Esse estudo teve como objetivos identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes em pacientes em pós-operatório imediato de colecistectomia, submetidos à anestesia geral com base na Taxonomia II da North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) e no Modelo Conceitual de Horta; analisar os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes nesses pacientes em relação aos fatores relacionados, características definidoras e fatores de risco e em relação ao seu estabelecimento e resolução no pós-operatório imediato; dentre os pacientes estudados que apresentaram o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem de Dor aguda, identificar as manifestações de dor apresentadas no pós-operatório imediato e compará-las com as características definidoras apresentadas pela NANDA e por outras literaturas. Para a etapa de coleta de dados, foi elaborado e validado um instrumento de coleta de dados com base no Modelo Conceitual de Wanda Horta. Foram avaliados 15 pacientes adultos no período pós-operatório imediato de colecistectomia laparoscópica, durante o período de setembro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005, no Centro de Recuperação Pós-anestésica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Para o estabelecimento dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, utilizou-se um modelo de processo raciocínio diagnóstico, sendo esses nomeados de acordo com a Taxonomia II da NANDA. Foram identificados nove diferentes diagnósticos de enfermagem: Integridade tissular prejudicada (100%), Risco para infecção (100%), Percepção sensorial perturbada (100%), Risco para aspiração (100%), Risco para função respiratória alterada (80%), Hipotermia (60%), Risco para temperatura corporal desequilibrada (40%), Nutrição desequilibrada: mais do que as necessidades corporais (33,3%) e Dor aguda (26,7%). Para cada diagnóstico foram identificados e discutidos os fatores relacionados e características definidoras. Os pacientes que manifestaram o diagnóstico de enfermagem de Dor aguda apresentaram as seguintes características definidoras: relato verbal, evidência observada, expressão facial e comportamento de defesa. Observamos que todas essas manifestações são características definidoras apresentadas pela NANDA (2002) para esse diagnóstico. Em relação ao seu estabelecimento e resolução no pós-operatório imediato, os diagnósticos de enfermagem Risco para aspiração, Percepção sensorial perturbada e Hipotermia foram resolvidos em 50 minutos após a sua identificação. Para os diagnósticos de Risco para função respiratória alterada, Risco para temperatura corporal desequilibrada e Dor aguda, o tempo médio de resolução foi de 63,7, 77,5 e 36 minutos, respectivamente. Destacamos que os diagnósticos de Integridade tissular prejudicada, Risco para infecção e Nutrição desequilibrada: mais do que as necessidades corporais estiveram presentes desde a admissão do paciente no Centro de recuperação pós-anestésica até o momento da alta do paciente. / This study aimed to identify what nursing diagnoses are present in patients who had been submitted to general anesthesia during the immediate post-operative period after cholecystectomy, based on North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) Taxonomy II and on Horta?s Conceptual Model; to analyze the nursing diagnoses that were present in these patients in terms of related factors, defining characteristics and risk factors, as well as with respect to their development and solution in the immediate post-operative period; to identify, among those study participants who presented the Nursing Diagnosis of Acute pain, the pain manifestations they presented during the immediate post-operative period and to compare them with the defining characteristics presented by NANDA and other literature sources. With a view to data collection, we elaborated and validated a data collection instrument on the basis of Wanda Horta?s Conceptual Model. 15 adult patients were evaluated in the immediate post-operative period after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, between September 2004 and January 2005, at the Post-Anesthesia Recovery Center of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. The nursing diagnoses were established by means of a diagnostic reasoning process model, and were named in accordance with NANDA Taxonomy II. We identified nine different nursing diagnoses: Impaired tissue integrity (100%), Risk for infection (100%), Sensory perception alterations (100%), Risk for aspiration (100%), Risk for altered respiratory function (80%), Hypothermia (60%), Risk for imbalanced body temperature (40%), Altered nutrition: more than body needs (33,3%) and Acute pain (26,7%). For each diagnosis, we identified and discussed the related factors and defining characteristics. Patients with the nursing diagnosis of Acute pain presented the following defining characteristics: verbal report, observed evidence, facial expression and defense behavior. We observe that all of these manifestations are defining characteristics NANDA (2002) presented for this diagnosis. With respect to their development and solution during the immediate post-operative period, the nursing diagnoses Risk for aspiration, Sensorial perception alterations and Hypothermia were solved within 50 minutes after their identification. For the diagnoses Risk for altered respiratory function, Risk for imbalanced body temperature and Acute pain, average solution time was 63.7, 77.5 and 36 minutes, respectively. We highlight that diagnoses of Impaired skin integrity, Risk for infection and Unbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements were present from the patient admission on Post anesthesia Care Unit until the patient?s discharge.

Bakgrund: Postoperativ shivering är ett fenomen som uppstår hos patienter efter kirurgi och anestesi, vilket innebär muskeltremor som får patienten att darra eller huttra okontrollerat. Shivering kopplas ofta till hypotermi även om det ensamt inte helt kan förklara uppkomsten. Det har en negativ effekt på läkningsprocessen, men är också obehagligt och gör att patienten lider. En del patienter beskriver upplevelsen som det värsta de har varit med om. Syfte: Att sammanställa anestesisjuksköterskans åtgärder för att förebygga shivering hos den postoperativa patienten. Metod: Vi har antagit induktiv ansats och gjort en systematisk litteraturöversikt, syntetiserat kvantitativ data som sammanställts i en metaanalys och narrativ syntes. Från artiklar som har liknande design och refererar till samma fråga eller intervention. Behandlingar och insatser kallas interventioner, vilket är ett brett begrepp och inkluderar både medicinska och omvårdnadsmässiga behandlingar för att förebygga och behandla postoperativ shivering. Resultat: För att kunna nå syftet att sammanställa åtgärder, behövdes först orsaker identifieras. Två kategorier identifierades, omvårdnadsåtgärder samt farmakologiska åtgärder, med tillhörande koder. Att åtgärda hypotermi, riskbedöma sårbara patientgrupper, ge premedicinering samt analgesi, ha en medvetenhet kring vätskebehandling samt övervakning av anestesidjup ansågs vara åtgärder för att förebygga postoperativ shivering. Olika läkemedel ger olika resultat i det postoperativa måendet. Slutsats: Mycket talar för att nedkylning och smärta måste motverkas för att minska shivering och bör behandlas preventivt. Medvetenheten kring vikten av temperaturövervakning bör ökas. Studien kom även fram till att en begreppsdefinition och standardmetod att behandla postoperativ shivering är önskvärt. / Background: Postoperative shivering is a phenomenon that occurs in patients after surgery and anesthesia, which means muscle tremors that cause the patient to tremble or shake uncontrollably. Shivering is often linked to hypothermia, although it alone cannot fully explain its occurrence. It has a negative effect on the healing process, but is also unpleasant and causes the patient to suffer. Some patients describe the experience as the worst they have been through. Aim: To compile the anesthesia nurse's measures to prevent shivering in the postoperative patient. Method: We have adopted an inductive approach and performed a systematic literature review, synthesized quantitative data compiled in a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. From articles that have a similar design and refer to the same question or intervention. Treatments and efforts are called interventions, which is a broad term and includes both medical and nursing treatments to prevent and treat postoperative shivering. Results: In order to achieve the aim of compiling measures, causes first needed to be identified. Two categories were identified, nursing measures and pharmacological measures, with associated codes. Correcting hypothermia, risk assessment of vulnerable patient groups, giving premedication and analgesia, having an awareness of fluid treatment and monitoring the depth of anesthesia were considered measures to prevent postoperative shivering. Different drugs give different results in the postoperative mood. Conclusion: Much suggests that cooling and pain must be counteracted to reduce shivering and should be treated preventively. Awareness of the importance of temperature monitoring should be increased. The study also concluded that a conceptual definition and standard method to treat postoperative shivering is desirable.

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