Cette thèse porte sur l’examen du mode d’opération du remploi photographique en art contemporain, et en spécial celui d’images photographiques post mortem. Avec l’appui de différentes théories qui portent sur la photographie et l’observation de plusieurs oeuvres de remploi photographique, ce travail étudie,d’une part, les problématiques d’ordre génétique et théorique spécifiques à cette pratique contemporaine. De l’autre, ce travail traverse des perspectives historiques et aussi anthropologiques à propos de l’homme face au corps mort pour, en tenant en compte des différents aspects des transformations du rapport de la société occidentale à la mort, observer les effets sur la production de la photographie contemporaine. Dans ce contexte, l’étude identifie les deux types majeurs d’images photographiques post mortem remployées – les deux associé à la violence – et analyse, en suite, les nouveaux rapports symboliques proposés par un nombre d’oeuvres. Cet étude cherche à observer à quoi répond ces oeuvres de remploi d’images photographique post mortem et, en même temps, à observer que l’oeuvre de remploi photographique, en tant que pratique artistique qui vise la révision et la critique des représentations, contribue néanmoins pour la construction d’une représentation de la mort selon les perspectives contemporaines auxquelles elles répondent. / This thesis focuses on the examination of the operation mode of the photographic re-employment incontemporary art, and in special of post mortem photographic images. With the support of various theories that focus on photography and the observation of several photographic re-employment artworks, this study examines, on the one hand, genetic and theoretical problematic that are specific to this contemporary practice. On the other, this work crosses historical and also anthropological perspectives on humans facing the dead body, taking into account different aspects of the transformations in Western society’s relationship to death, in order to observe the effects on contemporary photography production. In this context, this study identifies two major types of postmortem photographic images re-employed – both associated with violence –, and then analyses the newsymbolic relations proposed by a number of artworks. This study seeks to observe to what these artworks that re-employ post mortem photographic images respond to, and at the same time, seeks toobserve that the photographic re-employment, as an artistic practice that aims to review and criticize representations, contributes however, for the construction of a representation of death within the very contemporary perspectives, which they respond to.

Den här uppsatsen studerar vilka individer som forskare utför en ansiktsrekonstruktion på och vilka etiska aspekter som kan ligga till grund för arbetet. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka personer som det är vanligast att göra en rekonstruktion på samt hur forskare ställer sig till etiska problem. Studien utgår ifrån att etik är ett problematiskt begrepp och att det inte alltid är lätt och självklart hur vi ska förhålla oss till det Fallstudierna utgörs av publikationer mellan 2019–2024, vilket är totalt 16 stycken fallstudier med 27 individer. Ytterligare begränsning har gjorts då fallstudien i fråga måste kunna svara på individens ursprungliga geografiska placering, datering, fyndkontext, ålder och kön. Status är ännu en kategori som används, men där har inte alla fallstudier konkretiserat vilket skikt individen tillhör och därför har det i några fall, med hjälp av fallstudien gjorts en egen tolkning. Generellt visar det sig vara vuxna män, samt individer från nyare tid med ursprunglig geografisk plats i Europa. De flesta visar sig också vara av låg status som återfunnits på en gravplats. Fallstudierna analyseras också efter om de har några etiska reflektioner, vilket fyra av 16 fallstudier har. / This essay studies which individuals’ researchers perform a facial reconstruction on and which ethical aspects that might form the basis of the work. The purpose is to find out which people are the most commonly reconstructed, and how researchers approach ethical. The study assumes that ethics is a problematic concept and that it is not always easy and obvious how we should relate to it. The case studies consist of publications between 2019–2024, which is a total of 16 case studies with 27 individuals. A further limitation has been made as the case study in question must be able to answer the individual’s original geographical location, dating, find context, age and gender. Status is yet another category that is used, but not all case studies have specified which stratum the individual belongs to and therefor in some cases, with the help of the case study, an interpretation has been made. Generally, it turns out to be adult men, as well as individuals from more recent times with an original geographical location in Europe. Most also turn out to be of low status found in burial sites. The case studies are also analyzed according to whether they have any ethical reflections, which four out of 16 case studies have.

La reconstruction 3D de coupes histologiques donne lieu à une nouvelle modalité tridimensionnelle que nous désignons par Imagerie Post Mortem ou IPM. Après avoir proposé une classification des études mettant en jeu l'histologie et concernant le cerveau, nous décrivons dans ce travail de thèse deux protocoles de constitution d'IPM cérébrale. Le premier protocole concerne les animaux de type rongeurs. Il comprend l'acquisition et l'extraction en séries de données anatomiques (coupes histologiques marquées) et fonctionnelles (coupes autoradiographiques). Ces étapes sont suivies de l'alignement et du coalignement des coupes histologiques pour constituer un volume anatomique et un volume fonctionnel spatialement cohérents et recal és entre eux, permettant de mener des analyses 3D. Le deuxième protocole concerne les animaux de type primates. Il décrit une méthode complète de mise en correspondance d'images in vivo et post mortem. Un volume de coupes histologiques est obtenu par coalignement avec des photographies prises lors de la coupe. Une normalisation d'intensité inter-coupes robuste est proposée pour rendre également cohérent tridimensionnellement en intensité ce volume. Enfin, une déformation élastique est estimée entre le cerveau post mortem et le cerveau dans sa géométrie in vivo (représenté par l'IRM) pour corriger les différences de volume inhérentes à l'histologie. La réalisation d'atlas du thalamus, puis une confrontation avec une segmentation réalisée in vivo en IRM de diffusion par une nouvelle méthode par classification sont présentées comme applications directes de ce protocole. Nous concluons ce travail par diverses perspectives d'utilisation de l'IPM.

Presbyopia is the progressive decrease in accommodative ability with age, and it implies a major loss of visual function. Presbyopia is the only condition of the eye which affects everyone who lives beyond 50 years of age. As part of a joint effort, the Ophthalmic Biophysics Center at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and the Vision Cooperative Research Centre at the University of New South Wales, developed two different ex-vivo accommodation simulators (EVAS) to examine the mechanisms of accommodation and presbyopia, and to test and validate new ophthalmic surgical procedures such as lens refilling. The purpose of this thesis is to mechanically and optically calibrate the second generation instrument (EVASII), and to compare it to the first generation design (EVASI). To validate the optical measurements of EVASII, an optical calibration has been performed, yielding a lens power measurement system with a mean accuracy of ±0.56D. To enhance the optical capabilities and tissue dissection options, the mechanics of mounting the tissue has been improved by using magnetic mounts, and the mechanical calibration of EVASII, yielded a force measurement system with a mean uncertainty of ±0.81g Also, a comparison of EVASII and EVASI has been performed, showing that the results of the two systems are significantly different; however, both systems successfully simulate accommodation. Thus, general trends concerning efficacy and optimization of surgical procedures as well as age related accommodative changes can be compared for each individual system.

The non-burial motif in the Hebrew Bible borrows language, imagery, and rhetorical strategies from its ancient West Asian milieu. Despite its many attestations in TANAKH, this motif often is overlooked in biblical research. Past scholarship relied on Delbert Hillers's form-critical and comparative work, which identified several occurrences of a biblical "curse of no burial" that shares stereotypical terminology with Mesopotamian treaty-curses. Nevertheless, Hillers's classification of the "curse of no burial" as a treaty-curse obstructed the identification of the majority of biblical references to non-burial. As one type of threatened or actualized post-mortem punishment, deprivation of burial appears explicitly and as the intended result of another threatened or performed act of violence. Revising Hillers's typology, I propose a description of references to non-burial that considers the following characteristics: 1) elements of post-mortem abuse; 2) agent; 3) victim; 4) reason; and 5) intended result. The identification of non-burial as post-mortem abuse, recognizable by the presence of stereotypical terminology in these five interpretive categories, broadens the net of non-burial references beyond the scope of treaty-curses. Over forty examples of the non-burial motif appear across thirteen biblical books. In-depth interpretations of six of these references to non-burial (Num 14:28-35; Deut 28:26; 1 Sam 17:44-47; 1 Kgs 14:10-11; Isa 14:18-20; Jer 8:1-3) scrutinize literary contexts, lexical features, and rhetorical functions. The non-burial motif appears in several different types of socio-literary contexts, and it functions as a literary weapon within biblical authors' ideologically-shaped rhetorical compositions. Rhetorical-historical interpretation and social-anthropological theory clarify implications of deprived funerary rites. In biblical and extra-biblical examples, the non-burial motif is used to: 1) shame victims and their communities; 2) eradicate the victims' identity; and 3) bolster the identity of the agent. When the victim's identity depends upon its relationality with the agent (i.e., Israel's vassaldom to YHWH's suzerainty), the imposition of post-mortem punishment redefines the dynamics of the relationship.

In Brazil, in 2006, 35.650.000 turkeys were slaughtered, totalizing 353,278 ton, 156,056 were exported generating a cambial prescription of US$ 262.820.985, 00. Objecting evaluate the occurred convictions in turkeys slaughter in the Rio Grande do Sul were evaluated the spread sheets of turkeys conviction under fiscalization in the Rio Grande do Sul ´s Federal Supervision (RS), in the period of January of 2005 until December of 2006. The results demonstrates that almost of the eight million turkeys carcasses (7.984.528 birds), 19.9% had some kind of postmortem condemnation. Most condemnations were partial 1.539.939 (97.1%) and 46,628 (2.9%) were totally condemned. The principal causes of partial condemnations were: contusion/breaking (7.025%), abscess (3.698%), contamination (2.942%), callus of chest (1.995%), arthritis (1.428%), airsacculitis (1.101%), dermatosis (0.937%) and excessive scald (0.056%). The causes of total postmortem condemnation were: repugnant aspect (0.255%), wasting (0.085%), excessive scald (0.077%), airsacculitis (0.040%), colibacillosis (0.033%) and contamination (0.025%). It was observed that the most of these condemnations are related to the imperfections in the transport and in the slaughter process of these animals showing the necessity of improvements, as corrective actions that can minimize bruises, harm bleeding, like others. / No Brasil, em 2006, foram abatidos 35.650.000 perus, totalizando 353.278 toneladas. Destes 156.056 foram exportadas gerando uma receita cambial de US$ 262.820.985,00. Com o objetivo de avaliar as condenações ocorridas no abate de perus no Rio Grande do Sul foram estudadas as planilhas de condenação de perus sob a fiscalização do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), no período de janeiro de 2005 até dezembro de 2006. Os resultados demonstram que dos quase oito milhões de perus abatidos no Estado (7.984.528 aves), 19,9% foram condenados. Destes 1.539.939 (97,1%) foram condenados parcialmente e 46.628 (2,9%) foram condenados totalmente. As principais causas de condenação parcial foram por: contusão/fratura (7,025%), abscesso (3,698%), contaminação (2,942%), calo de peito (1,995%), artrite (1,428%), aerossaculite (1,101%), dermatose (0,937%) e escaldagem excessiva (0,056%). E as principais causas de condenação total foram: aspecto repugnante (0,255%), caquexia (0,085%), escaldagem excessiva (0,077%), aerossaculite (0,040%), colibacilose (0,033%) e contaminação (0,025%). Sendo que se observou que as maiorias destas condenações estão relacionadas à falhas no transporte e no processo de abate desses animais traduzindo a necessidade de melhorias, como ações corretivas que podem minimizar contusões, má sangria, entre outras.

Orientador: Léa Silvia Sant'Ana / Banca: Rose Meire Vidotti / Banca: Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato / Resumo: A vitamina E é usada nas dietas com a finalidade de melhorar o crescimento, a resistência ao estresse e a doenças, assim como a sobrevivência de peixes. Também pode ser eficiente na conservação do pescado durante o processamento e estocagem, inibindo a degradação dos lipídios pela oxidação. O presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos antioxidantes da vitamina E "in vivo" e "in vitro" na qualidade final dos hambúrgueres produzidos com filés de tilápias congelados durante 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 3x2, caracterizado pela suplementação de dois níveis de vitamina E nas dietas (100 e 200 mg / kg de ração) e o grupo controle (zero mg/kg de ração) e adição ou não de 100 ppm de vitamina E aos hambúrgueres, com quatro repetições. Os peixes, com peso médio inicial de 184,23 + 1,68g foram alimentados com as dietas experimentais durante 63 dias. Após esse período, foram abatidos e os filés processados em hambúrgueres. Foram avaliados os parâmetros de desempenho, composição centesimal e a oxidação lipídica, determinada pelas substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (SRATB). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa para as variáveis de ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e crescimento específico entre os tratamentos. A composição química variou dentro dos valores encontrados para pescados. O aumento do nível de vitamina E promoveu redução nos valores de SRATB das amostras em todos os intervalos de tempo, e que a adição "in vivo" da vitamina E protegeu os hambúrgueres da oxidação lipídica de forma mais eficiente do que a adição "in vitro", sendo que a interação entre ambas resultou em maior redução nas taxas de oxidação. / Abstract: Vitamin E is used in diets with the aim of enhancing growth, resistance to stress and pathology, and also fish survival. It can be efficient in fish conservation during processing and frozen storage, inhibiting lipid degradation from oxidation. The present work evaluated the antioxidant effects of vitamin E utilization in vivo and in vitro in the final quality of hamburgers made from tilapia filets during frozen storage over 3 months. A randomized design, in a 3x2 factorial scheme was utilized, which correspond to the two levels of diet vitamin E (100 and 200 mg / kg diet) and the control group (zero mg/kg diet) and addition or not of 100 ppm of vitamin E to the hamburgers, with four repetitions. The fishes, with initial weight 184.23 + 1.68 g, were fed the experimental diets for 63 days, after which they were killed and processed into hamburgers. The performance parameters analyzed were centesimal composition and lipid oxidation, determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed no significant difference between treatments for weight gain, food conversion or specific growth. The chemical composition varied within the values found for fish. Increased vitamin E levels promoted reduction of TBARS values over all time intervals. This means values suggested that the addition in vivo of tocopherol protected the hamburgers from lipid oxidation more efficiently when compared to in vitro addition, but the interaction between both resulted in higher reduction in rate of oxidation. / Mestre

Orientador: Aricio Xavier Linhares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituo de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_CarinaMarade_M.pdf: 1457552 bytes, checksum: 6cd38fc74da441a111a04348ee418d6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Devido ao aumento no número de mortes relacionadas ao abuso de drogas, o conhecimento da interferência destas substâncias sobre o desenvolvimento de certas espécies de insetos necrófagos torna-se de grande importância, especialmente quando a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM) usa como base a idade do inseto. Além disso, esta metodologia é uma valiosa alternativa para determinar a causa da morte, quando o corpo encontra-se em avançado estágio de decomposição. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de esteróides anabólico-androgênicos (EAA), comumente usados para aumento da massa muscular, sobre a taxa de desenvolvimento de Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), C. albiceps (Wiedemann) e C. megaacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Dois delineamentos experimentais foram feitos: um somente com a substância decanoato de nandrolona (Deca-Durabolin®) e outro associando decanoato aos ésteres de testosterona (Durateston®). Imaturos obtidos de colônias de moscas adultas estabelecidas em laboratório foram depositados em potes plásticos contendo dieta artificial para montagem dos grupos experimentais, sem (grupo controle) e com adição de esteróides. Cada tratamento foi repetido seis vezes. O ganho de massa foi registrado para grupos de 10 larvas, em intervalos de 12 h, até que atingissem o estágio de pupa. Além disso, foram medidos a viabilidade larval, a taxa e o intervalo de emergência. ANOVA de um critério e teste de comparações múltiplas de Duncan foram feitos para comparar o efeito dos EAA, associados ou não em diferentes e crescentes concentrações, sobre o desenvolvimento larval usando o ganho de massa como variável resposta. Diferenças significativas não foram observadas quanto ao tempo de desenvolvimento e intervalo de emergência para todas espécies tratadas, mas houve nítida heterogeneidade quanto às curvas de desenvolvimento, quando associados os dois EAA para C. putoria e C. albiceps. A viabilidade larval e a emergência de C. putoria foram significativamente afetadas pela associação de EAA, com valores inferiores aos apresentados pelo controle. Frente ao decanoato, C. putoria apresentou inicialmente maior ganho de massa, contudo, em idades mais avançadas, os imaturos expostos à droga obtiveram menor média de massa corpórea que o controle. Para C. albiceps a maior concentração de decanoato afetou negativamente o ganho de massa durante todo o desenvolvimento larval. A análise do ganho de massa, por hora, indicou diferenças significativas no período compreendido entre 36 e 84 h entre grupos controle e com adição de EAA associados, o que levaria a erro no cálculo do IPM, se esta condição não fosse considerada. / Abstract: Due to increase of deaths related to drug abuse, the knowledge of the interference of these substances on the development of certain necrophagous insects species can be very important, especially when the estimative of the postmortem interval (PMI) is based on insect age. Furthermore, they are valuable alternatives to determine the cause of death, when the body is in an advanced stage of decomposition. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), commonly used to increase muscle mass, on the developmental rate of Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), C. albiceps (Wiedemann) and C. megaacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Two experimental designs were made: one only with nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin®) and another with decanoate associated to ester of testosterone (Durateston®). Immatures obtained from adult flies colonies established in lab were placed in plastic vials containing an artificial rearing diet for assembly of experimental groups, without (control group) and with addition of steroids. Each treatment was replicated six times. The mass gain was recorded for groups of 10 larvae at 12h-intervals until they reached the pupal stage. In addition, we measured the larval viability, the rate and interval of emergency. ANOVA one way and Duncan's multiple comparison test were made to compare the effect of the EAA, associated or not in different and increased concentrations on the developmental larval using the mass gain as dependent variable. Significant differences were observed regarding the developmental time and interval of emergency for all threatened species, but there was a clear heterogeneity on the developmental curves for C. putoria and C. albiceps by the EAA association. The larval viability and the emergence rates of C. putoria were significantly affected by the EAA association, with rates lower than control group. Initially, C. putoria rearing in decanoate showed greater weight gain, however, at older ages, immatures obtained a lower average weight than control. For C. albiceps the highest concentration of decanoate negatively affected mass gain during the larval development. The mass gain analysis, per hour, indicated significant differences from 36 to 84 h between control and EAA groups, which could lead to incorrect estimation of the PMI, if this condition was not considered. / Mestrado / Mestre em Parasitologia

Orientador: Aricio Xavier Linhares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T18:18:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soto_DoraAmparoEstrada_D.pdf: 2535722 bytes, checksum: 550a33ae626a5a9a30ff32773e785904 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A Entomologia Forense utiliza dados de desenvolvimento e aspectos ecológicos de insetos necrófagos com o objetivo de auxiliar as investigações criminais, entre outros, no cálculo da estimativa do intervalo pós-morte (IPM). Igualmente, pode-se caracterizar a causa da morte quando essas drogas são detectadas em insetos imaturos que se alimentam dos corpos em decomposição. Além disso, os insetos podem servir como uma ferramenta alternativa para análises toxicológicas na ausência de tecidos e fluídos coletados habitualmente para este fim. Trabalhos recentes têm demonstrado que a presença de drogas ou toxinas em tecidos em decomposição pode alterar a taxa de desenvolvimento de insetos que usam este recurso como fonte alimentar. A ausência de conhecimentos dos possíveis interferentes no ciclo biológico pode gerar dados imprecisos sobre a idade do inseto, o que prejudicaria a estimativa do IPM. O ramo da Entomologia Forense que estuda os aspectos acima mencionados é denominado Entomotoxicologia. Rotineiramente, é necessário fazer testes preliminares em laboratório com dieta artificial e com certas substâncias para criar um banco de dados que possa ser útil como um padrão para investigar e quantificar as modificações que podem ocorrer com insetos coletados numa cena criminal. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi observar o efeito dos barbitúricos, fenobarbital (Gardenal®) e tiopental (Thiopentax®) em diferentes dosagens no desenvolvimento de imaturos de três espécies de califorídeos ¿ Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) e Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera). Foi observado que os dois barbitúricos afetaram significativamente o desenvolvimento larval das três espécies, sendo que na maior dosagem a taxa de mortalidade foi elevada e na menor, o desenvolvimento retardou em até duas vezes, quando comparado ao grupo controle (sem adição de substância química). O conhecimento da ação destes barbitúricos no desenvolvimento dos imaturos dessas espécies de interesse forense pode contribuir para evitar erros no cálculo da estimativa do IPM. Também foi avaliada a taxa de desenvolvimento de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) e Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera) criadas em diferentes dietas artificiais contendo tecidos de origem animal e comparadas a uma dieta já descrita em literatura, a qual não contém tecido animal, e a um grupo controle, onde foi usada somente a carne moída. A eficiência de cada dieta foi observada levando em conta o ganho de massa dos imaturos, o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, a taxa de sobrevivência de pupas e adultos, o intervalo de emergência e o tamanho dos adultos. Assim, foi proposta uma nova dieta artificial proporcionando uma melhor uniformidade para a adição de drogas e sobrevivência das espécies estudadas, tornando mais eficiente a criação e os testes biológicos com os dípteros necrófagos em laboratório / Abstract: The Forensic entomology utilizes developmental data and ecological aspects of necrophagic insects with the aim of helping criminal investigations, being able to, for instance, estimate the post mortem interval (PMI). Likewise, the death cause may be detected when these drugs are detected in immature insects from the same substrate. Besides, the insects can work as an alternative tool for toxicological analyses in the absence of tissues and fluids usually collected for this purpose. Recent investigations have been demonstrating that the presence of drugs or toxins in decomposing tissues may alter the development rate of insects that use such resource as a food substrate. The non-observance of this knowledge may lead to imprecise conclusions on the insect age, producing mistakes on the PMI estimative. This field of forensic entomology is named entomotoxicology. On routine basis, laboratory preliminary tests using artificial diet and certain substances are necessary to create a data bank that could be useful as a pattern to investigate and quantify the modifications that may occur with insects collected from death scenes. The present study aimed to verify the effect of the barbiturics phenobarbital (Gardenal®) and thiopental (Thiopentax®) in three concentrations, in the development of immatures of three Calliphoridae species ¿ Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera). The barbiturics significantly affected the larval development of the three species, when the highest mortality rate occurred with the highest concentrations, and in the other concentrations the development retarded twice as much compared to the control group (without chemic substance). The knowledge on the action of these barbiturics in the immature development of these species of forensic interest can contribute to minimize the errors in the estimative of the PMI. A comparison of the developmental rate of the blowflies Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), and Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera) reared on: a) artificial diets containing animal tissues; b) artificial diet without animal tissue; and c) a control group (which contained only meat) was thus carried out. The efficiency of each diet was evaluated by observing the gain of immatures¿ weight, larvae developmental time, viability percentage obtained from pupae and adults, emergence interval and adult size. To make the rearing and biological tests with the necrophagic dipterans in laboratory more efficient, a new artificial diet was proposed, leading to a better uniformity and increased survivorship of the species studied. / Doutorado / Parasitologia / Doutor em Parasitologia

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-17T11:36:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 reginamendesdearaujo.pdf: 2282152 bytes, checksum: 09a54f80a3479ed65cf0ff514c429158 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-22T13:11:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 reginamendesdearaujo.pdf: 2282152 bytes, checksum: 09a54f80a3479ed65cf0ff514c429158 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-22T13:11:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 reginamendesdearaujo.pdf: 2282152 bytes, checksum: 09a54f80a3479ed65cf0ff514c429158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-07 / Amparado pela análise dos inventários post-mortem e testamentos que abarcam o período entre 1713 e 1750, este trabalho busca adentrar no universo das mulheres livres e forras de Vila do Carmo e seus termos, traçando seus perfis sociais e econômicos. Objetivando perceber as condições materiais de existência e as atividades econômicas, nas quais estavam envolvidas, analisamos a composição da riqueza destas mulheres e o significado que a posse de roupas, utensílios, jóias, vasilhames, móveis, objetos de devoção, bens de raiz e escravos, tinham na definição do lugar social destas personagens. Quem eram essas mulheres? Quais as suas condições econômicas e sociais? Como viviam? Em que espaços transitavam? Estas foram algumas questões que, ao longo da pesquisa, tentamos responder. Encontramos vários perfis de mulheres que, dentro da sociedade mineradora, contribuíram para a estruturação da sociedade colonial nas Minas setecentistas. Mulheres forras e livres, que estiveram presentes em Irmandades e apresentaram uma religiosidade distintamente barroca. Forras, que transitaram pelo mundo do trabalho e, por meio dele, buscaram se distanciar de sua antiga condição. Senhoras casadas com homens da elite, que se faziam presentes, ostentando, ao lado deles, seus status sociais e econômicos. / Supported by the analysis of post-mortem inventories and wills which cover the period between 1713 and 1750, this paper enter the universe of free and vindictive women of Town of Caramel and their term, tracing their social and economic profile. Aiming to understand the material conditions of existence and economic activities, which were involved, we analyze the composition of wealth of these women and the meaning that the possession of clothes, utensils, jewelry, containers, furniture, objects of devotion, property and slaves, had in shaping the social place of these characters. Who were these women? What were their economic and social conditions? How they lived? What space they traffic by? These were some issues that, during the search, we tried to respond. We found multiple profiles of women who, within the mining company, contributed to the structure of colonial society in the seventeenth Mines. Vindictive and free women, who were present in the Brotherhood and had a distinctly baroque religiosity. Vindictive, which traffic by the world of work and, through it, sought distancing themselves from their old condition. Women married to men of the elite, who were present, bearing next to them, their social and economic status.