This study explores the impact Social media has on the postpartum depression experience. To date, no work has examined the association between social media and postpartum depression. This research is an exploration into the use and impact of social media on individuals with postpartum depression. One hundred and three participants provided information about their demographics, experience with depression, treatment options, use of social media and preferred method of support. This information was gathered and analyzed via a web-based survey instrument. Descriptive statistics was used to compare responses on the internet based questionnaire. The study findings show that Social Media has a positive impact on individual that experience postpartum depression. Most participants indicted that social media assisted in offering emotional, informational and appraisal support through social media. In addition, it appears that a majority of study participants had a positive experience with social media. The greatest use through social networking and social knowledge sites.

Much information is available through the print and other forms of media about pregnancy, parenthood, and the birth process, but significantly less information exists about postnatal depression or about how to cope with the often-painful realities of childbirth and parenting. Even less information exists about the effectiveness of caregiver intervention, especially from the point of view of womens' remembered experience. This study helps to fill the information gap identified in the literature. This is a hermeneutic phenomenological study guided by the ideas of van Manen (1990). I interviewed women who had experienced postnatal depression and health professional intervention, and asked them about their experiences. Some of the questions were, "What are the types and quality of health professional interventions provided for you by health professionals treating your postnatal depression?" "Which interventions did they use that were helpful for you, and which interventions were unhelpful?" The interviews were open-ended and tape-recorded, took one hour each, and the data was allowed to unfold naturally. The data were transcribed and analysed, then interpreted using the philosophical underpinning of phenomenology to guide my interpretation. The search for meaning in the text, and my attempts to make sense of the findings resulted in the development of two major themes, the first being Dual Reality and the second being Interventions, each theme had three sub-themes. Within the theme of Dual Reality were the sub themes of Behind the Mask, the Stresses involved in Being a New Mother, and The Depression Experience. Within the theme of Interventions were the three sub themes of Getting Help (the helpful interventions), Lack of Support, (the unhelpful interventions), and the Need for Education and More Services for Postnatal Depression (the missing interventions). The helpful and unhelpful health professional interventions were examined, some were positive and helped the women to heal from postnatal depression, and others were unhelpful (or simply absent), and the women were not assisted in their recovery. A number of recommendations are made and also suggestions for further research are included as a result of the findings of this study. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Department of Clinical Nursing, 2005.

With an increasing amount of attention being paid to maternal mental health and the knowledge that maternal depression has the potential to adversely affect the breastfeeding relationship, the demand for appropriate breastfeeding support for mothers struggling with postpartum depression is on the rise. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the objective of this thesis research was to explore the lived experience of breastfeeding in women with postpartum depression to enhance understanding of what it means for these women to feel supported by registered nurses. After obtaining ethical and operational approval, recruitment began in September 2011 via the Saskatoon Postpartum Depression Support Program, a community wellness program offered by the Saskatoon Health Region. The researcher conducted in-depth, conversation-style interviews with five postpartum mothers. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analyzed according to emerging themes. The lived experience of breastfeeding with postpartum depression presented itself across interviews as overarching patterns, which are expressed by the following four themes: making the decision to breastfeed and having great expectations; learning the moves and wanting reassurance (establishing the breastfeeding relationship); breastfeeding in the dark (maintaining the breastfeeding relationship while trying to manage the symptoms of depression); keeping it under wraps and waiting it out (the issue of support). The mothers in this study valued the breastfeeding relationship when it went well; however, breastfeeding difficulties intensified symptoms of depression. Mothers who made the decision to breastfeed their infants needed ongoing support from healthcare professionals and loved ones to continue to breastfeed when faced with the debilitating symptoms of postpartum depression. This research concluded that women need increased anticipatory guidance to be prepared for the demands of motherhood. Women who are at risk for postpartum depression need appropriate treatment throughout the perinatal period and beyond. To these ends nurses must enhance their role as breastfeeding and postpartum depression educators across an extended perinatal period. Nurses should work along with other healthcare providers (midwives, social workers, physicians) to assess the effectiveness and appropriateness of prenatal classes as they are currently offered. Increased emphasis should be focused on newborn feeding and care for mother and baby postnatally in conjunction with prenatal preparation for birth itself. The issue of professional nursing support for breastfeeding must be explored from a sociopolitical context in order to determine if nurses have the cultural and institutional support they need to provide responsive care to mothers and babies. Enhanced support for breastfeeding certification among frontline staff is recommended. It is also recommended that staffing guidelines to decrease nurse-to-client ratios be implemented in order to give nurses the time needed to support mothers as they work through breastfeeding challenges (especially those mothers at risk for postpartum depression). Further, nurses need to enhance efforts to engage mothers and their families in a participatory manner so that knowledge gleaned results in responsive interventions.

Bakgrund: 13 procent av alla kvinnor drabbas av postpartum depression (PPD). PPD påverkar inte bara kvinnan som individ utan även barnet och resten av familjen. Syfte: Att belysa de faktorer som på olika sätt har betydelse vid postpartum depression. Metod: Litteraturstudie. Artiklar har sökts i databaserna Cinahl, PsychInfo och PubMed. Arton kvantitativa artiklar har använts i studien. Resultat: Visade att kvinnor med tidigare depressions- och ångestsjukdomar löpte störst risk att drabbas av PPD. Mätinstrumenten som prövats för att förutse PPD under graviditet visade sig ha en känslighet för upptäckt på mellan 40-78%. Det visade sig även att förebyggande insatser för kvinnor i riskzonen inte hade någon effekt på utvecklandet av depressionssymtom postnatalt. Slutsats: Även om vi inte kan förhindra uppkomsten av PPD så är det ändå av vikt att vara medveten om de riskfaktorer som finns. Med den kunskapen kan vi tidigt upptäcka dessa kvinnor. Det ger möjlighet till ett ökat stöd och adekvata hjälpinsatser vilket kan begränsa omfattningen av sjukdomen.

Background Postnatal depression (PND) has become a world-wide public health problem. Maternal Child Health Centers (MCHCs) provide maternal and child healthcare with community-based Comprehensive Child Development Services (CCDS) aimed for early identification for provision of appropriate referral for intervention. There were 13.8% suspected PND cases in 2011(Department of Health PND Report, 2011). Antenatal Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) has found efficacious for high depression risk (HDR) pregnant women. Evidence-based practice (EBP) antenatal IPT guideline best suited for MCHCs implementation. Purpose This dissertation intends to develop an effective EBP antenatal IPT guideline for HDR pregnant women, and to offer plans for implementation and evaluation. Methods Six electronic databases searched for updated relevant studies. Randomized controlled trails (RCTs) with antenatal IPT intervention for HDR pregnant women targeted. Evidence data related to EBP guideline development were extracted for critical appraisal. Program implementation potentials assessed for transferability, feasibility and cost-benefit ratio. Guideline with level of evidence and recommendation grading developed. Communication plan for different stakeholders and potential users were developed. Pilot test planned for process evaluation. Impact evaluation, outcome evaluation and economic evaluation planned to verify empirical evidences to initial changes in MCHCs. Results Eight RCTs studies, which compare group receiving antenatal IPT intervention with routine antenatal education group, were reviewed. Target population was HDR pregnant women. Antenatal IPT intervention found effective for HDR pregnant women with PND. The studies suggest antenatal IPT intervention give0.89 reductions in EPDS, improved psychological well-being, 0.77 reductions in GHQ and improved role competence2.43 increases in PSOC-E. After critical appraisal of reviewed studies, antenatal IPT guideline developed. Pregnant women should be screened between 20 to 32 gestation weeks. Those with EPDS≥13 scores should enrolled into two 2-hour antenatal IPT program educated by trained nurse educators in class size ≤10. Those refusing to join the program receive routine education. Three-point measurements of EPDS, GHQ and PSOC-E at baseline, postnatal 6 to 8 weeks and 3 to 6 months of both groups are conducted. Postnatal EPDS ≥13 participants referred for psychiatric services upon their consent. Program will propose implementation in MCHCs. Steering Committee is established and communicates with various stakeholders. Pilot test implement in one MCHC and reviewed for clinical applicability, feasibility and to obtain process evaluation for quality improvement. Program should have quasi-experimental non- equivalent pretest-posttest control group and analyze data with ‘two-sample t-test’, ‘paired t-tests’ and ‘chi-square test’. Target achievement should be: i. Primary outcomes: EPDS score reduced to0.89, GHQ reduced to0.77 and PSOC-E score increased to2.43; ii. Secondary outcomes: Reduction of PND incidence and PND management caseloads by 20%. Participants’ gestation ages, program attendance and satisfactory rates recorded. Economic evaluation indicates for every $1invested, the return is $8.45, program is a sound investment suggested. Conclusions Eight RCT studies provide evidence that antenatal IPT program is effective for HDR pregnant women in reducing PND, and in promoting higher maternal role efficacy level and psychological well-being. Implementation of this EBP program guideline can potentially help PND prevention and ease antenatal depression management of HDR pregnant women in MCHCs. / published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Postpartum depression is recognized as an important maternal and child health issue. Postpartum depression is the most common perinatal psychiatric disorder and one of the most common complications of childbirth. Studies show prevalence rates in women ranging from 10% to 25%. Postpartum depression affects the emotional wellbeing of mothers, infant behavior, mother-infant bonding, and marital relationships. However, the majority of women who experience postpartum depression do not seek care. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the demographic differences between women in Georgia who report symptoms of postpartum depression but do not seek care, versus women who report postpartum depression symptoms and seek care. Approximately 15% of respondents in this study reported postpartum depression. Of these women, approximately 80% did not seek care for their symptoms. This analysis found that women with the following characteristics were more likely to not seek care for depression: non-White and Hispanic women; women that were uninsured before their pregnancy; women that had their prenatal care paid for by Medicaid or the Military; and women who did not seek care for depression during their pregnancy. The results of this study may help to guide the implementation of public health interventions among postpartum women in Georgia.

No description available.

Bakgrund: 10-15% av alla nyblivna svenska mödrar drabbas idag av postpartum depression, även kallat förlossningsdepression. Sjukdomen uppkommer i samband med barnets födelse och utvecklas oftast inom två månader efter förlossningen. Postpartum depression påverkar moderns självbild och kan skapa problematik i anknytningen mellan modern och det nyfödda barnet. Syfte: Belysa mödrars upplevelser i samband med postpartum depression. Metod: Studien är baserad på sex självbiografier och är genomförd utifrån en kvalitativ ansats där resultatet har bearbetats med stöd av en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom fem huvudkategorier: Lycka blev en obekant känsla, Förväntningarna på moderskapet uppfylldes inte, En främling för sig själv fångad i negativa tankar, När bägaren rann över samt Ljusa stunder. Ett tydligt fynd är att mödrarna känner stor besvikelse över att förväntningarna på postpartum perioden inte överensstämmer med verkligheten samt oförståelse över sina negativa tankar som överrumplade dem. Slutsats(er): Resultatet påvisar att postpartum depression måste synligöras bättre för att fler mödrar som drabbats ska våga söka hjälp. En bredare kunskap inom vården kan möjliggöra att postpartum depression uppmärksammas bättre.  Även allmänsjuksköterskor bör lära sig att uppmärksamma sjukdomen för att kunna fånga upp dessa mödrar i ett tidigt skede.

Postnatal depression (PND) is a serious and debilitating condition that disrupts women's lives at a time when they are already under stress, adapting to the substantial demands having a baby creates. PND is linked with adverse effects on the development of the child and the family system, including poor marital adjustment and elevated levels of depression in male partners. Implications, not only for men's health, but also for the amount and quality of support men can provide for their partners and children are far-reaching. Preventative programmes for the treatment of PND have been widely advocated, but are rare in the literature. Even fewer, are treatment programmes that include male partners. This study compared the efficacy of a structured Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) programme for the treatment of PND, delivered in 3 different ways, within an Australian semi-rurallcoastal community. Thirty-nine women, diagnosed with PND, completed 10 weeks of either 'individual' (n=9), 'group women only' (n=16) or 'group partners involved' (n=14) intervention and were compared with a control support group (n=7). Pre-intervention, women in the study reported the presence of a number of psychosocial risk factors for PND and almost 20% of the men in this sample were also depressed according to the BDI-II. Partners of the women in the 'group partners involved' treatment completed a 6-week CBT group programme especially designed for men (n=13). Partners of the women involved in the other interventions acted as a control group (n=16). Depression, anxiety, parenting stress, relationship adjustment and social support measures were taken using standardized instruments at pre-intervention, post-test and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Qualitative information about the experiences of PND and the intervention programme was obtained through focus group interviews. The intervention programme was evaluated by questionnaire by both participants and their general practitioners or allied health professionals who had referred them to the programme. Results indicated that, overall, the 10-week, structured CBT programme was far more effective in treating PND than attending a support group. Over time, group therapy outperformed individual therapy for depression and anxiety. Including partners in intervention meant significantly improved outcomes at 6-month follow-up for depression, anxiety and relationship adjustment for women. When male partners were included, women's social support levels were significantly higher at 3-month follow-up. Post-intervention men who participated in the men's group were significantly less depressed and stressed, and showed higher levels of social support than controls. The intervention programme was rated highly by both participants and referrers for effectiveness and acceptability, with the psychoeducational information and CBT strategies rated as the most useful components. Participants viewed the inclusion of male partners in PND treatment as fundamental and strongly recommended increased community and professional awareness of PND and its consequences. The important implications for clinical practice and resource allocation raised by this study are addressed.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007. / Title from file title page. Wendy Simonds, committee chair; Ralph LaRossa, Phil Davis, committee members. Electronic text (101 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 5, 2007. Includes bibliographical references.