This thesis involves exploring enhancement of estimating the probability of a critical station blackout in nuclear power plant operations by the use of direct numerical evaluation of multidimensional nonrecovery integrals. This requires development of computational methods with data provided from South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company (STPNOC). Several methods that are currently used in the industry to estimate such probabilities often overestimate the value substantially. The computational integral method developed in the thesis will reduce excess conservatism while maintaining plant safety standards. This computational integral is calculated using a MATLAB research code referred to generally as "STP-TAMIL" which is for South Texas Project --Texas A&M Improved LOOP. The code itself (along with the user manual) was developed in conjunction with this Thesis. STP-TAMIL is successful in reducing the estimated probability of critical station blackout by a significant amount (about 88.47 percent ) with the incorporation of recovery of offsite and onsite power for South Texas Project̕ s nuclear plants, and results were verified. This thesis also describes an asymptotic justification for to the non-recovery integral used. Applications to the industry, or STPNOC, which will use the "TAMIL" code are addressed. Some assumptions used throughout the problem suggest that if more dynamic rates or distributions are used then more recovery can be obtained, which will decrease the probability of critical station blackout. Methodology developed in this thesis will be used in future work to develop this STP-TAMIL research code into a model used industry wide in commercial nuclear power plants.

This research presents the methodologies used to resolve the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Generic Safety Issue 191. The presented results are specific to South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company (STPNOC). However, the proposed methodologies may be applicable to other nuclear power plants given the appropriate plant-specific frequencies. This research provides important inputs to CASA Grande, a computer program used to model physical phenomena and quantify uncertainties to obtain estimates of failure probabilities for post-loss-of-coolant accident events at the STPNOC containment. We provide modeling and sampling methods for loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) frequencies and break sizes. We focus on a study known as NUREG-1829 (Tregoning et al., 2008), which includes an expert elicitation of quantiles governing the (annual) frequency of a LOCA in boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors. We propose to model LOCA frequencies with bounded Johnson distributions and to sample break sizes using uniform distributions. We then develop a new method to distribute LOCA frequencies to different locations within a plant to account for the location-dependent differences while preserving the NUREG-1829 frequencies. We also propose to linearly interpolate the NUREG-1829 LOCA frequencies to obtain the frequencies for any break sizes other than those from NUREG-1829. In addition, we present a method to obtain the distribution of LOCA frequency within a break-size interval providing important inputs to the probabilistic risk assessment quantification for STPNOC. We review methods of combining the probability distributions of multiple experts to obtain a single probability distribution. More specifically, we describe the relative merits of the arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM) as ways of performing this aggregation in the context of probabilities associated with rare events. Examining a set of pressurized water reactor results from NUREG-1829, we conclude that the GM represents a consistently sensible notion of the middle of the opinions expressed by nine experts. We further conclude that the AM is inappropriate for representing the center of the group's opinion for large effective break sizes. Instead, as the break size grows large a single expert's opinion dominates the combination produced by the AM. / text

Tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinti sensitizaciją ŽLA antigenais, inksto transplantatų recipientams, kurie greta standartinės imunosupresijos vartojo monokloninius antikūnus prieš IL-2 receptorių ir monokloninių antikūnų nevartojusiems recipientams. Tyrime dalyvauja VULSK pacientai, kuriems 2000-2005 metais imtinai buvo atliktos inkstų transplantacijos (Tx), bei kurie prieš ir po Tx buvo tirti dėl teigiamai su limfocitų panele reaguojančių antikūnų skaičiaus, išreikšto procentais (PRA). Iš viso tyrime dalyvauja 189 recipientai. Dalis jų (n=83) greta standartinės imunosupresijos vartojo monokloninius antikūnus prieš IL-2 receptorių (basiliksimabą ar daklizumabą), kiti (n=106) gavo tik standartinę imunosupresiją. Pagrindiniai sensitizaciją ŽLA antigenais lemiantys veiksniai abiejose grupėse pasiskirstė nevienodai. Didesnė monokloninius antikūnus vartojusių dalis gavo kraujo perpylimus (72% vs. 57,3%), šioje grupėje taip pat daugiau buvo pakartotinų Tx (9,6% vs. 7,5%), tik gimdžiusių moterų skaičius didesnis buvo monokloninių antikūnų nevartojusioje grupėje (47,7% vs. 30,8%). Tirtos ligonių grupės palygintos taikant &#967;² kriterijų, skirtumas laikytas statistiškai reikšmingas, kai p<0,05. Išanalizavus recipientų sensitizaciją prieš Tx paaiškėjo, kad dauguma (58%; 110/189) buvo nesensitizuoti (PRA 0-10%), likę 42% (79/189) - sensitizuoti, iš kurių 14% (11/189) – labai sensitizuoti (PRA 50-100%). Po Tx monokloninius antikūnus vartojusių recipientų grupėje (n=83) 2% padaugėjo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitization with HLA antigens in kidney transplant recipients, who received induction therapy with monoclonal antibodies against IL-2R and in the group of patients, who were only under the triple drug therapy. This study comprises recipients, who received kidney transplant in the year 2000-2005, and who were tested for panel reactive antibody test before and after transplantation (Tx). The total number of 189 kidney transplant recipients takes part in this study. 83 received monoclonal antibodies against IL-2R (basiliximab or daclizumab), others (n=106) – did not. These groups were unequal in comparison to the main factors causing sensitization with HLA antigens. The group of patients, who received induction therapy with monoclonal antibodies had more blood transfuzions (72% vs. 57,3%), and previous transplantations (9,6% vs. 7,5%), in comparison with the other group. Only the number of pregnancies was higher in the group of patients who were only under the triple drug therapy (47,7% vs. 30,8%). Statistical analyses were caried out using chi-square test, differences were considered significant at p<0,05. 58% (110/189) of kidney transplant recipients were unsensitized (PRA 0-10%) before Tx, the rest 42% (79/189) were sensitized, from which 14% (11/189) were highly sensitized (PRA 50-100%). After Tx the number of medium sensitized (PRA 11-50%) kidney transplant recipients, who received induction therapy by monoclonal antibodies... [to full text]

As micobactérias compreendem um grupo de organismos que são heterogêneos em termos de metabolismo, crescimento, nicho ambiental, epidemiologia, patogenicidade, distribuição geográfica e associação com doenças. O diagnóstico micobacteriológico é atualmente um desafio aos laboratórios. Com a descrição de novas espécies de micobactérias nos últimos anos, tem sido cada vez mais difícil identificar com precisão estas espécies. Uma questão básica na identificação em micobactérias é a diferenciação entre o Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis e as Micobactérias Não Causadoras de Tuberculose (MNT); no entanto tem sido cada vez mais importante a diferenciação das MNT. Em virtude das semelhanças fenotípicas e genotípicas, é necessário a aplicação e desenvolvimento de metodologias que melhor caracterizem as MNT para que seja possível determinar de forma mais precisa a prevalência das diferentes espécies. Além disso, diferentes espécies de MNT podem apresentar diferenças no perfil de sensibilidade às drogas terapêuticas, sendo que a identificação precisa é crucial para a adoção de terapia medicamentosa adequada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os isolados de MNT através da comparação entre duas técnicas moleculares, a técnica de PRA-hsp65 e um kit comercial GenoType® Mycobacterium CM, usando o método de sequenciamento do gene hsp65 como padrãoouro. Foram analisadas 96 isolados e a concordância entre os resultados do PRA-hsp65 e do GenoType® Mycobacterium CM foi de 92%. O método molecular PRA-hsp65 mostrou-se eficaz na identificação das espécies em 91% das amostras e o GenoType® Mycobacterium CM em 92%. Em relação aos custos referentes aos dois métodos, foi possível estabelecer que o PRA-hsp65 apresentou um valor final consideravelmente inferior ao do GenoType® Mycobacterium CM. No entanto, a técnica comercial necessita um prazo mais curto (2 dias) para ser realizada em comparação com a técnica PRA-hsp65 (requer 5 dias). Na nossa avaliação, a aplicabilidade do PRA-hsp65 aumenta a qualidade e rapidez do resultado final, já que se mostrou discriminatório, de baixo custo e relativamente de fácil execução na identificação de micobactérias. É possível concluir que ambas as técnicas moleculares avaliadas neste estudo apresentaram uma ótima capacidade de identificação de MNT, sendo que a implementação destas técnicas dependerá das características dos diferentes laboratórios bem como as necessidades clínicas das diferentes instituições. / Mycobacteria comprise a group of organisms that are heterogeneous in terms of metabolism, growth, environmental niche, epidemiology, pathogenicity, geographic distribution and disease association. The laboratory diagnosis of mycobacteria is currently a challenge to laboratories. Due to the increased description of new species of mycobacteria in recent years it is becoming difficult to accurately identify these species. A basic question in the identification of mycobacteria is the differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM); however it has been increasingly important to differentiate the NTM species. Due to the fact that there are phenotypic and genotypic similarities, it is necessary to apply and develop methodologies to better characterize the NTM to be able to determine more accurately the prevalence of different species. Furthermore, different NTM species may differ in the profile of sensitivity to therapeutic drugs, and accurate identification is crucial for the adoption of appropriate drug therapy. The objective of this study was to characterize NTM isolates by comparing two molecular techniques, the technique of PRA-hsp65 (PCR-Restriction Enzyme Analysis) and a commercial kit GenoType® Mycobacterium CM, using the sequencing the hsp65 gene as gold standard. We analyzed 96 samples and the concordance between the results of the PRA-hsp65 and the GenoType® Mycobacterium CM was 92%. The PRA-hsp65 molecular method proved to be effective in 91% of species identification and the GenoType® Mycobacterium CM in 92%. Regarding costs for the two methods, we could establish that the PRA-hsp65 had a final value considerably lower than the GenoType® Mycobacterium CM. However, the commercial technique requires a shorter period (2 days) to be performed in comparison with the technique PRA-hsp65 (requires five days). In our evaluation, the applicability of the PRA-hsp65 increases the quality and speed of the final result (in relation to traditional phenotypic identification or outsourcing in referral centers), and proved to be discriminatory, inexpensive and relatively easy to perform the identification of mycobacteria. Finally, we conclude that both molecular techniques evaluated in this study showed a great capacity for identification of NTM and that the implementation of these techniques. However, depend on the characteristics of different laboratories as well as the clinical needs of different institutions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:19:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlzileneFS.pdf: 3190414 bytes, checksum: b958bf96fde2ea1d5d03c0aac9ae2f00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / It s in the city spaces, molded from the uses and daily appropriations, that life is woven, as a product of the social relationships from the accumulation of history along with the present day fabric. Within this relationship, the old and the new are elements which make up this tapestry, as a result of the contribution of successive generations. The public square is seen as an example of this relationship, since it consists of a fertile space for opportunities of urban life coexistence. It is within the trace of these considerations that the present study emerges regarding the appropriation and sociability of the Tom? de Sousa Square, located in the city of Salvador, BA, having as its main focus the special relation between the cinema and the public square, as it relates to the space of the exhibition of cinematographic art. The showing of films in public squares makes possible a distinctive means of appropriation which has occurred ever since the beginning of the cinema. Today in Brazil, projects of this nature abound, which aim at presenting the seventh art to a great portion of the population which doesn t have access to conventional movie theater projection rooms. This particular Projeto Cinema na Pra?a Cinema in the Square Project carried out in Salvador, has become the empirical reference point for such work. This journey reveals the fascination that this great art has woven through time, attracting and charming multitudes. The cinema touches people in a special way, stirring up affectionate feelings, which are reflected in multiple social practices. Regarding this work, what stands out above all are the projections in the squares, initiatives which make it possible for the films to be watched collectively. What was taken into account in order to carry out this work were the reports of those who came regularly to watch the cinema in the Square sessions, those involved with the cinema projects team, and the film makers. To do the work, besides a bibliographical revision, observations were made of participants in the Tom? de Sousa Square, taken from semi-structured interviews with people involved with the film projection projects and those who came regularly to the cinema in the Square sessions. Also investigations were made in newspapers, printed magazines and the internet, from document and iconographic sources. The photographic documentation proved to be an important contribution to the field work. The research therefore develops from the understanding that the social practices are what make possible the uses of and the appropriation of the spaces. Within this perspective the public square emerges as a privileged locus where possibilities flourish for multiple manifestations that social practices can generate / S?o nos espa?os da cidade, moldados a partir dos usos e apropria??es cotidianos que a vida se efetiva, como produto das rela??es sociais, da acumula??o hist?rica e da tecedura realizada no presente. Nessa rela??o, o velho e o novo s?o elementos que constituem esse cen?rio, resultante das constru??es das sucessivas gera??es. A pra?a ? vista como exemplo dessa rela??o, pois consiste em um espa?o f?rtil de possibilidades de conviv?ncia urbana. No rastro dessas considera??es, surge o presente estudo sobre a apropria??o e sociabilidade na Pra?a Tom? de Sousa, localizada na cidade de Salvador-Ba, tendo como enfoque prec?puo a rela??o especial entre o cinema e a pra?a, no que diz respeito ao espa?o das pr?ticas de exibi??o da arte cinematogr?fica. As exibi??es de filmes em pra?as viabilizam um modo peculiar de apropria??o que ocorre desde os prim?rdios do cinema. Atualmente no Brasil pululam projetos dessa natureza, que visam a apresenta??o da s?tima arte ? grande parcela da popula??o que n?o tem acesso ?s salas convencionais de proje??o. Nesse particular o Projeto Cinema na Pra?a, realizado em Salvador, torna-se a refer?ncia emp?rica desse trabalho. Esse caminhar revela o fasc?nio que essa grande arte vem tecendo ao longo dos tempos, atraindo e encantando multid?es. O cinema toca de modo especial as pessoas, despertando afetos e isso se reverbera em m?ltiplas pr?ticas sociais. No tocante a esse trabalho, destaca-se mormente as proje??es em pra?as, iniciativas que tornam poss?veis assistir a filmes coletivamente. Para realiza??o do trabalho levou-se em considera??o os relatos dos freq?entadores das sess?es de cinema na Pra?a, das pessoas envolvidas da equipe dos projetos de cinema e cineastas. Para a feitura do trabalho, afora a revis?o bibliogr?fica, realizou-se observa??es participantes na Pra?a Tom? de Sousa, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com pessoas envolvidas com projetos de exibi??o e freq?entadores das sess?es de cinema na Pra?a. Tamb?m investiga??o em jornais e revistas impressos e na Internet, al?m de fontes documentais e iconogr?ficas. O registro fotogr?fico apresenta-se como importante contributo ao trabalho de campo. A pesquisa desenvolve-se, portanto, a partir da compreens?o de que s?o as pr?ticas sociais, que tornam poss?veis os usos e apropria??es dos espa?os. Nessa perspectiva a pra?a surge como um l?cus privilegiado onde afloram-se possibilidades de m?ltiplas manifesta??es que as pr?ticas sociais podem engendrar

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoBCC_TESE.pdf: 9530805 bytes, checksum: cafac361e9cced03a96b45a5ee338f2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present work analyses and discusses the sociability in the culture of contemporary cities focusing on the theme of fear and violence in the daily life of squares in the city of Jo?o Pessoa-PB. We analyse the relations between places in town and make correlations of history and setting of neighborhoods with the process of urban growth, including recent interventions of public authorities in their public spaces. We observed in this dynamics social attitudes and actions that range from a desired peaceful coexistence to social exclusion. Thus, we discuss, based upon the imaginary vision, that the squares exist as a locus of equality, citizenship and political, and, also, as a space for everyone, despite the existence of symbolic forces working towards segregation and privatization, ruled in fear and violence. We aimed to investigate the different symbolic logics from the issue of fear and violence that allows the exclusion and the inclusion of groups and individuals in the quotidian use of public spaces of contemporary cities. We believe that the social action is demarcated by violence ant its corollary, the social fear, and operates based on the logic of a relational game always confrontational but experienced in different forms according to the social segment or group under study. We used a qualitative and quantitative methodology relating data and statistical analysis with categories created for the understanding of subjective factors. Our analyses combined ethnographic elements, periodics research and images of the city and its spaces, with the contribution of a survey that allowed comparisions of five squares of neighborhood based on the daily life under investigation. Our proposal was to deepen the investigations related to the public space of contemporary cities, expanding the look on Jo?o Pessoa and its cultural dynamics with an analysis of discourses, images, the collective imaginary and the social appropriation of the spaces based on fear and violence. The research accomplished in different areas and the analysis of images and speeches published in newspapers reports, books, advertising etc. allowed the approach of differentiated patterns of sociability in the same urban process. The neighborhoods in study are indeed spatially and economically distanced and the process of creation and construction of squares occurred in very different ways in the respective location. We defend the thesis that neighborhood community squares provide reinvigorated spaces and public spheres in the urban process and in the dynamics of sociability in the cities. These squares are also social spaces par excellence for the perception of the logic of individualism and segregation so marked by fear and violence in contemporary cities / O presente trabalho analisa e discute o processo de sociabilidade na cultura das cidades contempor?neas, tendo como foco o tema do medo e da viol?ncia no cotidiano das pra?as da cidade de Jo?o Pessoa PB. Analisamos as rela??es entre os lugares na cidade e relacionamos a hist?ria e a configura??o dos bairros com o processo de crescimento urbano, al?m das interven??es recentes do poder p?blico em seus espa?os. Percebemos nessa din?mica, atitudes e a??es sociais que variam do conv?vio pac?fico e desejado ? exclus?o social. Discutimos, assim, a partir do imagin?rio de que as pra?as existem enquanto um l?cus de igualdade, de cidadania e pol?tica, e como um espa?o de todos, apesar de existirem for?as simb?licas que atuam no sentido da segrega??o e da privatiza??o do espa?o pautadas no medo e na viol?ncia. Tivemos como objetivo investigar estas diferentes l?gicas, que permitem a exclus?o e a inclus?o de grupos e indiv?duos no uso cotidiano dos espa?os p?blicos das cidades contempor?neas. Acreditamos que a a??o social ? balizada pela viol?ncia e seu corol?rio o medo social, e opera a partir de uma l?gica de um jogo relacional sempre conflituoso, por?m vivenciado de diferentes formas a partir do segmento ou grupo social que se estuda. Trabalhamos com uma metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa em nossa pesquisa, relacionando os dados e an?lises estat?sticas com as categorias criadas para a compreens?o dos fatores subjetivos. Realizamos uma an?lise que combinou elementos etnogr?ficos, pesquisas em peri?dicos, jornais impressos, e eletr?nicos, fotografias e imagens da cidade e de seus espa?os, e que teve como aporte um survey, que permitiu a compara??o entre cinco pra?as de bairro da cidade. Nossa proposta foi de aprofundar as investiga??es em rela??o ao espa?o p?blico das cidades contempor?neas, ampliando o olhar sobre Jo?o Pessoa e sua din?mica cultural, a partir da an?lise dos discursos, das imagens, do imagin?rio coletivo, e da apropria??o social dos espa?os da cidade sob a ?tica do medo e da viol?ncia. A pesquisa permitiu que abord?ssemos padr?es de sociabilidade diferenciados, a partir de um mesmo processo urbano, j? que al?m do recorte e resgate da mem?ria hist?rica, os bairros e as pra?as est?o distanciados espacial e economicamente, como tamb?m o processo de gesta??o do espa?o e da constru??o destas pra?as ocorreu de modo bem distinto nos respectivos locais. Defendemos a tese de que os procesos s?cio-espaciais e culturais relacionados ?s pra?as de bairro em curso nas cidades brasileiras, e em espec?fico nas cidades m?dias e capitais nordestinas, como Jo?o Pessoa PB, possuem enorme import?ncia na compreens?o dos mecanismos sociais de exclus?o e integra??o na sociabilidade cotidiana. Isso se d? atrav?s de seus efeitos sobre a estrutura??o social, sobre os mecanismos de produ??o/reprodu??o de desigualdades nos espa?os p?blicos das cidades contempor?neas e sobre as rela??es de intera??o social e sociabilidade entre os grupos, ajuntamentos e classes sociais nestes espa?os sob influencia do medo e da viol?ncia urbana

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsaPZR.pdf: 837956 bytes, checksum: 9d3f7aab6a304a9e0966a981187eedd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-22 / Le pr?sent texte vise ? analiser la apropriation de l'espace par le pouvoir publique. Entre les ann?es 1956 et 1964, la ville br?silien de Natal a ?t? administr? par le maire Djalma Maranhao, dirigeants politiques marqu?es par des id?es nationalistes, comme la lutte contre l'imp?rialisme et l'?mancipation du peuple a travers de ce que l'on appelle ? culture populaire ?. Le terme a acquis une connotation politique, en m?me temps dans ce qui ?tait consid?r? comme la plus pure manifestation du peuple br?silien. La dynamique politique signifie aussi un nouveau regard sur la ville, enquant que le d?sir de progr?s, de industrialisation et de r?formes sociales propag?e dans la politique nationale br?silienne, directement traduit par des changements dans son espace physique. Dans cette orientation nationaliste, la ville a entrepris des actions syst?matiques ? l'encontre des nouveaux besoins urbains qui se posent en m?me temps que tourn? certains places de la ville ? espaces culturelles, appel?e ? places de la culture ?. Ces espaces sont destin?s ? la promotion de la culture populaire en m?me temps il a ?t? un domaine strat?gique de la production et la r?ception des valeurs d?fendues par Djalma Maranhao. En ce sens, nous avons demand? r?pondre quelle a ?t? la position du maire face ? la besoins urbaines qu'ils se posaient et comme les places de la culture sont int?gr? ? la vie quotidienne de la ville de Natal, donnant une nouvelle signification ? la place publique. Pour la construction de ce travail, nous utilisons les sources orales et de revues, de journaux et de A Rep?blica et Folha da Tarde, comme le principal ressources m?thodologiques / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a apropria??o do espa?o pelo poder p?blico Entre os anos 1956 e 1964, a cidade de Natal foi administrada pelo prefeito Djalma Maranh?o, lideran?a pol?tica marcada pelas bandeiras nacionalistas do per?odo que eram a luta contra o imperialismo e a emancipa??o do povo atrav?s do que se denominou cultura popular. O termo ganhou uma conota??o pol?tica ao mesmo tempo em que era entendido como a mais pura manifesta??o do povo brasileiro. O momento pol?tico significou tamb?m um novo olhar sobre a cidade, na medida em que o anseio de progresso, de industrializa??o e de reformas sociais propagado pela pol?tica em ?mbito nacional, refletiu diretamente nas transforma??es no seu espa?o f?sico. Dentro dessa orienta??o nacionalista, a prefeitura empreendeu a??es sistematizadas frente ?s novas necessidades urbanas que surgiam ao mesmo tempo em que transformou algumas pra?as da cidade em espa?os culturais, denominados pra?as de cultura. Esses espa?os eram destinados ? promo??o da cultura popular ao mesmo tempo em que era um espa?o estrat?gico de produ??o e recep??o dos valores defendidos por Djalma Maranh?o. Nesse sentido, procuramos responder qual foi o posicionamento do prefeito frente ?s demandas urbanas que surgiam e como as pra?as de cultura foram sendo incorporadas ao cotidiano da cidade, atribuindo novos sentidos ? pra?a p?blica. Para a constru??o deste trabalho recorremos ?s fontes orais e aos peri?dicos, os jornais A Rep?blica e Folha da Tarde, como principais recursos metodol?gicos

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T15:13:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoBatistaFigueredoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2360795 bytes, checksum: 9eb1bc700876f6b50145bb832a02c344 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-15T14:36:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoBatistaFigueredoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2360795 bytes, checksum: 9eb1bc700876f6b50145bb832a02c344 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-15T14:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoBatistaFigueredoDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2360795 bytes, checksum: 9eb1bc700876f6b50145bb832a02c344 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Esta pesquisa ? uma cartografia, que tem por fundamento as abordagens de Deleuze e Guattari, realizada na Pra?a Mits, na cidade de Natal-RN, composta por juventudes LGBTTI. Nas reflex?es que comp?em o texto, pensamos aquela realidade, como espa?o de pr?ticas n?mades, fazendo uso do conceito de nomadismo formulado por Deleuze e Guattari. Quanto ? constru??o do objeto - ?corpos em muta??es? - ela se deu a partir das leituras de te?ricas/te?ricos e dos efeitos das afeta??es em campo sobre n?s pr?prios. Por essa constru??o, buscamos compreender os corpos como uma amplitude que abriga subjetividade, organismo, multid?o etc., na medida em que ?amos constatando, atrav?s da empiria que, de algum modo, essas dimens?es se atravessam. Utilizamos o termo muta??es, baseados nos relatos e observa??es de campo e focando as transforma??es que as/os jovens se permitem experimentar. A hip?tese norteadora ? que a Pra?a Mits se constitui em um espa?o que possibilita essas muta??es e que favorece a busca por express?es socioculturais das juventudes, que ocupam semanalmente aquele espa?o que, por sua vez, se constitui em um lugar de multiplicidades/diversidades em constantes movimentos de conex?es. / This research is a cartography, which is based in the approaches of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, developed in the Mits square, situated at Natal-RN city, composed of groups of youngs LGBTTI. Through the reflexions in the text, we think that reality as space of nomad practices, using from the Deleuze and Guattarriconcept of nomadism. About the object's construction ? ?bodies in changing? -it happened by the reading of theorical and of the effects of affectations in camp upon ourselves. By this construction, we try to comprehend the bodies as an amplitude which houses subjectivity, organism, crowd, etc., in that we were finding, by the empirical look that, in someway, these dimensions cross themselves. We use the term "mutation/changing" based on field's reports and observations and focusing the transformations that the young ones allow themselves to experiment. The guiding hypothesis is that the Mits Square constitute a space that allows this changing and encourages the search for social and cultural expressions of youths that weekly engross that space which, in other hand,is constitutedin a place of multiplicities/diversities in constant motion connections.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:29:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelaFreitasOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 6713718 bytes, checksum: a0fe306643ae884dc03faa05265bfc63 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-08T23:06:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelaFreitasOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 6713718 bytes, checksum: a0fe306643ae884dc03faa05265bfc63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T23:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelaFreitasOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 6713718 bytes, checksum: a0fe306643ae884dc03faa05265bfc63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Com o crescimento populacional e a expans?o das cidades, o processo de urbaniza??o e sua influ?ncia sobre a biota local entraram no hall de estudos ecol?gicos. ?reas verdes em meio a pr?dios e ruas tendem a se comportar como ilhas, servindo de ref?gios para diversas esp?cies. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de entender quais fatores (e.g. ?rea, cobertura vegetal) determinam a estrutura das comunidades de borboletas frug?voras em pra?as p?blicas e qual a influ?ncia de uma grande ?rea preservada (Parque das Dunas) na din?mica das borboletas nas pra?as. Al?m disso, averiguamos se as comunidades de borboletas em diferentes h?bitats possuem diferentes caracter?sticas ecol?gicas. Foram selecionadas 18 pra?as em tr?s categorias de dist?ncia para o Parque das Dunas: Camada 1 (0 a 1000 m), Camada 2 (1001 a 2000 m ) e Camada 3 (2001 a 3000 m). Em cada camada de dist?ncia selecionamos 2 pra?as pequenas (1000 - 3000 m2), 2 m?dias (3001 - 5001 m2) e 2 grandes (> 5001 m2). Tr?s pontos dentro do Parque das Dunas foram escolhidos como ?rea controle. Ap?s 12 meses de coleta, foram registrados 635 indiv?duos de 13 esp?cies de borboletas frug?voras. Nas 18 pra?as encontramos 475 indiv?duos de 9 esp?cies (Hamadryas februa, Hamadryas feronia, Hamadryas amphinome, Historis odius, Historis acheronta, Fountainea sp., Opsiphanes invirae, Siderone galanthis e Taygetis laches), e nos tr?s pontos no Parque das Dunas registramos 160 indiv?duos de 12 esp?cies (todas encontradas nas pra?as, exceto Fountainea sp., mais Archaeoprepona demophoon, Prepona laertes, Zaretis isidora e Yphthimoides manasses). O baixo n?mero de esp?cies encontradas na cidade ? reflexo de uma homogeneidade local consequente de uma matriz quase imperme?vel. Foi poss?vel verificar que nos per?odos de chuva, a abund?ncia aumenta significativamente nas pra?as, revelando que, quando a precipita??o aumenta, a matriz se torna mais perme?vel, permitindo o deslocamento dos indiv?duos e at? mesmo o aparecimento de esp?cies encontradas predominantemente em florestas. A composi??o de esp?cies entre Parque e pra?as foi significativamente diferentes. Os valores dos componentes da beta diversidade revelaram que a comunidade de borboletas nas pra?as s?o sub-amostras aninhadas na comunidade do Parque. Com a sele??o de modelos, foi poss?vel verificar que a riqueza e abund?ncia de borboletas frug?voras ? dominada por processos estoc?sticos (modelo mulo), al?m do n?mero de ?rvores frut?feras e tamanho das pra?as. Esses resultados indicam que as condi??es das pra?as diferem muito do Parque das Dunas e que as pra?as s?o excelentes filtros para as esp?cies, revelando uma din?mica aleat?ria e neutra dominada por esp?cies generalistas e tolerantes. / As consequence of population growth and city expansion, the influence of the urbanization process on biodiversity has become an important topic of ecological studies. Green areas among buildings and streets tend to behave like islands, serving as refugia for many species. This study aimed to understand the factors that determine the structure of fruitfeeding butterflies assemblages in public squares and the influence of large area preserved (Dunes Park) in the dynamics of butterflies in public plazas. Eighteen plazas were selected within three distance categories to Dunes Park: Layer 1 (0-1000 m), Layer 2 (1001-2000 m) and Layer 3 (2001-3000 m). Within each distance layer, we selected, two small (1000-3000 m2), two medium (3001-5001 m2) and two large (> 5001 m2) plazas. Three sampling sites in Dunes Park were chosen as control. We capture 635 individuals of 13 species of fruit-feeding butterflies. We collected 475 individuals of 9 species in the plazas and 160 individuals of 12 species in the State Park. The low number of species found in the city is a reflection of a consistent local homogeneity of a nearly impervious matrix. We found that during the rainy season, species abundance increased significantly in plazas, revealing that when rainfall increases, the matrix becomes more permeable, allowing individuals movement and even the appearance of species classified as forest specialist. Rarefaction curves showed that the State Park supports more species than the plazas. In addiction to species richness, species composition was also significantly different between Park and squares, with the urban landscape dominated by generalist and tolerant species. The values of the components of beta diversity revealed that communities of butterflies in the plazas are nested subsets of the Park community. Using a model selection approach I show that richness and abundance of fruitfeeding butterflies are dominated by stochastic processes (null model) and number of fruit trees and plaza area. These results indicate that the conditions of the plazas differ greatly from the Dunes Park and that urban plazas are very strong filters for fruit-feeding butterflies, revealing a random and neutral dynamics.

As micobactérias compreendem um grupo de organismos que são heterogêneos em termos de metabolismo, crescimento, nicho ambiental, epidemiologia, patogenicidade, distribuição geográfica e associação com doenças. O diagnóstico micobacteriológico é atualmente um desafio aos laboratórios. Com a descrição de novas espécies de micobactérias nos últimos anos, tem sido cada vez mais difícil identificar com precisão estas espécies. Uma questão básica na identificação em micobactérias é a diferenciação entre o Complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis e as Micobactérias Não Causadoras de Tuberculose (MNT); no entanto tem sido cada vez mais importante a diferenciação das MNT. Em virtude das semelhanças fenotípicas e genotípicas, é necessário a aplicação e desenvolvimento de metodologias que melhor caracterizem as MNT para que seja possível determinar de forma mais precisa a prevalência das diferentes espécies. Além disso, diferentes espécies de MNT podem apresentar diferenças no perfil de sensibilidade às drogas terapêuticas, sendo que a identificação precisa é crucial para a adoção de terapia medicamentosa adequada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar os isolados de MNT através da comparação entre duas técnicas moleculares, a técnica de PRA-hsp65 e um kit comercial GenoType® Mycobacterium CM, usando o método de sequenciamento do gene hsp65 como padrãoouro. Foram analisadas 96 isolados e a concordância entre os resultados do PRA-hsp65 e do GenoType® Mycobacterium CM foi de 92%. O método molecular PRA-hsp65 mostrou-se eficaz na identificação das espécies em 91% das amostras e o GenoType® Mycobacterium CM em 92%. Em relação aos custos referentes aos dois métodos, foi possível estabelecer que o PRA-hsp65 apresentou um valor final consideravelmente inferior ao do GenoType® Mycobacterium CM. No entanto, a técnica comercial necessita um prazo mais curto (2 dias) para ser realizada em comparação com a técnica PRA-hsp65 (requer 5 dias). Na nossa avaliação, a aplicabilidade do PRA-hsp65 aumenta a qualidade e rapidez do resultado final, já que se mostrou discriminatório, de baixo custo e relativamente de fácil execução na identificação de micobactérias. É possível concluir que ambas as técnicas moleculares avaliadas neste estudo apresentaram uma ótima capacidade de identificação de MNT, sendo que a implementação destas técnicas dependerá das características dos diferentes laboratórios bem como as necessidades clínicas das diferentes instituições. / Mycobacteria comprise a group of organisms that are heterogeneous in terms of metabolism, growth, environmental niche, epidemiology, pathogenicity, geographic distribution and disease association. The laboratory diagnosis of mycobacteria is currently a challenge to laboratories. Due to the increased description of new species of mycobacteria in recent years it is becoming difficult to accurately identify these species. A basic question in the identification of mycobacteria is the differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM); however it has been increasingly important to differentiate the NTM species. Due to the fact that there are phenotypic and genotypic similarities, it is necessary to apply and develop methodologies to better characterize the NTM to be able to determine more accurately the prevalence of different species. Furthermore, different NTM species may differ in the profile of sensitivity to therapeutic drugs, and accurate identification is crucial for the adoption of appropriate drug therapy. The objective of this study was to characterize NTM isolates by comparing two molecular techniques, the technique of PRA-hsp65 (PCR-Restriction Enzyme Analysis) and a commercial kit GenoType® Mycobacterium CM, using the sequencing the hsp65 gene as gold standard. We analyzed 96 samples and the concordance between the results of the PRA-hsp65 and the GenoType® Mycobacterium CM was 92%. The PRA-hsp65 molecular method proved to be effective in 91% of species identification and the GenoType® Mycobacterium CM in 92%. Regarding costs for the two methods, we could establish that the PRA-hsp65 had a final value considerably lower than the GenoType® Mycobacterium CM. However, the commercial technique requires a shorter period (2 days) to be performed in comparison with the technique PRA-hsp65 (requires five days). In our evaluation, the applicability of the PRA-hsp65 increases the quality and speed of the final result (in relation to traditional phenotypic identification or outsourcing in referral centers), and proved to be discriminatory, inexpensive and relatively easy to perform the identification of mycobacteria. Finally, we conclude that both molecular techniques evaluated in this study showed a great capacity for identification of NTM and that the implementation of these techniques. However, depend on the characteristics of different laboratories as well as the clinical needs of different institutions.