This diploma thesis deals with the design of an audit system with which it will be possible to detect security gaps in a computer network. Detection will take place on the basis of checking predefined ports and services running on them. Based on the output of the audit system, possible measures and rules necessary to correct security gaps will be proposed. The system itself will be designed to ensure its easy implementation for any customer.

This dissertation introduces three different topics on waterborne transportation. River transportation is a very important alternative for freight shipments in some countries. A significant portion of United States agricultural commodities transported via river barges. The lower portion of the Missouri River has been channelized to support barge traffic. Barge traffic has been used to move agricultural commodities to the Gulf of Mexico through Mississippi River to be exported overseas. Missouri River faced some weather issues such as drought in some years and flooding in others. Alternative transportation modes are important during the post-harvest period when the river has low-flow. The results showed a positive cost to agricultural freight in three years of a five years in dry period. In the other two years rail rates were estimated to be lower than barge rates. The second topic is using maritime distance to measure trade costs in agriculture. Maritime transportation holds an important position among other transportation means because it has some characteristics that others do not. Maritime shipping is critical to international trade because of the advantages that ships have by carry huge amounts of cargo for long distances. The impact of port-to-port maritime distance on US international trade to Europe and North and South America was tested. Unexpectedly result shows that trade increases with maritime distance. This impact decreases when the geographical distance is higher than the maritime distance. The third paper measures the efficiency and productivity of major Middle East container ports. Ports considered the main node to link the trading partners. The results indicate that eight ports out of 21 ports have low productivity. / Saudi Arabia Cultural Mission, USA / King Abdulaziz University / Faculty of Maritime Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

The thesis is dealing with data transmission over the electric network. It describes PLC technology, its properties, and elements used in this type of network. The important part of this thesis is discussion over the mathematical model of distribution network with two-port cascades. Transmission functions created according to mathematical model were compared with each other. Thesis was concluded with observation of the impact of interconnected parts on transmission function of designed branched conductor. Final results were processed by Matlab and compared with each other.

This master´s thesis describes about automated measurements of two – ports of frequency, time and DC area. Gradually, there is elaborated several theoretical foundations dealing with this issue. For example, different types of buses, available programs and general theory of two – ports circuits. Also a method for solving and implementing a measuring device for communication between apparatuses and DUT is designed and described. In conclusion, the results and evaluation of measurement are processed.

Background: In the context of the latest fourth Industrial Revolution, more and more people have a growing awareness of the concept of Industry 4.0. It has a wide range of applications in various fields and is also particularly important in port logistics. For small and medium-sized ports, digital transformation is significant important since they play a vital role in the supply chain. However, such ports still face many obstacles from digital transformation. Purpose: The study aims to investigate and understand the application of Industry 4.0 in small and medium-sized ports, identify challenges and opportunities related to the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies by analyzing existing advantages. Thus, help small and medium-sized ports better achieve the transformation of port digitization. Method: The method in this thesis is based on grounded theory. Besides, the researchers have chosen interpretivism to utilize surveys with port executives to examine the successful digitalization processes in different sized ports. The methodology employed involves a combination of qualitative data, quantitative and secondary data to support the findings. Additionally, the researchers incorporate stakeholder theory to assess the potential advantages and barriers associated with the digital transformation of ports. Conclusion: The researchers found that the technologies should be implemented in priorities such as digitization and Closed network system. Researchers also identified major barriers to implementation which are financing and knowledge & expertise. Most ports have recognized the importance of Industry 4.0. The main benefits of Industry 4.0 are improved operations and cost saving.

A bass-reflex system is a type of loudspeaker design that uses a port or a vent to improve low-frequency performance. The port acts as a Helmholtz resonator which extends the bass response of the system. However, at high drive levels, the air inside the port can become turbulent and cause distortion, noise, and compression. From previous works, it is known that the geometry of the port plays a crucial role in reducing these unwanted effects. This paper serves to provide more insight into optimal port shape by performing several objective tests on a group of 5 different prototype port shapes based on findings from previous literature. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and port compression tests were conducted to determine which port presented the highest performance.

Pile-supported ports allow seawater to run below the deck, and thus may suffer structural damages during extreme coastal events such as hurricanes. These structural damages, in turn, may result to port closures that can cause significant economic losses. Risk analysis can predict the post-hazard functionality of ports though the structural damage assessment of these structures prior to coastal events. However, assumptions on the selected demand estimates may affect the estimated probability of structural damage. This research aims to shed light on the sensitivity of the wave model selection for the risk assessment of pile-supported ports when subjected to storm surge and waves. The examined structural damage is the uplift of the deck, and the risk assessment is conducted through the development of fragility curves for a typical deck-pile connection, for which fragility curves are developed for different wave models. Uncertainties are also considered in parameters affecting the demand and capacity of the examined deck-pile connection and are propagated through the Monte Carlo simulation using the Latin Hypercube Sampling. The results indicate changes to the uplift probability as a result of the selected wave model. Thus, wave model selection can alter the uplift failure probability. In addition, the study proposes parameterized fragility models to enable the uplift risk assessment across a region. The presented results aim to throw light on the proper model selection to produce more realistic risk assessment estimates towards the resilience of coastal infrastructure. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Ports are actively pursuing greater operational efficiency to effectively handle the increasing global flow of goods, while striving to improve the energy efficiency of their operations to comply with new environmental regulations. As a result, innovation-leading ports have begun to recognize the potential of digital twins to overview, coordinate and optimize port processes, resulting in energy savings, and reductions of costs and of CO2 emissions. While digital twins have gained momentum in other domains such as smart manufacturing and aerospace, their adoption in ports has been comparatively slow. This can be explained, among other things, by the multi-stakeholder nature of the port and the high complexity of the often interconnected port processes. Thus, this thesis, grounded in the context of ports, discusses what constitutes a digital twin, proposes characteristics to assess the maturity of existing digital twins, and introduces and evaluates mathematical models to support a key port process, which can be used as components of a digital twin for the port. The thesis is composed of three papers:  Paper 1 is based on an extensive literature review, through which digital twins among different domains are studied in depth in order to transfer insights from these to the port domain. The resulting discussion of what constitutes a port’s digital twin and the requirements that a port’s digital twin must fulfil, together with a discussion of use cases of how port digital twins can contribute to energy savings, form the basis of Paper 1.  Paper 2 discusses how digital twins’ maturity can be assessed within six maturity levels and presents milestones for their implementation. Notably, Interoperability is identified as the highest maturity level, as the numerous stakeholders and their respective digital twins must work together to reach a coordinated system of systems performance. Using this assessment demonstrates that only a few innovation-leading ports have developed sophisticated digital twinning solutions so far.  Paper 3 is dedicated to coordinating container retrieval with stacking, combining two key port operations. Thus, it can present a key modeling component of a port digital twin, considering jointly the goals of reducing the energy demanding crane movements, as well as keeping schedules tight to avoid port congestion issues. This is directly reflecting the potentially conflicting perspectives of different stakeholders in the port context. The provided optimization model and algorithm show that jointly addressing both problems may lead to a reduced efficiency of both individual objectives, but from a systems perspective, leads to a higher overall port efficiency. / Hamnar strävar aktivt efter ökad operativ effektivitet för att hantera den ökande globala varuflödet, samtidigt som de strävar efter att förbättra energieffektiviteten. Som ett resultat har ledande hamnar börjat se potentialen hos digitala tvillingar för att skapa överblick samt koordinera och optimera processer i hamnen. Målet med användningen av digitala tvillingar är energibesparingar samt minskning av kostnader och CO2-utsläpp. Medan digitala tvillingar har använts inom andra områden såsom tillverknings-, flyg- och rymdindustrin, har införandet i hamnar varit jämförelsevist långsamt. Detta kan förklaras, bland annat, av hamnens många olika involverade aktörer och den höga komplexiteten i de ofta sammanlänkade hamnprocesserna. Därför fokuserar denna avhandling, med utgångspunkt i hamnkontexten, vad som utgör en digital tvilling, presenterar egenskaper för olika mognadsnivåer hos befintliga digitala tvillingar, och introducerar samt utvärderar matematiska modeller som kan bli delkomponenter i en digital tvilling för hamnen. Avhandlingen består av tre artiklar: Artikel 1 bygger på en omfattande litteraturöversikt, inom vilken digitala tvillingar för olika områden studeras ingående för att överföra insikter från dessa till hamndomänen. Detta resulterar i en presentation av vad som utgör en hamns digitala tvilling och de krav som en hamns digitala tvilling måste uppfylla, tillsammans med en diskussion om möjliga sett på vilka hur hamnens digitala tvillingar kan bidra till energibesparingar. Artikel 2 presenterar ett ramverk för hur mognaden hos digitala tvillingar kan bedömas baserat på sex mognadsnivåer och presenterar milstolpar för deras implementering. Noterbart är att interoperabilitet identifieras som den högsta mognadsnivån, eftersom de många intressenterna och deras respektive digitala tvillingar måste koordineras för att nå en fungerande system-av-systemnviå. Genom att använda denna bedömning visar det sig att endast några få innovationsledande hamnar hittills har utvecklat sofistikerade digitala tvillinglösningar. Artikel 3 fokuserar på koordinering av containerupphämtning koordinerat med staplings effektivitet, två viktiga hamnaktivieter. Därför representerar dessa en viktig modelleringskomponent i en hamns digitala tvilling, med beaktande av målen att minska de energikrävande kranrörelse, samt behovet av att hålla planerade tider för att undvika trängsel och väntan. Detta speglar direkt de potentiellt konfliktfyllda perspektiven hos olika intressenter i hamnkontexten. Den utvecklade optimeringsmodellen och algoritmen visar att gemensam hantering av båda dessa problemen kan leda till en minskad effektivitet för de respektive individuella målen, men en ökad effektivitet från ett systemperspektiv för hamnen som helhet.

本研究係以中國大陸「水路運輸部門」的「航港體制改革」有關問題為研究對象，係屬一種針對某一特定「產業部門」（Industrial Sectors）的體制改革問題之研究取向。 　　由中共建政至「改革開放」路線實施前的三十年中，其「水路運輸部門」在實踐上也浮現了若干問題，而隨著經濟體制改革，如何尋求這些問題的解決，即為1980年代初期以來中共推動「航港體制改革」之目的。 　　有關「改革開放時期中共航港體制改革之研究」此一議題，基本上橫跨了做為「經濟基礎」的航運事業、港口事業兩大「產業部門」（Industrial Sectors），又涉及到其「上層建築」的「政府機構改革」（航港行政管理體制改革）；在屬性上是一個典型的「公共政策分析」議題。 　　本研究主要使用「公共政策分析」研究法的「過程論模式」（Process Model）做為分析模式（analytical models）。經由「政策環境分析」及一系列的「政策過程階段分析」，據以產出「政策主張」。 　　綜上，本研究之主要內容，乃在探討（1）「水路運輸部門」的「航港體制改革」之公共政策分析，以及其中一系列的政策過程階段分析，（2）跨入新世紀航港體制改革進一步深化發展之可能取向。 / The subject of the study is focus on the related public policy issues that were regarding the shipping and ports sectors regime reform on the Reform and Opening Era for the Mainland China. The shipping and ports sectors regime reform are a part of the integrated transportation sectors regime reform, especially in the water transportation sectors regime reform. This study orientation is against the regime reform issues on one specified industrial sectors. 　　During the 30 years form the regime found of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) at 1949 to the beginning of the Reform and Opening Route at 1979, there were many problems existed on each developing process of the shipping and ports sectors. How to find the solutions against the problems, was the object to promote the shipping and ports regime reform from the beginning of 1980’s decade. 　　As regarding the issues of “A Study on the Shipping and Ports Sectors Regime Reform on the Reform and Opening Era for the Mainland China”, it is not only across both on the shipping industry and ports industry of the two important industrial sectors as the “Economic Base”, but also involved the government institutions reform (shipping and ports administration regime reform) as the “Upper Construction”, so that is a typical public policy analysis issues. The study will utilize the Public Policy Analysis Methodology, especially in Process Model to be the analytical models. Through the Policy Environment Analysis and the series Policy Process Stage Analysis, then it will output the Policy Advocacy. 　　As the above mentioned, the major contents of the study are including the （1）policy process stage analysis of the shipping and ports sectors regime reform, and （2）the possible upgrade orientation of the shipping and ports sectors regime reform during across to the new century.

by Pierre Daigneault. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-130). / List of Abbreviations --- p.i / List of Figures --- p.i / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter1 --- Historical and Administrative Background --- p.7 / Historical background --- p.7 / Administrative Profile (1980) --- p.18 / Summary --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter2 --- Hainan Administrative District Commisionner's Office --- p.23 / The Embryo of the New Strategy --- p.24 / The Integrated Scientific Investigation --- p.28 / "Responses from Provincial, Central and Local Leaders" --- p.38 / The Core of Hainan development strategy --- p.44 / "Centralization, Integration and Administrative Changes" --- p.50 / Summary --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter3 --- Hainan Regional People's Government --- p.57 / "The Car Incident, 1984-85" --- p.57 / "Period of Reeva1uation, 1985-87" --- p.65 / Summary --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter4 --- Hainan Province People's Government --- p.92 / "Setting up the Provincial Government, 1988" --- p.92 / The Spring of 1989 --- p.98 / The Summer of 1989 --- p.109 / The Fal1 of 1989 --- p.112 / Summary --- p.115 / Conclusion --- p.119 / Bibliography --- p.126