No description available.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate, through clinical testing, the interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the Interchange of Gases Assessment Tool (IGAST) for monitoring the respiratory status of patients in the Postanesthesia Care Unit. The IGAST was used to assess the respiratory status of 20 patients over three time periods (60 data samples). Findings indicated that interrater reliability of the IGAST was acceptable for clinical use in the PACU. The IGAST received a mean interrater reliability rating of 98% in the PACU setting. Results of the mean dimension scores supported the patients' readiness for discharge. Chart audit revealed that the IGAST had concurrent validity since charted information and rated IGAST items were congruent. Further findings suggested that nurses using the IGAST document the respiratory status of patients more completely and more consistently than nurses using narrative documentation.

Background: Post anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses provide patient care during the vulnerable postoperative period when patients are at greatest risk of experiencing respiratory management issues and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). In rural facilities such as Canyon Vista Medical Center (CVMC) in Sierra Vista, Arizona, limited staff and resource shortages can lead to suboptimal patient care conditions in the PACU setting. To compound the issue, PACU nurses in rural facilities rely on facility training and have little guidance on important patient care issues such as post anesthesia respiratory management. Quality improvement initiatives aimed at resolving knowledge deficits in settings such as these can improve both quality and patient safety via a more competent and educated PACU nursing staff. Purpose: To address an educational need among the CVMC PACU nursing staff with the implementation of a post anesthesia respiratory management educational intervention. Methods: A quasi-experimental one group pretest-posttest design using a targeted intervention based upon the knowledge to action (KTA) framework. The PACU setting was used to conduct the intervention with the nurse participants (N = 9). Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to determine intervention efficacy. Intervention: One 75-minute educational intervention divided into three consecutive phases. Results: A significant improvement in the nurses’ knowledge (p < .05) and perception of understanding of PACU respiratory management following the intervention (p < .05).

Ineffective pain management in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) increases patients' risk of adverse effects including decreased mobility, infection, chronic pain, depression, cardiopulmonary complications, increased length of stay, insomnia, fatigue, and overall decrease in quality of life. The PACU in a community hospital did not provide an evidence-based pain management guideline for nurses treating postoperative patients, resulting in nurses' concerns about providing pain management. The purpose of this project was to translate evidence on pain management into an evidence-based guideline for improved nursing practice in a PACU. Evidence was obtained from a detailed literature search using multiple databases and professional organizations' guidelines. Nursing practice guidelines were developed and evaluated by 3 expert panelists using the Agree II guidelines. The panelists selected included; Two anesthesiologists, one who is trained in pain management and is also a pharmacist. The third expert is a practicing nurse practitioner in an acute setting who is also a surgical first assist and the associate director of robotics. The panel endorsed the guidelines for advancement through the hospital's review committees. Implementation of the evidence-based pain management guideline in the PACU might provide nurses with tools to guide their interventions and improve patient outcomes. Social changes resulting from the use of evidence-based pain management guidelines include decreased time to opiate administration, decreased adverse effects, improved assessment of pain, and an increase in the number of patients who receive proper pain management.

Background: There are a number of different anesthetic techniques used in same-day surgery. The aim of the present study was to try to describe the postoperative clinical course and to identify factors that may be associated with the delay time from the surgical procedure was completed until discharge from hospital when intravenous anesthesia was used. Methods: A Quantitative Cross- sectional designed was used by using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: Total of 289 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 40 years and 63% were women and 37% men. Of the 289 patients’ only one required unanticipated admission over night at the hospital. The median delay from completed surgery until discharge from hospital was 2 hours and 5 minutes and the maximum delay was 5 hours and 55 minutes. All patients received general anesthesia with an intravenous as maintenance anesthesia. Important risk factors for increasing postoperative delay were the severity of the postoperative pain and thereby the requirement of opioids in the postoperative phase Conclusion: Then undergoing daytime surgery the median delay from completed surgery until hospital discharge was about two hours. Problems with postoperative pain was associated with a prolonged delay. Thus, in order to shorten the delay to hospital discharge even further the pain-relieving treatment needs to be enhanced.

No description available.

No description available.

Esse estudo teve como objetivos identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes em pacientes em pós-operatório imediato de colecistectomia, submetidos à anestesia geral com base na Taxonomia II da North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) e no Modelo Conceitual de Horta; analisar os diagnósticos de enfermagem presentes nesses pacientes em relação aos fatores relacionados, características definidoras e fatores de risco e em relação ao seu estabelecimento e resolução no pós-operatório imediato; dentre os pacientes estudados que apresentaram o Diagnóstico de Enfermagem de Dor aguda, identificar as manifestações de dor apresentadas no pós-operatório imediato e compará-las com as características definidoras apresentadas pela NANDA e por outras literaturas. Para a etapa de coleta de dados, foi elaborado e validado um instrumento de coleta de dados com base no Modelo Conceitual de Wanda Horta. Foram avaliados 15 pacientes adultos no período pós-operatório imediato de colecistectomia laparoscópica, durante o período de setembro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005, no Centro de Recuperação Pós-anestésica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Para o estabelecimento dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, utilizou-se um modelo de processo raciocínio diagnóstico, sendo esses nomeados de acordo com a Taxonomia II da NANDA. Foram identificados nove diferentes diagnósticos de enfermagem: Integridade tissular prejudicada (100%), Risco para infecção (100%), Percepção sensorial perturbada (100%), Risco para aspiração (100%), Risco para função respiratória alterada (80%), Hipotermia (60%), Risco para temperatura corporal desequilibrada (40%), Nutrição desequilibrada: mais do que as necessidades corporais (33,3%) e Dor aguda (26,7%). Para cada diagnóstico foram identificados e discutidos os fatores relacionados e características definidoras. Os pacientes que manifestaram o diagnóstico de enfermagem de Dor aguda apresentaram as seguintes características definidoras: relato verbal, evidência observada, expressão facial e comportamento de defesa. Observamos que todas essas manifestações são características definidoras apresentadas pela NANDA (2002) para esse diagnóstico. Em relação ao seu estabelecimento e resolução no pós-operatório imediato, os diagnósticos de enfermagem Risco para aspiração, Percepção sensorial perturbada e Hipotermia foram resolvidos em 50 minutos após a sua identificação. Para os diagnósticos de Risco para função respiratória alterada, Risco para temperatura corporal desequilibrada e Dor aguda, o tempo médio de resolução foi de 63,7, 77,5 e 36 minutos, respectivamente. Destacamos que os diagnósticos de Integridade tissular prejudicada, Risco para infecção e Nutrição desequilibrada: mais do que as necessidades corporais estiveram presentes desde a admissão do paciente no Centro de recuperação pós-anestésica até o momento da alta do paciente. / This study aimed to identify what nursing diagnoses are present in patients who had been submitted to general anesthesia during the immediate post-operative period after cholecystectomy, based on North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA) Taxonomy II and on Horta?s Conceptual Model; to analyze the nursing diagnoses that were present in these patients in terms of related factors, defining characteristics and risk factors, as well as with respect to their development and solution in the immediate post-operative period; to identify, among those study participants who presented the Nursing Diagnosis of Acute pain, the pain manifestations they presented during the immediate post-operative period and to compare them with the defining characteristics presented by NANDA and other literature sources. With a view to data collection, we elaborated and validated a data collection instrument on the basis of Wanda Horta?s Conceptual Model. 15 adult patients were evaluated in the immediate post-operative period after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, between September 2004 and January 2005, at the Post-Anesthesia Recovery Center of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. The nursing diagnoses were established by means of a diagnostic reasoning process model, and were named in accordance with NANDA Taxonomy II. We identified nine different nursing diagnoses: Impaired tissue integrity (100%), Risk for infection (100%), Sensory perception alterations (100%), Risk for aspiration (100%), Risk for altered respiratory function (80%), Hypothermia (60%), Risk for imbalanced body temperature (40%), Altered nutrition: more than body needs (33,3%) and Acute pain (26,7%). For each diagnosis, we identified and discussed the related factors and defining characteristics. Patients with the nursing diagnosis of Acute pain presented the following defining characteristics: verbal report, observed evidence, facial expression and defense behavior. We observe that all of these manifestations are defining characteristics NANDA (2002) presented for this diagnosis. With respect to their development and solution during the immediate post-operative period, the nursing diagnoses Risk for aspiration, Sensorial perception alterations and Hypothermia were solved within 50 minutes after their identification. For the diagnoses Risk for altered respiratory function, Risk for imbalanced body temperature and Acute pain, average solution time was 63.7, 77.5 and 36 minutes, respectively. We highlight that diagnoses of Impaired skin integrity, Risk for infection and Unbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements were present from the patient admission on Post anesthesia Care Unit until the patient?s discharge.

Acredita-se que a segurança do paciente na SRPA depende não só de equipamentos e recursos tecnológicos, mas de recursos humanos, que desenvolvam procedimentos e intervenções de enfermagem, pautados em conhecimento prático e científico, evitando, assim, a ocorrência de eventos adversos e complicações decorrentes da alta complexidade inerente ao processo anestésico-cirúrgico. Sendo assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram: caracterizar os pacientes em SRPA sociodemograficamente; identificar as complicações mais freqüentes; relacionar as complicações às intervenções de enfermagem realizadas; relacionar o esquema de jornada de trabalho dos enfermeiros às complicações. A amostra é composta por 400 prontuários de pacientes maiores de 18 anos, submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de grande e médio porte, admitidos na unidade de SRPA, com tempo de permanência superior à uma hora. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi aplicado para testar a normalidade de variáveis quantitativas. O teste exato de Fisher-Freeman-Halton foi utilizado na comparação de proporções em tabelas de contingência maiores que 2x2. Todas as probabilidades de significância com valores de p<0,005 como estatisticamente significantes. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos pacientes é do sexo masculino, com idade média de 53,3 anos (Dp=16,9 anos), com doença sistêmica leve ou moderada, sem limitação funcional. A comorbidade mais freqüente foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (40,7%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram gerais (62,7%) que incluíram abdominais, urológicas, ginecológicas, e vasculares de grande porte. A anestesia, predominante, foi geral (92,2%). Tempo de permanência em média 111,6 minutos (Dp=67,8). As complicações mais freqüentes foram dor (54%) e hipotermia (43%). Algumas complicações apresentaram relação estatisticamente significante com relação à intervenção de enfermagem como dor e rotina(p<0,0001); dor e oxigenioterapia (p 0,0013); dor e medicação(p 0,0001) e dor e curativo (p<0,0005). Outra complicação que significante foi agitação/ansiedade com intervenção de enfermagem de rotina (p 0,0194) e agitação/ansiedade com oxigenioterapia (p 0,0099). A complicação hipotensão relacionou-se positivamente com a intervenção de enfermagem hidratação (p<0,0005); exames complementares ( p 0,0381) e observação(p 0,0141). A hipertensão apresentou-se estatisticamente significante somente com a relação à observação (p<0,0005). O tremor apresentou relação, significativa com a colocação de manta térmica (p 0,0171) e transfusão sangüínea (p 0,0445); náuseas e vômitos relacionaram-se com a intervenção rotina(p 0,0004), medicação(p<0,0001) e sondagem vesical de alívio(p 0,0224). O sangramento respondeu significantemente à intervenção de rotina (p 0,0064), medicação (p 0,0008) e curativos (p<0,0005). A hipoxemia foi, estatisticamente significante quando relacionada à rotina(p 0,0002) e a oxigenioterapia (p<0,0001). A hipotermia teve uma relação significativa com rotina (p<0,0001), manta térmica (p<0,0001), medicação (p<0,0001). Dor (p 0,0224), náuseas e vômitos (p 0,0131), agitação (p 0,0490) e sangramento (p 0,0001) são complicações que se relacionaram significativamente de forma positiva à jornada de trabalho quando se fixou um enfermeiro na SRPA / There is a believe that patient security at SRPA depends not only on equipments and technological resources, but from human resources that develop procedures and nursing interventions based on practical and scientific knowledge, avoiding adverse events occurrences and complications due to the high complexity inherent in the surgical-anesthesia process. So, the objectives of this study were: characterize SRPA patients socio-demographically; identify the most frequent complications; relate complications to nursing interventions proceeded; relate nurses working journey to complications. The sample is composed by 400 over 18 years old patients\' records, submitted to big/medium surgical procedures, admitted at SRPA unit, standing there for more then one hour. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test quantity variables normality. The Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test was used to compare the proportions on tables bigger then 2x2. All probabilities with significance values from p<0.005 were considered statistically significant. Results show that most of the patients are male, average age 53.3 years old (dP=16.9 years old), with light or moderate systemic ill without functional limitations. Most frequent comorbidity is systemic arterial hypertension (40.7%). Most frequent surgeries were general surgeries (62.7%) which included abdominal, urological, gynecological, and big vascular ones. General anesthesia was the predominant one (92.2%). Average staying time 111.6 minutes (dP=67.8). Most frequent complications were pain (54%) and hypodermis (43%). Some complications showed significant statistical relation between the nursing intervention such as pain and routine (p<0.0001); pain and oxigentherapy (p<0.0013); pain and medication (p<0.0001) and pain and curative (p<0.0005). Another significant complication was agitation/anxiety with a nursing routine intervention (p<0.0194) and agitation/anxiety with oxigentherapy (p<0.0099). Hypotension complication was positively related with the hydrate nursing intervention (p<0.0005); complementary tests (p<0.0381) and observation (p<0.0141). Hypertension was presented statistically significant just related to the observation (p<0.0005). Tremble presented significant relation with using a thermal blanket (p 0.0171) and blood transfusion (p 0.0445); sickness and vomit were related to routine intervention (p 0.0004), medication (p<0.0001) and relieve bladder poll (p 0.0224). Bleeding responded significantly to routine intervention (p 0.0064), medication (p 0.0008) and curatives (p<0.0005). Hypoxemia was statistically significant when related to routine (p 0.0002) and oxygentherapy (p<0.0001). Hypothermia was significantly related to routine (p<0.0001), thermal blanket (p<0.0001), medication (p<0.0001). Pain (p 0.0224), sickness and vomit (p 0.0131), agitation (p 0.0490) and bleeding (p 0.0001) are complications that are significantly positively related to working journey when a nurse was fixed at the SRPA

Acredita-se que a segurança do paciente na SRPA depende não só de equipamentos e recursos tecnológicos, mas de recursos humanos, que desenvolvam procedimentos e intervenções de enfermagem, pautados em conhecimento prático e científico, evitando, assim, a ocorrência de eventos adversos e complicações decorrentes da alta complexidade inerente ao processo anestésico-cirúrgico. Sendo assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram: caracterizar os pacientes em SRPA sociodemograficamente; identificar as complicações mais freqüentes; relacionar as complicações às intervenções de enfermagem realizadas; relacionar o esquema de jornada de trabalho dos enfermeiros às complicações. A amostra é composta por 400 prontuários de pacientes maiores de 18 anos, submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de grande e médio porte, admitidos na unidade de SRPA, com tempo de permanência superior à uma hora. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi aplicado para testar a normalidade de variáveis quantitativas. O teste exato de Fisher-Freeman-Halton foi utilizado na comparação de proporções em tabelas de contingência maiores que 2x2. Todas as probabilidades de significância com valores de p<0,005 como estatisticamente significantes. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos pacientes é do sexo masculino, com idade média de 53,3 anos (Dp=16,9 anos), com doença sistêmica leve ou moderada, sem limitação funcional. A comorbidade mais freqüente foi a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (40,7%). As cirurgias mais realizadas foram gerais (62,7%) que incluíram abdominais, urológicas, ginecológicas, e vasculares de grande porte. A anestesia, predominante, foi geral (92,2%). Tempo de permanência em média 111,6 minutos (Dp=67,8). As complicações mais freqüentes foram dor (54%) e hipotermia (43%). Algumas complicações apresentaram relação estatisticamente significante com relação à intervenção de enfermagem como dor e rotina(p<0,0001); dor e oxigenioterapia (p 0,0013); dor e medicação(p 0,0001) e dor e curativo (p<0,0005). Outra complicação que significante foi agitação/ansiedade com intervenção de enfermagem de rotina (p 0,0194) e agitação/ansiedade com oxigenioterapia (p 0,0099). A complicação hipotensão relacionou-se positivamente com a intervenção de enfermagem hidratação (p<0,0005); exames complementares ( p 0,0381) e observação(p 0,0141). A hipertensão apresentou-se estatisticamente significante somente com a relação à observação (p<0,0005). O tremor apresentou relação, significativa com a colocação de manta térmica (p 0,0171) e transfusão sangüínea (p 0,0445); náuseas e vômitos relacionaram-se com a intervenção rotina(p 0,0004), medicação(p<0,0001) e sondagem vesical de alívio(p 0,0224). O sangramento respondeu significantemente à intervenção de rotina (p 0,0064), medicação (p 0,0008) e curativos (p<0,0005). A hipoxemia foi, estatisticamente significante quando relacionada à rotina(p 0,0002) e a oxigenioterapia (p<0,0001). A hipotermia teve uma relação significativa com rotina (p<0,0001), manta térmica (p<0,0001), medicação (p<0,0001). Dor (p 0,0224), náuseas e vômitos (p 0,0131), agitação (p 0,0490) e sangramento (p 0,0001) são complicações que se relacionaram significativamente de forma positiva à jornada de trabalho quando se fixou um enfermeiro na SRPA / There is a believe that patient security at SRPA depends not only on equipments and technological resources, but from human resources that develop procedures and nursing interventions based on practical and scientific knowledge, avoiding adverse events occurrences and complications due to the high complexity inherent in the surgical-anesthesia process. So, the objectives of this study were: characterize SRPA patients socio-demographically; identify the most frequent complications; relate complications to nursing interventions proceeded; relate nurses working journey to complications. The sample is composed by 400 over 18 years old patients\' records, submitted to big/medium surgical procedures, admitted at SRPA unit, standing there for more then one hour. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test quantity variables normality. The Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test was used to compare the proportions on tables bigger then 2x2. All probabilities with significance values from p<0.005 were considered statistically significant. Results show that most of the patients are male, average age 53.3 years old (dP=16.9 years old), with light or moderate systemic ill without functional limitations. Most frequent comorbidity is systemic arterial hypertension (40.7%). Most frequent surgeries were general surgeries (62.7%) which included abdominal, urological, gynecological, and big vascular ones. General anesthesia was the predominant one (92.2%). Average staying time 111.6 minutes (dP=67.8). Most frequent complications were pain (54%) and hypodermis (43%). Some complications showed significant statistical relation between the nursing intervention such as pain and routine (p<0.0001); pain and oxigentherapy (p<0.0013); pain and medication (p<0.0001) and pain and curative (p<0.0005). Another significant complication was agitation/anxiety with a nursing routine intervention (p<0.0194) and agitation/anxiety with oxigentherapy (p<0.0099). Hypotension complication was positively related with the hydrate nursing intervention (p<0.0005); complementary tests (p<0.0381) and observation (p<0.0141). Hypertension was presented statistically significant just related to the observation (p<0.0005). Tremble presented significant relation with using a thermal blanket (p 0.0171) and blood transfusion (p 0.0445); sickness and vomit were related to routine intervention (p 0.0004), medication (p<0.0001) and relieve bladder poll (p 0.0224). Bleeding responded significantly to routine intervention (p 0.0064), medication (p 0.0008) and curatives (p<0.0005). Hypoxemia was statistically significant when related to routine (p 0.0002) and oxygentherapy (p<0.0001). Hypothermia was significantly related to routine (p<0.0001), thermal blanket (p<0.0001), medication (p<0.0001). Pain (p 0.0224), sickness and vomit (p 0.0131), agitation (p 0.0490) and bleeding (p 0.0001) are complications that are significantly positively related to working journey when a nurse was fixed at the SRPA