The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how teachers discuss pedagogy and learning in the context of a professional learning community in an elementary school. This understanding has the potential to assist principals and teachers to establish professional learning communities that use their time productively. Study participants belonged to a fifth grade professional learning community. Data sources included video and audio recordings, transcripts, field notes, interviews and artifacts. The data were examined for Episodes of Pedagogical Reasoning (Horn, 2005) which was the unit of analysis for the study. Episodes of Pedagogical Reasoning are units of teacher-to-teacher talk where teachers show their comprehension of a concern in their practice. One finding from the data analysis indicated that although the professional learning community in the study did not follow the "ideal" PLC model, the teachers used the time they were given to accomplish what they needed to do in the course of implementing the Common Core Standards. Another finding was the teachers use of practical talk (Doyle & Ponder, 1978) in determining how best to implement the Common Core Standards. Their practical talk focused on instrumentality and congruence. Instrumentality is defined as a change proposal that must describe a method in a way that depicts classroom contingencies. If the procedure fits the way a teacher normally conducts classroom activities, then it is congruent.

This project has investigated how to reshape two-wheel mobility in a more functional driven way, without losing the thrill of riding a motorcycle. The intitial cue was offered by the current rise of electric powertrains in the market. The opportunity of finding new spaces in the existing motorcycle architecture that could increase it's functionality and safety served as inspiration for this project. By achieving these steps this project wishes to envision a product that can attract new audiences whilst making two-wheel mobility more accessible. The process involved a variety of techniques that range from concept creation to 3D visualisation. During the ideation phase digital and analogue sketching techniques were combined after benchmarking existing products and visualising through animations possible solutions. In a later step the design was refined using digital painting in addition to polygon modelling. It has been helpful to evaluate the product in VR through various steps of the process, this provided a better understanding of the volumes and enabled a more accurate design of certain components. The result of the project is Flux. Combining unusual materials, like silicone, with a new layout offered the possibility of creating a simple yet advanced solution that provides various benefits to riding in everyday life. These benefits range from an enhanced cargo capability to an easier way to swap or recharge the batteries. In addition, it features some seamlessly integrated technology improvements that are vowed to make riding safer, without compromising on the experience.

El presente proyecto de investigación tiene como finalidad la implementación de un negocio enfocado en la venta de snacks saludables por medio del canal online, basado en la recopilación de información de un público que procura adoptar un estilo de vida saludable. Esta investigación se realizó en Lima Metropolitana a los NSE “A” y “B”, enfocándonos principalmente en quienes buscan practicidad y mantienen un perfil digital. Esta propuesta de negocio es atractiva ya que encontramos a un consumidor interesado en desarrollar hábitos de consumo más saludables; aprovechando que en el mercado existen escazas opciones que atiendan sus necesidades, creamos Piquéalo. Emprendimiento dedicado al delivery de snacks saludables hechos a base de ingredientes naturales y de alta calidad, con una presentación atractiva y medio ambientalmente responsable. Para desarrollar este proyecto se realizó un análisis profundo que abarcó lo siguiente: Validación del Modelo de Negocio, Análisis Interno y Externo, Desarrollo del Plan de Negocio, Plan de Operaciones, Plan de Marketing, Plan de Recursos Humanos, Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y Plan Financiero. Todo ello con la finalidad de validar la viabilidad del proyecto y poder llevarlo a la realidad. / The purpose of this research project is to implement a business focused on the sale of healthy snacks through the online channel, based on the compilation of information from an audience that seeks to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This research was carried out in Metropolitan Lima for socioeconomic level "A" and "B", focusing mainly on those who seek practicality and maintain a digital profile. This business proposal is attractive since we find a consumer interested in developing healthier consumption habits; Taking advantage of the fact that there are few options in the market that meet those needs, we created Piquéalo. An Entrepreneurship dedicated to the delivery of healthy snacks made from natural and high-quality ingredients, with an attractive and environmentally responsible presentation. In order to achieve this project, an extensive analysis was carried out that included the following: Validation of the Business Model, Internal and External Analysis, Development of the Business Plan, Operation Plan, Marketing Plan, Human Resources Plan, Corporate Social Responsibility Plan and Financial plan. All this in order to validate the viability of the project and take it to completion. / Trabajo de investigación

The Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework is a new system for creating customized translation quality assessment and evaluation metrics designed to fit specific translation needs. In this study I test the viability of MQM to determine whether the framework in its current state is ready for implementation as a quality assessment framework in the translation industry. Other contributions from this study include: (1) online software for designing and using metrics based on the MQM framework; (2) a survey of the typical, real-world quality assessment and evaluation practices of language service providers in the translation industry; and (3) a measurement scale for determining the viability of translation quality assessment and evaluation frameworks such as MQM. The study demonstrates that the MQM framework is a viable solution when it comes to the validity and practicality of creating translation quality metrics for the translation industry. It is not clear whether those metrics can be used reliably without extensive training of qualified assessors on the use of MQM metrics.

There is a global and growing sustainability agenda for surface transport yet there are no specific means of assessing the relative sustainability of infrastructure equipment. Transport noise reduction devices are a significant part of the surface transport infrastructure: they specifically address environmental and social needs, have a high economic impact, and involve a wide range of raw materials raising multiple technical issues. The paper presents an account of the bespoke tool developed for assessing the sustainability of transport noise reduction devices. Regulatory standards for noise reduction devices and the relevant sustainability assessment tools and procedures adopted worldwide were reviewed in order to produce a set of pertinent sustainability criteria and indicators for NRDs projects, which were reviewed and edited during a stakeholder engagement process. A decision making process for assessing the relative sustainability of noise reduction devices was formulated following the review of the literature. Two key stages were identified: (1) collection of data for criteria fulfillment evaluation and (2) multi-criteria analysis for assessing the sustainability of noise reduction devices. Appropriate tools and methods for achieving both objectives are recommended.

El negocio presentado consiste en la elaboración de una lonchera desplegable con su complemento que son envases de material biodegradable, son productos que cumplen los estándares de calidad y contribuyen al medio ambiente, que brindan la facilidad de transportar los alimentos de un lugar a otro, sin llevar tantas cosas en las manos y puedan continuar con la rutina diaria con satisfacción. Estos productos serán mostrados a través de nuestra página web, radio y redes sociales. Toda esta gestión será supervisada por los perfiles de puestos idóneos para cada actividad dentro de la empresa, que fueron seleccionados a gran detalle para evitar falencias y/o incidentes a futuro en los procesos internos de la empresa. La inversión estimada para iniciar las operaciones en la empresa será S/ 444,814.38 soles, esto permitirá implementar la creación de la página Web y cubrir los gastos de marketing, iniciando de esta manera la elaboración y comercialización de los productos y con esto obtener una proyección de ventas favorable durante los 05 primeros años. Los emprendedores aportaran el 40% del capital, pero se necesitará de inversión externa para cubrir el otro 60%. Donde se le retribuirá al inversionista una rentabilidad de 13% anual y una participación del 2% de las ventas para el segundo año. El equipo de emprendedores está integrado por 4 futuros egresados de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias aplicadas, todos con experiencia en diferentes campos empresariales sobre las cuales se apoya y recae este proyecto innovador y rentable que le facilitara la vida a muchas personas. / The presented business consists in the elaboration of a folding lunchbox with its complement that are containers of Eco-friendly material, they are products that meet quality standards and contribute to the environment, which provide the facility to transport food from one place to another, without carry so many things in your hands and can continue with the daily routine with satisfaction. These products will be shown through our website, radio and social networks. All this management will be supervised by the profiles of suitable positions for each activity within the company, which were selected in great detail to avoid failures and / or future incidents in the internal processes of the company. The estimated investment to start operations in the company will be S / 444,814.38 soles, this will allow the implementation of the website and cover the marketing expenses, thus initiating the preparation and marketing of the products and thus obtaining a projection of favorable sales during the first 5 years. Entrepreneurs will contribute 40% of the capital, but external investment will be needed to cover the other 60%. Where the investor will be rewarded with a 13% annual return and a 2% share of sales for the second year. The team of entrepreneurs is composed of 4 future graduates of the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, all with experience in different business fields on which this innovative and profitable project is based and which will make life easier for many people. / Tesis

This thesis covers the uncertainty of empirical prediction. As opposed to objectivity, I will discuss the practicality of statistics. Practicality defined as "useful" in an unbiased sense, in relation to something in the external world that we care about. We want our model of prediction to give us unbiased inference whilst also being able to speak about something we care about. For the reasons explained, the inherent uncertainty of statistics undermines the unbiased inference for many methods. Bayesian Statistics, by valuing hypotheses is more plausible but ultimately cannot arrive at an unbiased inference. I posit the value theory of money as a concept that might be able to allow us to derive unbiased inferences from while still being something we care about. However, money is of instrumental value, ultimately being worth less than an object of “transcendental value.” Which I define as something that is worth more than money since money’s purpose is to help us achieve “transcendental value” under the value theory. Ultimately, as long as an individual has faith in a given hypothesis it will be worth more than any hypothesis valued with money. From there we undermine statistic’s practicality as it seems as though without the concept of money we have no manner of valuing hypotheses unbiasedly, and uncertainty undermines the “objective” inferences we might have been able to make.

Despite having access to volumes of information, women newly diagnosed with breast cancer report a moderate level of distress related to their diagnosis, treatment, life expectancy, threat to current roles, and life-changing surgery and treatment choices. Web sites designed to teach people strategies to reduce distress are readily available online. The online format may be useful and practical for women who can access the site at their convenience, learn the components of the interventions at their own pace, and practice the strategies in the comfort of their home. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an online Mind-Body web site (http://www.www.preparingforyoursurgery.com) designed to reduce distress related to surgery for its usability, practicality, and appropriateness for women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Results of this study will be used to either adopt use of the web site into standard of care at our cancer center or explore development of a similar web site to meet the needs of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Women recently diagnosed with breast cancer, who had breast cancer surgery in the past 60 days, were asked to evaluate an online Mind-Body web site and then respond to an online questionnaire measuring the web site usability, practicality, and appropriateness. Thirty-one women evaluated the web site and completed the online survey. The majority of women agreed the web site is useful, practical, appropriate, and would recommend to others. There was no significant relationship between age, income, level of education, frequency of Internet use, or experience with Mind-Body techniques and women who agreed the web site is useful, appropriate, or practical compared to women who were neutral or disagreed the web site iii is useful, appropriate, or practical. The results of this study suggest the web site could be introduced to women newly diagnosed with breast cancer at our cancer center regardless of age, income, education, frequency of Internet use, or experience with Mind-Body techniques.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Madja de Sousa Moura Florencio.pdf: 550689 bytes, checksum: b5984e9b025854c8c9f27fc8dd81ebc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / The phenomenon of practicality, seen as a means of simplifying laws, is essential to the modern world. The issue gains importance in the present day, with complex relationships held in mass society, which require the use of increasingly modern instruments to materialize commands. The issue has more relevance in the taxpaying field, where practicality appears as essential to the efficiency of state revenue collection device. This paper aims at pointing out, through bibliographical research, constitutionally imposed limits on the use of practicality, in order to show that this principle is mainly turned over to reaching fair taxing and not just for the sake of simplifying the State taxation activity / O fenômeno da praticabilidade, tido como instrumento de simplificação das leis, é essencial ao mundo moderno. A temática ganha importância nos dias atuais, com as complexas relações travadas na sociedade de massa, que exigem a utilização de mecanismos cada vez mais modernos para a concretização dos comandos legais. A questão apresenta maior relevância no campo tributário, onde a praticabilidade mostrase imprescindível para a eficiência do aparelho arrecadatório estatal. O presente trabalho visa apontar, através de pesquisa doutrinária, os limites constitucionalmente impostos para a utilização da praticabilidade, com vistas a demonstrar que este princípio se volta, sobretudo, para o alcance da justiça fiscal e não apenas em prol da simplificação da atividade tributária em favor do Estado

Nos dias atuais, em razão de vários fatores, está se tornando cada vez mais impraticável à administração pública garantir o cumprimento da arrecadação e fiscalização tributária. As normas simplificadoras, criadas em nome da praticabilidade, é a solução de compromisso que permite a garantia da tributação de todos, mas sem o custo irrazoável do aparato administrativo para averiguação individual de cada caso concreto. Deixar de avaliar individualmente cada caso na aplicação da lei tributária pode representar uma afronta aos princípios da segurança jurídica, legalidade, igualdade, capacidade contributiva entre outros. Analisar as soluções que atendam esta demanda pela praticabilidade e que não agridam a justiça individual assegurada pelos princípios constitucionais é o que visa esta dissertação. Entre as técnicas de simplificação abordadas, ressaltam-se as presunções e as ficções. As normas simplificadoras, como objeto de estudo, serão identificadas dentro do universo das normas tributárias verificando-se sua finalidade extrafiscal. A Praticabilidade é estudada, trazendo-se um conceito, que a identifica como de caráter principiológico e sua relação com o princípio da eficiência. Como princípio a Praticabilidade é confrontada com: segurança jurídica, legalidade, igualdade, capacidade contributiva, justiça fiscal, discriminação constitucional de competências, proporcionalidade, razoabilidade, neutralidade e proibição de confisco, identificando os limites jurídicos impostos à sua utilização. No estudo de casos, estes limites são verificados e confrontados com o posicionamento mais atual da jurisprudência. / Nowadays, due to various factors, it is becoming increasingly impractical to government enforce the tax collection and enforcement. The simplifying rules, created in the name of practicality, is a compromise that allows the guarantee of all taxes, but without the unreasonable cost of the administrative apparatus for individual investigation of each case. Failure to evaluate each case individually when applying the tax law may represent an affront to the principles of legal certainty, legality, equality, fiscal capacity among others. Analyze solutions to meet this demand by practicality and do not harm the individual justice guaranteed by the constitutional principles is what this thesis aims. Among the techniques addressed for simplification, we emphasize the presumptions and fictions. The simplifying rules, as an object of study, will be identified within the universe of tax rules checking its extrafiscal purpose. The Feasibility study is bringing up a concept, identifying it as a principiológico character and its relation to the principle of efficiency. In principle the Feasibility is confronted with legal certainty legality, equality, ability to pay, taxation, constitutional powers of discrimination, proportionality fairness, neutrality and prohibiting confiscation, identifying the legal limits on its use. In the case studies, these limits are checked and compared with the most current positioning of jurisprudence.