Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of English, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Inspirando-se em Michel Foucault, especialmente em suas contribuições acerca das relações de poder e da ética do cuidado de si, esta pesquisa teve por finalidade responder o seguinte problema: de que forma se dá a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, a partir do dispositivo do tempo? Partiu-se, assim, do método genealógico, presente em Nietzsche e retomado pelo filósofo francês, para compreender as relações de forças por meio das quais o pesquisador é produzido. Ressalta-se que a genealogia não pressupõe essências imutáveis, dadas a priori, pois, para ela, o próprio sujeito é compreendido enquanto efeito de um determinado estado de forças. Assim, buscou-se o conhecimento das condições e circunstâncias nas quais o sujeito pesquisador nasceu,desenvolveu-se e modificou-se ou, em outras palavras, buscou-se seu nascimento empírico.Para compreender a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, a categoria de dispositivo teve papel fundamental, já que serviu como operador metodológico auxiliando na análise das práticas discursivas, de poder e de subjetivação. Dentre os diversos dispositivos envolvidos na constituição do sujeito pesquisador, optou-se por enfocar o dispositivo do tempo. Este foi proposto enquanto uma hipótese teórica pelo autor deste trabalho e teve por finalidade dar visibilidade ao campo de forças no qual o pesquisador é engendrado. A análise desse dispositivo recorreu a elementos diversos e heterogêneos, tais como editais, regulamentos,leis, páginas da internet, entre outros. Também foram realizadas 9 entrevistas e consultadas outras 21 (vinte e uma) realizadas por Gois (2012,2013). A partir das análises realizadas foi possível desenhar uma cartografia das linhas de produção da subjetividade do pesquisador, percebendo-se, por meio da escola-universidade, o sequestro de sua existência. Notou-se um imperativo para que o tempo do pesquisador seja cada vez mais utilizado de forma exaustiva e produtiva. Contribui para isso uma série de elementos como as bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (ofertadas por meio de editais do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), o currículo lattes, as avaliações dos cursos de pós-graduação (realizados pela Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), dentre outros. Contudo, se o dispositivo do tempo age sobre os pesquisadores dando-lhes certos contornos, surgem, em oposição, as resistências – expressas especialmente por meio do exercício da reflexão enquanto uma prática de liberdade. Diante disso, como conclusão, ressaltou-se que a forma pesquisador encontra na Universidade um lugar privilegiado de ser. Há, entretanto, à margem dessa moldura que constitui o pesquisador nas universidades sujeitos que fazem pesquisa e que escapam às formas de subjetivação sofridas pelo dispositivo do tempo. Ressalta-se, desse modo, a necessidade de criar outras formas de existência e subjetivação que transponham o dispositivo do tempo. / Inspired by Michel Foucault, especially in his contributions on the power relations and ethics of self-care, this research aimed to answer the following problem: how is the researcher subject constituted , in the State University of Maringá, from the device of time? The author of this work used the genealogical methodol present in Nietzsche and retaken by the French philosopher to understand the power relations through which the researcher is produced. It is important to remember that the genealogy does not presuppose immutable essences which are given a priori, because, for it, the subject is understood as the effect of a given state forces. Thus, we sought to understand the conditions and circumstances in which the researcher subject was born, developed and changed, or, in other words, we sought his empirical birth. In order to understand the formation of the researcher subject, the category of device had fundamental importance, since it served as methodological operator aiding in the analysis of discursive practices, power practices and subjectivity process. Among the various devices involved in the constitution of the researcher subject, we chose to focus on the device of time. This one was proposed as a theoretical hypothesis by the author of this work and aimed to give visibility to the field of forces in which the researcher is engendered. The analysis of this device used several and heterogeneous elements, such as public notices, regulations, laws,websites, among others. Nine interviews were also conducted and other twenty-one (made by Gois, 2012, 2013) were consulted. From the analysis it was possible to draw a cartography of the production lines of the researcher's subjectivity, perceiving through school-university the kidnapping of his existence. It was noted a must for the time of the researcher to be increasingly used in an extensive and productive way. A number of factors such as reward research productivity (given by of the Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), the lattes curriculum, assessments of post-graduate (made by the Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), among others contributed for this. If on one hand the device of time acts on researchers by giving them certain contours, on the other had resistance emerges in opposition – especially expressed through the exercise of reflection as a practice of freedom. Thus, in conclusion, it was emphasized that the researcher form finds a special place to be in the University. There are, however, researcher subjects who are escaping the forms of subjectivity experienced by the device of time that are outside this frame that constitutes the researcher in the universities. It is noteworthy, therefore, the need for other forms of existence and subjectivity that transpose the device of time.

Inspirando-se em Michel Foucault, especialmente em suas contribuições acerca das relações de poder e da ética do cuidado de si, esta pesquisa teve por finalidade responder o seguinte problema: de que forma se dá a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, a partir do dispositivo do tempo? Partiu-se, assim, do método genealógico, presente em Nietzsche e retomado pelo filósofo francês, para compreender as relações de forças por meio das quais o pesquisador é produzido. Ressalta-se que a genealogia não pressupõe essências imutáveis, dadas a priori, pois, para ela, o próprio sujeito é compreendido enquanto efeito de um determinado estado de forças. Assim, buscou-se o conhecimento das condições e circunstâncias nas quais o sujeito pesquisador nasceu,desenvolveu-se e modificou-se ou, em outras palavras, buscou-se seu nascimento empírico.Para compreender a constituição do sujeito pesquisador, a categoria de dispositivo teve papel fundamental, já que serviu como operador metodológico auxiliando na análise das práticas discursivas, de poder e de subjetivação. Dentre os diversos dispositivos envolvidos na constituição do sujeito pesquisador, optou-se por enfocar o dispositivo do tempo. Este foi proposto enquanto uma hipótese teórica pelo autor deste trabalho e teve por finalidade dar visibilidade ao campo de forças no qual o pesquisador é engendrado. A análise desse dispositivo recorreu a elementos diversos e heterogêneos, tais como editais, regulamentos,leis, páginas da internet, entre outros. Também foram realizadas 9 entrevistas e consultadas outras 21 (vinte e uma) realizadas por Gois (2012,2013). A partir das análises realizadas foi possível desenhar uma cartografia das linhas de produção da subjetividade do pesquisador, percebendo-se, por meio da escola-universidade, o sequestro de sua existência. Notou-se um imperativo para que o tempo do pesquisador seja cada vez mais utilizado de forma exaustiva e produtiva. Contribui para isso uma série de elementos como as bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (ofertadas por meio de editais do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), o currículo lattes, as avaliações dos cursos de pós-graduação (realizados pela Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), dentre outros. Contudo, se o dispositivo do tempo age sobre os pesquisadores dando-lhes certos contornos, surgem, em oposição, as resistências – expressas especialmente por meio do exercício da reflexão enquanto uma prática de liberdade. Diante disso, como conclusão, ressaltou-se que a forma pesquisador encontra na Universidade um lugar privilegiado de ser. Há, entretanto, à margem dessa moldura que constitui o pesquisador nas universidades sujeitos que fazem pesquisa e que escapam às formas de subjetivação sofridas pelo dispositivo do tempo. Ressalta-se, desse modo, a necessidade de criar outras formas de existência e subjetivação que transponham o dispositivo do tempo. / Inspired by Michel Foucault, especially in his contributions on the power relations and ethics of self-care, this research aimed to answer the following problem: how is the researcher subject constituted , in the State University of Maringá, from the device of time? The author of this work used the genealogical methodol present in Nietzsche and retaken by the French philosopher to understand the power relations through which the researcher is produced. It is important to remember that the genealogy does not presuppose immutable essences which are given a priori, because, for it, the subject is understood as the effect of a given state forces. Thus, we sought to understand the conditions and circumstances in which the researcher subject was born, developed and changed, or, in other words, we sought his empirical birth. In order to understand the formation of the researcher subject, the category of device had fundamental importance, since it served as methodological operator aiding in the analysis of discursive practices, power practices and subjectivity process. Among the various devices involved in the constitution of the researcher subject, we chose to focus on the device of time. This one was proposed as a theoretical hypothesis by the author of this work and aimed to give visibility to the field of forces in which the researcher is engendered. The analysis of this device used several and heterogeneous elements, such as public notices, regulations, laws,websites, among others. Nine interviews were also conducted and other twenty-one (made by Gois, 2012, 2013) were consulted. From the analysis it was possible to draw a cartography of the production lines of the researcher's subjectivity, perceiving through school-university the kidnapping of his existence. It was noted a must for the time of the researcher to be increasingly used in an extensive and productive way. A number of factors such as reward research productivity (given by of the Conselho Nacional de desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), the lattes curriculum, assessments of post-graduate (made by the Coordenação de Pessoal de Ensino Superior), among others contributed for this. If on one hand the device of time acts on researchers by giving them certain contours, on the other had resistance emerges in opposition – especially expressed through the exercise of reflection as a practice of freedom. Thus, in conclusion, it was emphasized that the researcher form finds a special place to be in the University. There are, however, researcher subjects who are escaping the forms of subjectivity experienced by the device of time that are outside this frame that constitutes the researcher in the universities. It is noteworthy, therefore, the need for other forms of existence and subjectivity that transpose the device of time.

The purpose of this study was to describe staff nurses' perceptions of their power bases in their work environment. Power, the capacity to set conditions, make decisions and take action that influences others, is an increasingly important issue within the nursing profession. In the nursing literature, nurses have been encouraged to consider the power to influence nursing care as an attainable goal and a necessary element in the change process. Empowering staff nurses may become a strategy for coping with the nursing manpower shortage. However, research about nursing power has focused on the nurse manager and little is written about staff nurses' perception of their power. A grounded theory research design was used to collect and analyze data. Data were collected through interviews of nine staff nurses in a 369 bed British Columbia community hospital. A comparative content analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the staff nurse participants were able to recognize certain factors in their work environment that impacted on their sense of power. The nature of nurses' work and the communication of information were found to be the most significant factors. The communication of information was perceived to positively influence nurses' sense of power, while the nature of nurses' work was found to limit nurses' sense of power. Nurses' lack of control over client care was found to contribute to a sense of powerlessness and was linked to units using team nursing. The eight power bases outlined in Randolph's framework, were useful as a basis for describing the staff nurses' perceptions of their organizational power bases. The staff nurses studied were found to have the most affinity for referent, expert, information, and connection power bases. These nurses were found to have the least affinity for reward, coercion, legitimate, and resource power bases. Primary nursing was found to enhance legitimate power while team nursing was found to enhance connection power. The source of power most frequently mentioned by the nurse participants was personal power in relation to oneself. This did not fit into Randolph's framework and was not well defined. This has implications for nursing since support for the professional nature of nurses' work was found to strenghthen nurses' sense of personal power. Knowledge about the perceptions described by the subjects in this investigation provides information to assist nurses' to identify power bases that they may not recognize. As well, increased understanding about staff nurses' perceptions of power should enable nursing administration to identify strategies for retaining nurses and enhancing client care. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A changing world brings about many different challenges. The same applies to business operating in society. These changes and challenges relate to business ethics in general and how it impacts on the decisions that business makes every day. The ethical challenges that business has to face have a profound effect on meta-ethical concerns. Awareness of this situation can help to direct business and the rest of society to reach positive outcomes. When looking at current cases it is evident how corporate culture and leadership play a very important role in this matter. The cases shows how the power of business is exerted in practice and it can serve a positive purpose in determining meta-ethics. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Veranderende wêreld gee tot baie verskillende uitdagings aanleiding. Dieselfde geld vir besigheid wat in die samelewing funksioneer. Dit hou verband met sake-etiek in die algemeen en watter invloed dit uitoefen op die besluite wat besigheid elke dag moet neem. Die etiese uitdagings wat besigheid elke dag in die gesig staar, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op meta-etiese kwessies. 'n Bewustheid van hierdie situasie kan help om leiding aan besigheid en die res van die samelewing te bied ten einde positiewe resultate te bereik . As die huidige gevalle in ag geneem word, is dit klaarblyklik dat korporatiewe kultuur en leierskap ’n baie belangrike rol in hierdie verband speel. Dit toon hoe die kragtige invloed van besigheid in die praktyk gebruik word en hoe dit 'n positiewe rol kan speel om meta-etiek te bepaal.

Many Old English poems reflect the Anglo-Saxon writers's interest in who could exercise power and how language could be used to signal a position of power or powerlessness. In previous Old English studies, the prevailing critical attitude has been to associate the exercise of power with sex—the distinction between males and females based upon biological and physiological differences—or with sex-oriented social roles or sphere of operation. Scholarship of the last twenty years has just begun to explore the connection between power and gender-coded traits, attributes which initially were tied to the heroic code and were primarily male-oriented. By the eighth and ninth centuries, the period in which most of the extant Old English poetry was probably composed, these qualities had become disassociated from biological sex but retained their gender affiliations. A re-examination of "The Dream of the Rood," "The Wanderer," "The Husband's Message," "The Wife's Lament," "Wulf and Eadwacer" and Beowulf confirms that the poets used gender-coded language to indicate which poetic characters, female as well as male, held positions of power and powerlessness. A status of power or powerlessness was signalled by the exercise of particular gendered traits that were open for assumption by men and women. Powerful individuals were depicted with masculine-coded language affiliated with honor, mastery, aggression, victory, bravery, independence, martial prowess, assertiveness, physical strength, verbal acuteness, firmness or hardness, and respect from others. Conversely, the powerless were described with non-masculine or feminine-coded language suggesting dishonor, subservience, passivity, defeat, cowardice, dependence, defenselessness, lack of volition, softness or indecisiveness, and lack of respect from others. Once attained, neither status was permanent; women and men trafficked back and forth between the two. Depending upon the circumstances, members of both sexes could experience reversals of fortunes which would necessitate moving from one category to the other, on more than one occasion in a lifetime.

This dissertation seeks a concept of freedom that is compatible with Michel Foucault’s descriptions of power and its role in the constitution of the subject. Discovering the concept of freedom that properly opposes the Foucauldian concept of domination reveals the possibilities and limitations of the usefulness of Foucault’s account of power for social criticism. The first step in this endeavor is therefore to distinguish between Foucault's own use of the terms 'power' and 'domination' – the conflation of which is a source of criticism of his social theory. With this distinction in hand, I argue that Foucault’s genealogical period with its diagnosis of subjection is wholly compatible with, and indeed inseparable from, his ethical period with its emphasis on self-transformation. Read as two sides of a coin, these periods of Foucault’s work establish the terms in which we must understand the ethico-political struggle in which we constantly find ourselves as subjects of self-transformation embedded in identity-constituting relations of power. I then explore Foucault’s criticism of the modern concept of autonomy, which he believes to be inherited from the Enlightenment and, more specifically, Kant. In spite of these criticisms, Foucault does not dispense with the concept of freedom as autonomy altogether, but instead must embrace a concept of social freedom, similar to that which is found in contemporary recognition theory. Therefore, we should characterize Foucault’s normative stance as that of a coupling of a general concept of social freedom with what I call a "metaethico-political openness principle" committing us to acts of resistance that would attempt to push the boundaries of recognition so that we may affirm previously unimagined ways of life.

The European Union (EU) is a formidable actor in contemporary international politics. Many prominent scholars devote their lives to studying both how European power came to be and analyzing the character of that power. The vast majority of the resulting scholarship fails to empirically test the arguments set forth. While rich in theoretical insights, the lack of empirical support renders the debate unsatisfying. This study tests the arguments about the nature of European power in the international context using the cases of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) and Europe's energy policies. Chapter One introduces the Normative Power Europe concept and describes my methodology. Chapter Two delineates the existing debates on the power of the EU. Chapters Three and Four test European power using the cases of the ENP and Europe's energy policies (respectively). In addition, Chapter Four offers some concluding remarks. This study finds that the EU consistently behaves as a normative power from the basic premise of virtue ethics, but inconsistently in terms of deontological and teleological ethics.

Orientador: Lídia Maria Rodrigo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_Vagnerda_D.pdf: 2301766 bytes, checksum: 7785c814da9654ee1662b76bb8159efa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Apesar de Nietzsche ser uma referência fundamental para a filosofia contemporânea, os estudos sobre seu pensamento na área da educação ainda são poucos. Este trabalho tenta oferecer mais uma alternativa à interpretação do pensamento dele, analisado a partir da educação vista mais como um processo de formação e transformação dos indivíduos que são educados do que como uma realidade escolar cotidiana. Para isso, elaborou-se a tese de que só há educação, aos moldes nietzscheanos, se aquilo que um ser humano é mais intimamente quando nasce puder ser transformado de modo definitivo, irreversível e irremediável, ou seja, de modo radical. Para se justificar tal tese, foram explorados conceitos fundamentais no pensamento de Nietzsche: pulsão, si, vontade de poder, tipos superiores e inferiores, cultura e civilização, além-do-homem, eterno retorno do mesmo e amor fati. Foram, ainda, desenvolvidos e apresentados conceitos novos na análise do pensamento nietzscheano - condição de nascimento, condição de vida e condição de morte -, que dizem respeito à estruturação pulsional dos seres humanos, determinando o status tipológico de cada um e suas possibilidades de ascensão e decadência pulsional. / Abstract: Although Nietzsche is a fundamental reference for contemporary philosophy, studies of his thought on education are still few. This work attempts to provide an alternative interpretation of his thought, analyzed from education seen more like a process of formation and transformation of individuals who are educated, than as an everyday reality in schools. To that, we elaborated the thesis that there is only education, in the nietzschean manner, if what a human being is more deeply when it is born can be transformed in definitive, irreversible and irremediable way, in other words, in a radical way. To justify such thesis, we explored some fundamental concepts in Nietzsche's thought: drive, self, will to power, superior and inferior types, culture and civilization, super-man, eternal return of the same and amor fati. Were also developed and presented new concepts in the analysis of Nietzschean thought - condition of birth, condition of life and condition death - which concern the structuring of human drives, determining the typological status of each one and their possibilities of ascension and decadence drive. / Doutorado / Historia, Filosofia e Educação / Doutor em Educação

This thesis defends an ontological and epistemological account of Michel Foucault's post-structuralist philosophy, to argue that political philosophy needs to take into account the historical and political contingency of subjectivity and discourse. I show that by addressing the historical and political contingency of knowledge, Foucault's work overcomes the flaw of foundational epistemology in political philosophy, which treats true discourse as universal and disinterested. In doing so I hope to have to refuted the mainly positivistic and humanist schools of thought that lay claim to universal and foundationalist notions, by demonstrating the extent to which their misgivings about Foucault's work are informed by and founded upon an unjustified a-historicism. The thesis is composed of three chapters, the first of which deals with an ontology of the subject, the second, with an ontology of social relations, and the last with epistemology. In each chapter I use dialectical analysis to reveal how interests necessarily mediate subjectivity, social relations, and knowledge. The first two chapters defend Foucault's conception of power, by way of an analysis of the relations between Foucault's work and Sartre's existential phenomenology. I show how both Foucault and Sartre successfully address the problem of historicism for political philosophy with their respective conceptions of human freedom. The final chapter defends Foucault's conception of the relations between power and discourse, to show how it overcomes the a-historicism of universal, foundational epistemology. These three chapters demonstrate the importance of accounting for historicism in political philosophy. Claims to universal interest, because knowledge is conditioned by conflicts of interest, often mask political domination. It is important, then, to remember, in political philosophy, that knowledge is evaluative and interested, reflecting historically and politically mediated evaluations. One should be suspicious of ' natural facts' , used to justify actions or beliefs, thereby masking the choices that inform them. I have used the work of Michel Foucault to motivate this claim.