actors´ different objects and how they interpret the context of the purchase process. The context is shaped by such as leadership style, social rules regarding management of change and opinions about division of labour in the purchase process. The impression of the purchase process´s character is that commonly used supply chain models do not work as a characterization. The purchase process´s phases do not follow on each other and the glue that links the phases is not a rational procedure following one, firm route. The findings show that procurement, integration and follow-up phases overlap, are concurrent and integrated in each other. The purchase process reproduces the execution of polyphonic music in which different voices, each with its own melody, create a rich texture of sounds. In a similar way the purchase process is coined by actors who bring their own objects and competence into the process. It produces dissonance, as in polyphonic music. It mirrors the services character of competence development and shapes the purchase process as polyphonic rather than a rational, step by step process.

The purpose of this thesis was to make available for performance and study an edition of the twenty-two secular songs published in this collection by Johann Jacob Löwe and Julius Johann Weiland in 1657. The thesis contains twenty-two secular songs for one, two, or three voices with continuo accompaniment and ritornellos for one or two violins, and/or viola, as well as translations of Lowe's preface and dedication and a poem to Lower and Weiland by Heinrich Schaffer. The work contains three chapters, the first covering Lowe's life and work and association with Weiland, the second the state of German secular song in 16050, and the third a critical commentary on the editing of the songs. Editorial corrections are included.

No description available.

Kidrish Fields, a pastoral fantasy, is scored for seven flutes, vibraphone, and cello. The duration of the work is eighteen minutes. The 62 pages which precede the musical score present a discussion and an analysis of the composition. The purpose of this project was to provide the composer an opportunity to apply polyphonic writing techniques within a score orchestrated for an ensemble of like instruments.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:10:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1 / Nenhuma / Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar que imagens da Instituição e do destinatário podem ser apreendidas em slogans de três campanhas publicitárias da Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, situada na Grande Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. A proposta teórica fundamenta-se na enunciação, enfatizando a concepção polifônica de Ducrot que, aliada a conceitos oriundos da análise de discurso de Pêcheux, permite descrever os fatos de língua, perceptíveis no fio do discurso, e desenvolver a compreensão dos efeitos de sentido, produzidos pelo cruzamento entre o intradiscurso e o interdiscurso que se faz presente na seqüência lingüística, através do trabalho da memória. A análise compreende dois níveis. No primeiro, fazemos a descrição das marcas lingüísticas, que permitem identificar o locutor e os enunciadores com seus pontos de vista, estruturados no jogo polifônico da enunciação. No segundo, empreendemos a interpretação dos efeitos de sentido que se instituem no ponto de encontro entre a rede de sentidos impl / This study intends to identify which images of the Institution and of the addressee can be noticiable from the slogans of three advertising campaings of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, located at the Metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. It is based on the enunciation, emphasizing the polyphonic conception of Ducrot and the concepts of Pêcheux’s discourse analysis. This theoretic base allows to describe the facts of the language that are perceivable in the thread of the speech and it also allows to develop the comprehension of the sense effects that are taken by the intersection of the intradiscourse and the interdiscourse that is present in the linguistics sequency, throught memory action. The analysis includes two levels. First, the linguistics tracks, which allows to identify the speaker, and the announcer with their point of views structured in the polyphonic game of enunciation are described. Secondly, the sense effects that are established at the meeting point among the sense

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Music. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29575

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-166).

Choro vadovo darbo profesionalumą atspindi tinkamas mokymo metodų parinkimas, mokėjimas juos derinti su menine, muzikine veikla ir tuo būdu pasiekti norimų ugdymo rezultatų. Todėl ugdant daugiabalsį dainavimą jaunių chore būtinas kryptingas bei sistemingas vadovo darbas. Paskelbti Lietuvoje tyrimai, dainavimo problematiką analizuojantys metodiniai leidiniai bei straipsniai iš esmės nesuformuluoja išsamaus ir esminio daugiabalsumo ugdymo metodų taikymo chore galimybių. Nefiksuojama, kokie pagrindiniai būdai turėtų būti taikomi šiam tikslui pasiekti. Vadovaujant jaunių chorui, tokia literatūra, kurioje nurodomi daugiabalsumo lavinimo pratimai be metodinių paaiškinimų, pedagoginiame darbe sukelia tik painiavos, o ne rezultatyvumo. / The managerial professionalism of the choir leader is reflected by the selection of appropriate teaching methods, the ability of combining them with the artistic and musical activities and thereby achieving the desired educational outcomes. Therefore, training polyphonic singing in the youth choir requires a systematic and purposeful leadership. Researches published in Lithuania, methodical publications and articles, analyzing singing problems practically do not formulate the opportunities of complete and essential polyphonic training techniques of the choir.

The aim of this thesis is to design and develop a polyphonic reanalysis instrument for analysis of school cultures, as a part of the efforts to understand and develop schools as organizations. The purpose of the new instrument is to achieve an extended possibility to highlight the values and motives underlying a school´s everyday work from the actors´ micro-oriented perspective. The concept of school culture refers to Gunnar Berg and his school development strategy of scope for action, which in turn can be understood as an empirically grounded development of Gerhard Arfwedson´s concept of school codex.  The new instrument is intended to complement these two existing and long-established analytical instruments. School development is an ambiguous concept, open to different explanation and interpretation, depending on the choice of perspectives and approaches. Christopher Hodgkinson emphasizes the difficulty in conceptualizing a discussion of the motives and values held by members of an organization. It is all about subjective concepts, the meanings of which vary, depending on the situation and the context in which they are observed. A central issue in organizations is how to reconcile the organization’s nomothetic and idiographic aspirations and structures. In school organizations the problem can be understood as the dialectical interaction between institutional and organizational values. In order to provide the kind of empirical knowledge of school development that is called for, an analytical tool is required that can capture both individual and organizational and institutional aspects of the school's everyday work. My empirical evidence is drawn from cultural analysis of schools in three municipalities and municipal districts. In the reanalysis, the emerging common features were lack of continuity in school leadership and the expectations of school leaders as educational leaders to participate more actively in the everyday work. The frequent changes of directors, was by many perceived as an inhibiting and counterproductive obstacle to sustainable school improvement. The results also showed significant differences in the schools' organizational structures of formal and informal decision-making. Knowledge of the underlying patterns that affect the school's everyday work can probably be used to make the organization more transparent and malleable. The dialectical interplay between the organization and its nomothetic-idiographic aspirations differs from school to school. The driving forces in the members’ collective action clarify the relationship between the organization and its members' goals. In-depth knowledge of actors' behavior and attitudes in the context of this interaction increases the possibility of real school development on pedagogical terms to the pupils' benefit. In conclusion: The polyphonic culture assay is still an underdeveloped area. Access to the polyphonic school culture will hopefully be the starting-point for the challenge to increase new and exciting empirical knowledge of the daily work at school.