The objective of this study was to compare prediction of meat tenderness by means of gene technologies (markers) with established physical estimates of meat tenderness. Weaned, young bulls (n = 60) were selected on phenotype from various commercial producers to represent a Brahman (Bos indicus; n = 20), Simmental (continental Bos Taurus; n = 20) and Nguni (Sanga; n = 20) crossbred group. After being raised under intensive feedlot conditions the animals were slaughtered according to normal South African slaughter procedures at an A-age (10 - 12 months) with a fatness class of two or three (lean-medium fatness). At slaughter the carcasses were not electrical stimulated because electrical stimulation influences the processes of meat tenderness, and the emphasis was on the expression of the inherent tenderness characteristics without external post mortem influences. Carcasses were halved, chilled at 4 ˚C within 2 hours post mortem. The M. longissimus thoracis et lumboram (LT and LL) of the right and left sides were removed from the third last rib to the last lumbar vertebra and sub sampled for shear force evaluations, SDS-PAGE, Western-blotting, myofibril fragmentation (MFL), sarcomere length (SL), calpain, calpastatin, total collagen, % collagen solubility and marker analysis. The position of sampling for each test was consistent and the different samples were either frozen immediately at -20 ˚C or -80 ˚C or vacuum packed and aged (2 ± 2 ˚C) for 7 or 14 days post mortem. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were employed in this study for the bovine CAPN1 gene, which is found or situated on bovine chromosome 29, namely a SNP marker which is situated on exon nine (CAPN1-316) and the other on intron 17 (CAPN1-4751). The inhibitor, calpastatin (CAST) found on chromosome seven was also analysed in this study. Both the CAST markers (CAST and CAST-Brahman) lie in the three prime untranslated regions (3' UTR) of the CAST gene. Genotype data of two- markers were used to determine the two-marker haplotypes. The results of the study showed that differences exist in meat quality of the different crossbreds. Brahman- and Nguni-crosses had lower shear force values (more tender) than that of the Simmentaler-crosses under these specific experimental conditions. The pH decline did not differ significantly (p > 0.001) between the crossbreds. The carcass temperature and temperature decline rate although similar between the Brahman- and the Simmentaler-crosses for three hours and up to eight hours post mortem differed significantly from that of the Nguni-crosses (p < 0.006). The sarcomere lengths were mostly under 1.7 µm, which indicate that shortening (caused by rapid chilling) can not be eliminated. No significant differences were found between the different crossbreds for the calpastatin levels but significant differences were found for the µ-calpain activity and µ-calpain / calpastatin activity ratios. The Brahman-crosses had longer myofibril fragment lengths on average, indicating lower proteolysis / myofibrillar fragmentation compared to the other crossbreds. Myofibrillar protein degradation (titin, nebulin, desmin) and myofibrillar protein formation (30 kDa) during post mortem ageing was examined as a confirmation for the myofibril fragment length results. Significant differences between the crossbreds were found for titin degradation. Nguni-cross animals had significantly (p < 0.033) more titin present than the other crossbreds. Nebulin degradation showed a significant (p < 0.038) breed effect at 7 days post mortem and a significant degradation rate difference for breed types between 1 day and 7 days post mortem (p < 0.03) and 1 day and 14 days post mortem (p < 0.034). Desmin degradation evaluated with SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting indicated that the Simmentaler-cross animals had significantly (p < 0.018; p < 0.024, respectively) lower desmin levels compared to the other crossbreds. For the 30 kDa proteins there were no significant (p > 0.001) differences in data evaluated at 1 day, 7 and 14 days post mortem as well as for the formation rate. The results indicates that Brahman-crosses had the highest frequency for haplotypes that are associated with increased shear force, and thus tougher meat compared to the Simmentaler-crosses that had the highest frequency for haplotyes that are associated with lower shear force, and thus more tender meat, while Nguni-crosses were intermediate. A multiplex marker system incorporating both markers (316 and 4751) and indexes for the markers at CASTand CAPN1 genes were evaluated in this study. Considering the average index for the interactions between the CAST and CAPN1 genes, it can be concluded that the Nguni-cross was overall the breed with the highest potential for inherently tender meat. In general, the animals in this study had the tendency for tougher meat. The genetic markers (CAST and CAPN1) showed no association with Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) (p > 0.05), which suggest that various mechanisms and environmental factors may be involved and give another outcome compared to the genetic make up. Simple correlation coefficients were generated between the different characteristics measured. If the group of animals in this study is indeed a typical representation of South African feedlot finished crossbred animals, the relatively high WBSF values emphasise the challenge to manipulate their intrinsic tenderness potential by making use of various pre- and post-slaughter techniques and procedures. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric) (Animal Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

Tesis (Magister en Derecho con y sin Menciones) / Actividad Formativa Equivalente a Tesis (AFET)

This research focused on the evaluation of iris recognition on post-mortem subjects. It was to determine if iris image captures were suitable from post-mortem subjects and if the captures contained the features required to be used in recognition scenarios. One commercially available iris camera was used, the IriShield USB MK2120U. In order to complete this research, it was first necessary to obtain images from subjects that contain the proper features, including sharpness, pupil size, and image quality. The images were captured during three different conditions that would be possible to find under real-world circumstances. The first condition was as the decedent came into the coroner’s office before the vitreous fluid was sampled from the eyes. The second condition was after the vitreous fluid was sampled from the deceased. Sampling vitreous fluid is a common autopsy procedure. This second condition would also be similar to a subject with a punctured eye. The third condition was after replacing the volume of vitreous fluid with saline solution. Replacing the vitreous with saline restored the round shape to the eye. This study found that high quality images can be captured from a post-mortem eye and that matching images across conditions results in positive identification.<br>

High Performance Liguid Chromatography was used to measure degradation of nucleotides in human cadavers for the purpose of prediction of post mortem interval. Endogenous nucleotides were extracted from integumentary tissue of six(6) human cadavers using six percent(6%) tricholoacetic acid. Linear regression statistical techniques were used to determine linearity of degradation of various nucleotide pools.

No description available.

A interpretação dos achados laboratoriais no estabelecimento da causa mortis consiste na integração dos conhecimentos sobre a toxicocinética e toxicodinâmica do agente, conhecimentos de sua redistribuição post mortem (RPM) e achados necroscópicos que possibilitem o nexo causal entre o toxicante e o efeito letal. Neste sentido, é importante considerar que somente as concentrações de cocaína (COC) e seus metabólitos podem não ser determinantes na interpretação da causa de morte, podendo ser útil o cotejamento com outros parâmetros, como os níveis de neurotrasmissores que representem o mecanismo de ação do fármaco. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a RPM da COC e seu metabólito benzoilecgonina (BE) em três segmentos do tecido encefálico (TE), no humor vítreo (HV) e sangue (SG), bem como determinar as concentrações de catecolaminas e indolaminas no encéfalo para avaliar a aplicação da neuroquímica post mortem (NPM) na toxicologia forense. No estudo de RPM foram quantificados os níveis de COC e BE em três segmentos do TE (córtex frontal, núcleos da base e cerebelo), no HV e no SG através de método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) acoplada ao detector de arranjo de diodos. Os estudos de neuroquímica foram realizados empregando-se HPLC acoplada ao detector eletroquímico. Os resultados indicaram que as concentrações médias de COC foram maiores no TE, seguido por SG e HV (3,09, 2,92 e 1,71 &#181;g/mL, respectivamente), enquanto para BE foram maiores em SG, seguido por HV e TE (6,12, 1,39 e 0,87 &#181;g/mL, respectivamente). As concentrações de COC se apresentaram distribuídas uniformemente nos três segmentos de TE e apresentaram alta correlação com o HV. Adicionalmente, a média de concentrações de dopamina total foi maior no grupo de indivíduos com amostras positivas para COC, sendo verificado diferença significativa entre este grupo e o de indivíduos com amostras negativas para o fármaco de interesse. Os resultados demostraram que o estudo de RPM e da NPM constituem ferramentas aplicáveis na interpretação da causa e maneira de morte. / In case of intoxication, the interpretation of analytical results to assess the cause and process of death requires knowledge about toxicokinetics, toxicodynamic, postmortem redistribution, and autopsy elements. Cocaine-related deaths occur mainly after prolonged drugs use and the presence of cocaine (COC) in fluids or tissues does not prove that death was due to COC consumption, and the interpretation of postmortem concentrations is even more complicated than attempts at making such correlations in the living. The objectives of this study were to investigate the post mortem redistribution (PMR) of COC and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) in three segments of brain (frontal cortex, base nucleous, and cerebellum), vitreous humor, and blood. In additional, catecholamines and indolamines were quantified in brain in order to evaluate the usefulness of post mortem neurochemistry (PMN) in forensic toxicology. In PMR studies were quantified the COC and BE levels in three brain (BR) segments, in vitreous humor (VH), and blood (BL) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection, and for neurochemistry studies the neurotransmitters were quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection. A homogenous distribution of COC and BE within frontal cortex, base nucleous, and cerebellum was found. The COC media concentrations were 3.09, 2.92 e 1.71&#181;g/mL in BR, BL and VH, respectively, and the BE media concentrations were 6.12, 1.39 e 0.87 &#181;g/mL in BL, VH, and BR, respectively. The COC concentrations in VH show high correlation with brain. The media total dopamine concentration was significant higher in COC positive group. These findings suggest that the studies of PMR and PMN by neurotransmitters levels may be useful to assess the cause and process of death.

Esta dissertação de Mestrado tem por objetivo explicitar a relação entre senhores e escravos, analisando as alforrias no contexto da transmissão de bens e partilha de heranças, entre 1850 e 1888, nas freguesias da Sé, Brás, Santa Efigênia, Penha, Conceição de Guarulhos, Juquery, Nossa Senhora do Ó, São Bernardo e Cotia, que eram os Distritos de Paz da cidade de São Paulo. Pretende-se, partindo das manumissões registradas nos testamentos, principalmente as condicionadas à morte do proprietário de cativos, verificar a obtenção da liberdade jurídica, entendida como conquista do status jurídico de forro pelo ex-cativo e seus possíveis significados. Para tal enfoque, serão analisados os testamentos, inventários post-mortem e as cartas de liberdade registradas na Capital. Desse modo, será possível confrontar a vontade dos testadores à forma como esta pôde ser cumprida, após a morte, levando em consideração o patrimônio amealhado, as atitudes dos herdeiros nas sucessões e a legislação exposta nas Ordenações Filipinas, na Constituição de 1824, nos decretos e leis excepcionais, no Direito Romano e no direito consuetudinário, dispositivos que influenciavam nos assuntos relativos à escravidão. / This Masters Degree Dissertation has as subject to demonstrate the relationship between masters and slaves, analysing the alforrias in the context of transmition of goods and sharing of heritages, from 1850 to 1888, in the Freguesias of Sé, Brás, Santa Ifigênia, Penha, Conceição de Guarulhos, Juquery, Nossa Senhora do Ó, São Bernardo and Cotia, which were the Distritos de Paz of São Paulo City. We aim to verify the obtention of legal freedom, understood as a conquest of legal status as forro by the ex-captive and the possibles meanings of it, starting from manumitions registered on wills, mainly the conditional manumitions linked to the death of captive owners. Through this perspective, the wills, inventories post-mortem and freedom letters registered on the city capital will be analysed. By this way, it will be possible to confront the wishes of the slave owners with the mode those ones could be accomplished after the owners death, taking in account the patrimony amassed, the atitudes of the heirs concerning the succession, and the laws exposed in the Ordenações Filipinas, in the Constitution of 1824, in the decrees and exceptional laws, in Roman and Common Law, in all these legal documents that had influence on the themes related to slavery.

A interpretação dos achados laboratoriais no estabelecimento da causa mortis consiste na integração dos conhecimentos sobre a toxicocinética e toxicodinâmica do agente, conhecimentos de sua redistribuição post mortem (RPM) e achados necroscópicos que possibilitem o nexo causal entre o toxicante e o efeito letal. Neste sentido, é importante considerar que somente as concentrações de cocaína (COC) e seus metabólitos podem não ser determinantes na interpretação da causa de morte, podendo ser útil o cotejamento com outros parâmetros, como os níveis de neurotrasmissores que representem o mecanismo de ação do fármaco. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a RPM da COC e seu metabólito benzoilecgonina (BE) em três segmentos do tecido encefálico (TE), no humor vítreo (HV) e sangue (SG), bem como determinar as concentrações de catecolaminas e indolaminas no encéfalo para avaliar a aplicação da neuroquímica post mortem (NPM) na toxicologia forense. No estudo de RPM foram quantificados os níveis de COC e BE em três segmentos do TE (córtex frontal, núcleos da base e cerebelo), no HV e no SG através de método por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) acoplada ao detector de arranjo de diodos. Os estudos de neuroquímica foram realizados empregando-se HPLC acoplada ao detector eletroquímico. Os resultados indicaram que as concentrações médias de COC foram maiores no TE, seguido por SG e HV (3,09, 2,92 e 1,71 &#181;g/mL, respectivamente), enquanto para BE foram maiores em SG, seguido por HV e TE (6,12, 1,39 e 0,87 &#181;g/mL, respectivamente). As concentrações de COC se apresentaram distribuídas uniformemente nos três segmentos de TE e apresentaram alta correlação com o HV. Adicionalmente, a média de concentrações de dopamina total foi maior no grupo de indivíduos com amostras positivas para COC, sendo verificado diferença significativa entre este grupo e o de indivíduos com amostras negativas para o fármaco de interesse. Os resultados demostraram que o estudo de RPM e da NPM constituem ferramentas aplicáveis na interpretação da causa e maneira de morte. / In case of intoxication, the interpretation of analytical results to assess the cause and process of death requires knowledge about toxicokinetics, toxicodynamic, postmortem redistribution, and autopsy elements. Cocaine-related deaths occur mainly after prolonged drugs use and the presence of cocaine (COC) in fluids or tissues does not prove that death was due to COC consumption, and the interpretation of postmortem concentrations is even more complicated than attempts at making such correlations in the living. The objectives of this study were to investigate the post mortem redistribution (PMR) of COC and its metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) in three segments of brain (frontal cortex, base nucleous, and cerebellum), vitreous humor, and blood. In additional, catecholamines and indolamines were quantified in brain in order to evaluate the usefulness of post mortem neurochemistry (PMN) in forensic toxicology. In PMR studies were quantified the COC and BE levels in three brain (BR) segments, in vitreous humor (VH), and blood (BL) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection, and for neurochemistry studies the neurotransmitters were quantified by HPLC with electrochemical detection. A homogenous distribution of COC and BE within frontal cortex, base nucleous, and cerebellum was found. The COC media concentrations were 3.09, 2.92 e 1.71&#181;g/mL in BR, BL and VH, respectively, and the BE media concentrations were 6.12, 1.39 e 0.87 &#181;g/mL in BL, VH, and BR, respectively. The COC concentrations in VH show high correlation with brain. The media total dopamine concentration was significant higher in COC positive group. These findings suggest that the studies of PMR and PMN by neurotransmitters levels may be useful to assess the cause and process of death.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marta Nascimento Moreira.pdf: 1449567 bytes, checksum: 8a785051f950b8c370f6c49955b9acd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Post-Mortem Assisted Reproduction is a subject that belongs to the contemporary world, brought to reality with the biotechnology development and reproduction medicine field progress, which made possible the conception after an individual s death. This subject brings many ethic, political, religious and economic issues that are discussed worldwid, including questions about parenthood, family, life and death. This qualitative research aimed at understanding the meanings given by a widow to her decision about what to do with the deceased husband s cryopreserved genetic material and also to analyze the relation between this decision and the bereavement process. This discussion includes two human relationship domains: the making and the breaking of an affective bond. Therefore, Attachment Theory and the Dual Process Model of Grief were used as background of this research, giving support to its analysis. A widow has willingly accepted to contribute for this study. By means of a semi-structured interview, it was possible to understand her relation with the deceased, the context in which the sperm was collected, the husband s death story and the widow s decision on what to do with the semen. Three important experiences affected her decision: her husband s struggle against cancer; after the husband s death; living a new loving relationship. The widow s decision was taken along with the bereavement process, during her husband s illness and death, and were understood as indicators of the bereavement process. Meanings attached to her bereavement process were identified, such as a possibility even with the partner s death, the product of a built loving relation and failure in accomplish the parental project / A Reprodução Assistida Post-Mortem é um assunto que pertence ao mundo contemporâneo, sendo real a partir do desenvolvimento das biotecnologias e avanços no campo da medicina reprodutiva, que tornaram possível a concepção de um filho após a morte de um indivíduo. O tema proporciona questionamentos éticos, jurídicos, políticos, religiosos, econômicos e envolve valores acerca da parentalidade, família, da vida e da morte. Esta pesquisa qualitativa teve por objetivo compreender os significados atribuídos pela viúva à sua decisão sobre o que fazer com o material genético criopreservado do cônjuge falecido e analisar a relação desta decisão com o processo de luto. Esta discussão abrange dois domínios das relações humanas: a formação de um vínculo e seu rompimento. A Teoria do Apego e a perspectiva do Modelo Dual do Luto fundamentaram teoricamente esta pesquisa, oferecendo respaldo para a análise. Participou desta pesquisa uma viúva, residente do estado da região sul do Brasil, que participou voluntariamente da pesquisa. Foi realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada sendo possível compreender a relação com o falecido, o contexto em que o sêmen foi coletado e criopreservado, a história da morte do cônjuge e a decisão da viúva sobre o que fazer com o sêmen. A decisão da viúva perpassou três contextos importantes: o enfrentamento do câncer do cônjuge; após a morte do cônjuge; a vivência de outra relação amorosa. A decisão da viúva ocorreu de maneira processual, acompanhando o processo de luto vivenciado pelo adoecimento e morte do cônjuge, funcionando como indicadores do processo de luto. Foram identificados significados como vida, em meio a possibilidade de morte do cônjuge, fruto de uma relação construída e fracasso pela não realização do projeto parental

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-04-23T13:12:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Augusta Alves Silva - 2014.pdf: 3616508 bytes, checksum: ff3549d426c3e4da5a2e979383c5aa23 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-04-23T13:15:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Augusta Alves Silva - 2014.pdf: 3616508 bytes, checksum: ff3549d426c3e4da5a2e979383c5aa23 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-23T13:15:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Augusta Alves Silva - 2014.pdf: 3616508 bytes, checksum: ff3549d426c3e4da5a2e979383c5aa23 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-12 / The toxicological analyzes on various samples are extremely important and can be used for multiple purposes, such as monitoring of drug addicts, forensic analysis, doping control, therapeutic monitoring, analyses of environmental contaminants, etc. The objective of this study was to analyze post - mortem blood samples of the Instituto de Criminalística de Goiás (IC) by immunochromatography and systematic toxicological analysis HPLC - PDA to check the presence or absence of toxic agents. The chromatographic conditions of the method were: mobile phase monobasic potassium phosphate buffer pH 2.3 and acetonitrile, flow rate 1 ml / min, Lichrospher RP8 column, 5μm, 250 x 4.0 mm, scanning range 200-380 nm, the calibration standards were MPPH system, caffeine, benzene and histamine. It was used the database proposed by UVTOX Pragst et al (2001). As part of the partial validation the matrix effect was evaluated by liquid-liquid extraction of whole blood samples contaminated with 8 standards in known concentration. The whole blood samples were extracted at different pH values and analyzed by HPLC -PDA. Through the areas obtained from each standard, it was calculated the standardized factor matrix which showed a coefficient of variation less than 10 %. In order to compare two screening techniques for detection of drugs of abuse, post-mortem blood samples from the IC (n = 35) were also analyzed by immunochromatography, yielding 10 samples positive for amphetamine, 3 for benzoylecgonine and 1 for Δ9THC. The ATS by HPLC – PDA analyses showed only 1 sample positive for benzoylecgonine, 2 samples for amphetamines, and 3 benzodiazepines. In the other samples, no substance toxicological interest was detected. Both immunochromatography as systematic toxicological analysis proved useful tools in screening post-mortem blood. / As análises toxicológicas em diversas amostras são de extrema importância e podem ter várias finalidades, como por exemplo, o monitoramento de dependentes químicos, análises forense, controle de doping, monitoramento terapêutico, análise de contaminantes ambientais dentre outras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar amostras de sangue post-mortem do Instituto de Criminalística de Goiás (IC) através de imunocromatografia e análise toxicológica sistemática por HPLC-PDA para a verificação da presença ou ausência de agentes tóxicos. As condições cromatográficas do método foram: fase móvel tampão fosfato de potássio monobásico pH 2,3 e acetonitrila, fluxo de 1 mL/min, coluna Lichrospher RP8, 5μm, 250 x 4,0mm, faixa de varredura de 200 a 380 nm. Os padrões de calibração utilizados foram MPPH, cafeína, benzeno e histamina. A base de dados utilizada foi a UVTOX proposta por Pragst e colaboradores (2001). Na validação parcial foi avaliado o efeito matriz através da extração líquido-líquido de amostras de sangue total contaminada com padrões de hidroclorotiazida, furosemida, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, amitriptilina, clordiazepóxido, nitrazepam e diazepam, na concentração de de 10 g/mL. As amostras de sangue total foram extraídas em diferentes valores de pH e analisadas por HPLC-PDA. Através das áreas obtidas de cada padrão, calculou-se o fator de matriz normalizado que apresentou coeficiente de variação inferior a 10%. Com o intuito de comparar duas técnicas de triagem para detecção de drogas de abuso, amostras de sangue post-mortem do IC (n=35) foram analisadas também por imunocromatografia, obtendo-se 10 amostras positivas para anfetamina, 3 para benzoilecgonina e 1 para Δ9THC. Por outro lado, na ATS por HPLC-PDA apenas 1 amostra foi positiva para benzoilecgonina, 2 anfetaminas, e outras 3 para benzodiazepínicos. Nas demais amostras não foi detectada nenhuma substância de interesse toxicológico. Tanto a imunocromatografia quanto a análise toxicológica sistemática se mostraram ferramentas úteis na triagem de sangue post-mortem.