A substantial body of literature links precarious employment with increased exposure to occupational hazards and adverse OHS outcomes. While a majority of these studies has found that precarious work has adverse effects on OHS outcomes, findings are more mixed with regard to temporary employment (the focus of this study), and there are still many gaps in the research that have yet to be addressed. Various models have been proposed in an attempt to explain the causal mechanisms behind the health effects of precarious employment. However, relatively few studies have empirically investigated these mechanisms. There is also a dearth of research on the effects of precarious work on OHS outcomes in parts of the service sector, such as hospitality, despite the fact that these industries make extensive use of precarious work arrangements. Further, few studies have been based on international comparative data (and even fewer where the focus has been on a particular industry). This thesis seeks to address these gaps by investigating OHS outcomes of hotel workers engaged under different employment arrangements in Ireland and Australia. There are two principle objectives to the study. The first is to examine OHS outcomes, while the second is to test and refine the Quinlan, Mayhew and Bohle (2001) Three Factor Model in an attempt to explain the links between health and precarious employment. It also aims to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms by which these factors interact to influence outcomes. This study defines and tests a health and injury structural model. The structural equation modelling techniques employed have not been used in previous studies in this area and provide a clearer portrayal of the complex relationships between the many variables affecting the OHS of precarious employees in the hotel industry. The OHS outcomes range from exposure to occupational violence and stress to a wide variety of debilitating physical ailments. This research also highlights several indirect or spillover effects of precarious employment. The inconsistencies between both locations are mainly regarding perceived job security, economic and reward pressures and lack of control over working hours. Despite these differences, there are basic similarities between the locations that are important.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-01T20:30:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Silvia Maria Bahia.pdf: 1195248 bytes, checksum: 5d5a8dab85bcf689c85d32b4cb1c2149 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-05T20:18:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Silvia Maria Bahia.pdf: 1195248 bytes, checksum: 5d5a8dab85bcf689c85d32b4cb1c2149 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T20:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins, Silvia Maria Bahia.pdf: 1195248 bytes, checksum: 5d5a8dab85bcf689c85d32b4cb1c2149 (MD5) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar as características da subcontratação nas associações de costureiras da Península de Itapagipe, Salvador-Bahia, que trabalham sob os moldes da facção, de modo a compreender seus impactos nas relações e nas condições de trabalho sobre as referidas trabalhadoras. Concebe-se que os processos de flexibilização produtiva no setor de confecções potencializaram a precarização da força de trabalho, especialmente a feminina, combinando novas estratégias de organização da produção, supostamente emancipadas, e manutenção de formas antigas de trabalho, reprodutoras da dominação pelo capital. A facção de costura em associações é uma das sínteses itapagipanas. Entrevistas e vivência do cotidiano de trabalho das costureiras permeiam a pesquisa empírica, ancorada na dialética. This study aims to analyze the main characteristics of subcontracting in the associations of seamstresses Peninsula Itapagipe, Salvador-Bahia, working with faction, in order to understand its impact on relationships and working conditions on workers. It is conceived that the processes of productions flexibility in the garment sector have worsened the precarious nature of the workforce, especially women, combining new strategies of organizing production, supposedly emancipated, and maintenance of older work, reproducing the domination of capital. A faction of stitching is the synthesis itapagipana associations. Interviews and experience of the daily work of the seamstresses permeate the empirical work, anchored in the dialectic.

Cette recherche se propose d’analyser, à partir du cas des ouvriers de l’assistance aéroportuaire en piste en Île-de-France, le processus de modernisation du travail qui transforme les régulations du travail et de l’emploi dans deux directions apparemment opposées: 1/ un mouvement de dérégulation, initié par les politiques de libéralisation du transport aérien, provoque la fragmentation des structures économiques par l’externalisation des activités d’assistance au sol et la déstabilisation des groupes professionnels. Au niveau des sociétés d’assistance en piste, la diffusion de l’emploi précaire et la gestion concurrentielle du personnel segmente le groupe ouvrier et en déstabilise les régulations informelles. 2/ un retour des régulations, en premier lieu de contrôle suivant des orientations sécuritaire dans une logique de prévention des risques et de discipline des salariés et industrielle selon un principe de flux tendu et une démarche qualité. Au niveau informel, se développent arrangements et loyautés entre personnels d’exécution et d’encadrement, en réponse à l’intensification du travail et à la précarisation de l’emploi. De nouvelles formes de solidarité entre ouvriers, de nature ethnique, générationnelle ou statutaire tendent à se substituer à la solidarité de métier défaillante. Nous défendrons alors la thèse suivante : dans le cadre du secteur libéralisé et sous-traité de l’assistance en piste, les sociétés soumettent leurs salariés à un régime concurrentiel traduisant des logiques de marché, en rupture avec la régulation précédente. Afin d’éviter les effets contre-productifs de cette gestion du personnel et de garantir aux compagnies clientes une certaine « qualité de services », le management redéfinit une régulation de contrôle du travail plus contraignante fondée sur la responsabilité individuelle. Dans ce contexte, les ouvriers de piste parviennent à tenir au travail par le biais de défenses, de solidarités ethniques et d’arrangements informels avec l’encadrement, mais au prix de souffrances individuelles et de la fragmentation du collectif de travail et de la régulation autonome dont il est le support. / This research aims at analyzing, based on the case of the ramp handling workers on Paris airports, the process of work rationalization which transforms work and employment regulations in two, apparently opposed, directions:1/ a deregulating motion, initiated by air transport liberalization policies, fragments the market structures through outsourcing ground handling services and destabilizes professional groups. The progress of insecure employment and competitive workforce management within ramp handling firms divides the work group and undermine its informal regulations. 2/ a regulatory fallout, first defined by the increase of the managerial control on work on security issues, to ensure risk prevention and workers discipline, and on industrial issues, to implement just in time production and quality management. Informal agreements and loyalties are formed between workers and supervisors to compensate work intensification and job insecurity. New models of solidarities at work of ethnic, generational and positional natures emerged in the context of the decline of the traditional professional culture. We will then defend the following argument: in the liberalized and outsourced sector of ground handling services, the management of the workforce evolved towards a higher degree of competition between employees reflecting the market pressure. So as to prevent the counter-productive effects of this human resources model and to ensure good service quality to the airline companies, managers redefine a more constraining set of work rules based on individual responsibility. Within this context, ramp agents manage to hold on at work by means of psychological defenses, ethnic bonding and informal loyalties with the supervisory staff, but at the price of individual sufferings and the fragmentation of the work group and its regulations.

Orientadora: Neusa Maria Dal Ri / Banca: Cândido Giraldez Vieitez / Banca: Érika Porceli Alaniz / Resumo: A implementação das políticas neoliberais no país, em especial a partir da década de 1990, levou à reforma do Estado nacional e intensificou a precarização do trabalho de um modo geral. A precarização do trabalho atingiu também o segmento do professorado. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar as condições de precarização do trabalho docente na educação infantil do município de Marília. Para atingir o objetivo procedemos ao exame das políticas neoliberais incorporadas às políticas públicas educacionais e, em especial, as referentes ao município. Os procedimentos utilizados neste estudo foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Nessa perspectiva, analisamos a legislação nacional, a legislação do município, especialmente o Estatuto Municipal do Magistério e suas respectivas modificações, semanários de professoras da educação infantil da rede municipal e Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos de algumas escolas de educação infantil do município. Os dados obtidos revelaram que a precarização do trabalho dos docentes na educação infantil se materializa na dupla jornada de trabalho (Jornada Especial); na flexibilização de contratos de trabalho; no controle do trabalho e na desvalorização intelectual do professor; na ausência do plano de carreia do magistério; e na deficiente política salarial da categoria. / Abstract: The implementation of neoliberal policies in the country, especially since the 1990s, has led to the reform of the national state and intensified the precariousness of labor in general. The precariousness of the work also affected the teaching segment. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the precarious conditions of the teaching work in children's education in the municipality of Marília. In order to reach the objective we proceeded to the examination of the neoliberal policies incorporated to the educational public policies, and especially those referring to the municipality. The procedures used in this study were bibliographic research and documentary research. From this perspective, we analyze the national legislation, the municipal legislation, especially the Municipal Statute of the Magisterium and its respective modifications, weeklies of teachers of the children's education of the municipal network and Educational Political Projects of some schools of pre-school education in the municipality. The data obtained revealed that the precariousness of the work of teachers in early childhood education is materialized in the double working day (Special Day); in the flexibilization of labor contracts; in the control of work and in the intellectual devaluation of the teacher; in the absence of the master's degree plan; and the poor salary policy of the category. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao josue carvalho sociologia.pdf: 536486 bytes, checksum: 5ad3279b3f6ee811a39036cf3978ab2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-07 / The study aims to discuss the outsourcing process marked by the call restructuring process that began around the last quarter of the twentieth century. Thus, from the cooling process of accumulation Fordist / Keynesian Concomitant with the development of flexible forms of production sustained in revival of liberalism, we seek to understand the socioeconomic context in which outsourcing takes place, and then investigate their impact on social relations work in order that the use of outsourcing is a strategy flexible organization of production and work. The attention to the fact that in the midst of capitalist restructuring turns out a significant growth services sector (including in relation to the absorption of manpower) over a relative shrinkage in the agricultural and industrial sectors, directs the focus of empirical research for the "production" of services, especially in the subsector banking. Moreover, this approach is due to some lack of studies on the sector services in Brazil, by the sociology and economics work. Part empirical occurred through conducting a case study in a bank official which houses workers on staff and outsource its dependencies. The survey results point to aspects such as: fragmentation union representation, identity conflicts between contractors and banks, upward immobility of outsourcing, wage reductions of direct and indirect workers, contractors who develop end-activities of the acquiring bank, weakening of the employment relationship and so on. Regarding the theoretical foundation, the study is guided by the notions of productive restructuring; "capital symbolic ", elaborated by Bourdieu, of" regulated citizenship "discussed by Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos; "new social question", discussed by Castel; work identities from the perspective of Claude Dubar / O estudo pretendeu discutir o processo de terceirização acentuado pela chamada reestruturação produtiva iniciada por volta do último quarto do século XX. Assim, a partir do arrefecimento do processo de acumulação fordista/keynesiano concomitante ao desenvolvimento de formas flexíveis de produção sustentadas na retomada do liberalismo, busca-se compreender o contexto socioeconômico em que se dá a terceirização, para então investigar seus impactos sobre as relações sociais de trabalho, tendo em vista que o uso da terceirização constitui uma estratégia de flexibilização da organização da produção e do trabalho. A atenção ao fato de que no bojo da reestruturação capitalista se constata um significativo crescimento do setor de serviços (inclusive em relação à absorção de mão-de-obra) em detrimento de uma relativa retração dos setores agrícola e industrial, orienta o foco da investigação empírica para a produção de serviços, notadamente no subsetor bancário. Ademais, esse enfoque se deve a certa escassez de estudos sobre o setor de serviços do Brasil, por parte da Sociologia e Economia do trabalho. A parte empírica se deu por meio da realização de um estudo de caso em um banco oficial que abriga trabalhadores efetivos e terceirizados em suas dependências. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para aspectos como: fragmentação da representação sindical, conflitos identitários entre terceirizados e bancários, imobilidade ascendente dos terceirizados, redução de salário direto e indireto dos trabalhadores, terceirizados que desenvolvem atividades-fim do banco contratante, fragilização do vínculo empregatício e etc. No que tange ao fundamento teórico, o estudo se orienta por meio das noções de reestruturação produtiva; de capital simbólico , elaborada por Bourdieu; de cidadania regulada , discutida por Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos; de nova questão social , problematizada por Castel; de identidades laborais na perspectiva de Claude Dubar

This study focuses on video game developers and their working environments in a growth industry. While some research documents the culture of video games and the people who play them, much less is understood about the labor environment for those who make games. I conducted 20 personal interviews with game developers in order to learn more about what inspired them to select this field, how they gained entry to it, and what their work is like today. Using insights from the interviews, I analyze how workers contend with its male-dominated culture and how creative skilled laborers deal with the challenges of corporate control and precarious work in the new economy.

There has been an increase in literature involving female academic staff on precarious employment contracts and how they balance their work and family lives. However, research involving male academic staff on insecure contracts with children is limited, particularly within the South African context. My thesis addressed this gap by exploring how precariously employed men in higher education institutions in Cape Town understand the concepts of fatherhood, their own practices of fathering, and what influence their employment has on their involvement with their children. Given that precarious employment in higher education institutions is a salient problem in South Africa, this study investigated the ways in which such employment conditions in higher education shape fathering practices. This study was informed by a broader study, which aimed to understand (a) how men in precarious employment in the formal and informal employment sectors define fatherhood, (b) what practices they associate with fathering, and (c) how, if at all, their employment conditions shape their fathering practices. I conducted a qualitative research study using purposive and snowball sampling methods to procure a sample of seven men aged 34 to 57 years old. Data was collected through individual, semi-structured interviews. I used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to understand the fathers' experiences. Findings from the study show that fatherhood is constructed through the participants' ability to provide for their families and be responsible role models to their children. Having a good relationship with their children is important for the men, and they establish these relationships by spending time with their children. The findings also show that participants perceived HEIs as exploitative, relying on PhD students who are in the process of establishing their academic careers for teaching purposes. The income received by the men on these non-permanent contracts is not sufficient for them to provide for themselves and their families, and they therefore work multiple jobs so that they can receive a better income. The fathers' experiences also show that precarious employment conditions in higher education institutions enable some fathers to be involved in their children's care due to flexibility in their working hours. However, for some of the men, father and child co-residence was prohibited by migration, resulting in reduced contact with their children.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo trazer um estudo teórico-bibliográfico exploratório sobre a precarização do trabalho, dos direitos e da política previdenciária no contexto brasileiro. Baseado na teoria social de Marx, o esforço de análise parte do tratamento da figura do trabalho no que se refere à proteção social no decorrer do último século e na atualidade no cenário brasileiro. Busca também situar o processo de regulamentação das profissões como marca histórico-institucional da relação entre capital e trabalho, donde emerge inclusive a formulação da concepção de cidadania. Enfoca a questão da proteção social previdenciária em face da trajetória de conformação do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Tal movimento induz à tentativa de reconstrução do processo de formação, de estruturação e recentemente de desestruturação do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, o qual, entende-se, tem suas raízes na formação social brasileira e na natureza das relações desenvolvidas entre capital e trabalho ao longo do último século. Verifica-se um adensamento das seqüelas sociais iniciadas no período e a redução das expectativas de consolidação da chamada sociedade salarial. Em tempos de Contra-Reforma, as drásticas alterações no mundo do trabalho e a flexibilização das relações de produção capitalistas se potencializam. Em relação à postura estatal, verifica-se ainda uma priorização dos interesses mercantis em detrimento das reais necessidades do Trabalho, o que se demonstra através dos Programas de Inclusão Previdenciária Plano Simplificado de Previdência e a cobertura ao Microempreendedor Individual -, como meio de resposta do Estado à questão da informalidade. As tendências identificadas a partir desta análise são de persistência e aprofundamento da precarização na cobertura, dada pela restrição ao acesso aos benefícios previdenciários, previstos em lei, que se traduz numa segmentação de direitos. O estudo realizado se consubstanciou em uma abordagem exploratória teórico-bibliográfica, onde se buscou estabelecer correlação entre o conteúdo bibliográfico, a legislação pertinente, dados estatísticos e outros documentos oficiais. / This work aims to bring a theoretical and exploratory literature on precarious employment, rights and welfare policy in the Brazilian context. Based on the social theory of Marx, the analytical effort begins with the treatment given to the figure of the work in relation to social protection in the course of the last century and today in Brazilian context. It also seeks to situate the process of regulation of professions as brand historical-institutional relationship between capital and labor, from which emerges including the formulation of the concept of citizenship . Focuses on the issue of social protection social security in the face of trajectory shaping the Brazilian labor market. This movement leads to attempt to reconstruct the process of formation, structuring and - recently - the destructuring of the Brazilian labor market which, it is understood, has its roots in Brazilian social formation and the nature of relationships developed between capital and labor over the last century. There is an intensification of social negative effects initiated in the period and reduced expectations consolidation of the so called salaried society. In times of Counter-Reformation, the drastic changes in the world of work and relaxation of capitalist production relations are intensified. Regarding posture of the government, there is also a priority of the mercantile interests in detriment of the real needs of the labor, which is shown through the Programs" Inclusion " Social Security - Simplified Pension Plan and the coverage to the Individual Micro Entrepreneur - as a means of State's response to the issue of informality. Trends identified from this analysis are persistence and deepening instability in the coverage given by the restriction of access to social security benefits provided by law, which expresses a segmentation of rights. The study is an exploratory approach embodied in theoretical literature, which sought to establish a correlation between the content literature, relevant legislation, statistical and other official documents.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo trazer um estudo teórico-bibliográfico exploratório sobre a precarização do trabalho, dos direitos e da política previdenciária no contexto brasileiro. Baseado na teoria social de Marx, o esforço de análise parte do tratamento da figura do trabalho no que se refere à proteção social no decorrer do último século e na atualidade no cenário brasileiro. Busca também situar o processo de regulamentação das profissões como marca histórico-institucional da relação entre capital e trabalho, donde emerge inclusive a formulação da concepção de cidadania. Enfoca a questão da proteção social previdenciária em face da trajetória de conformação do mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Tal movimento induz à tentativa de reconstrução do processo de formação, de estruturação e recentemente de desestruturação do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, o qual, entende-se, tem suas raízes na formação social brasileira e na natureza das relações desenvolvidas entre capital e trabalho ao longo do último século. Verifica-se um adensamento das seqüelas sociais iniciadas no período e a redução das expectativas de consolidação da chamada sociedade salarial. Em tempos de Contra-Reforma, as drásticas alterações no mundo do trabalho e a flexibilização das relações de produção capitalistas se potencializam. Em relação à postura estatal, verifica-se ainda uma priorização dos interesses mercantis em detrimento das reais necessidades do Trabalho, o que se demonstra através dos Programas de Inclusão Previdenciária Plano Simplificado de Previdência e a cobertura ao Microempreendedor Individual -, como meio de resposta do Estado à questão da informalidade. As tendências identificadas a partir desta análise são de persistência e aprofundamento da precarização na cobertura, dada pela restrição ao acesso aos benefícios previdenciários, previstos em lei, que se traduz numa segmentação de direitos. O estudo realizado se consubstanciou em uma abordagem exploratória teórico-bibliográfica, onde se buscou estabelecer correlação entre o conteúdo bibliográfico, a legislação pertinente, dados estatísticos e outros documentos oficiais. / This work aims to bring a theoretical and exploratory literature on precarious employment, rights and welfare policy in the Brazilian context. Based on the social theory of Marx, the analytical effort begins with the treatment given to the figure of the work in relation to social protection in the course of the last century and today in Brazilian context. It also seeks to situate the process of regulation of professions as brand historical-institutional relationship between capital and labor, from which emerges including the formulation of the concept of citizenship . Focuses on the issue of social protection social security in the face of trajectory shaping the Brazilian labor market. This movement leads to attempt to reconstruct the process of formation, structuring and - recently - the destructuring of the Brazilian labor market which, it is understood, has its roots in Brazilian social formation and the nature of relationships developed between capital and labor over the last century. There is an intensification of social negative effects initiated in the period and reduced expectations consolidation of the so called salaried society. In times of Counter-Reformation, the drastic changes in the world of work and relaxation of capitalist production relations are intensified. Regarding posture of the government, there is also a priority of the mercantile interests in detriment of the real needs of the labor, which is shown through the Programs" Inclusion " Social Security - Simplified Pension Plan and the coverage to the Individual Micro Entrepreneur - as a means of State's response to the issue of informality. Trends identified from this analysis are persistence and deepening instability in the coverage given by the restriction of access to social security benefits provided by law, which expresses a segmentation of rights. The study is an exploratory approach embodied in theoretical literature, which sought to establish a correlation between the content literature, relevant legislation, statistical and other official documents.

In the last decades, scholars from different disciplines, ranging from economy to law, have tried to better identify and target the working poor in order to provide them with legal protection. Some have referred to categories such as ‘non-standard or precarious forms of employment,’ ‘informal labor’ and ‘popular economy’ to refer to the working poor. My dissertation questions those categories and their ability to target the workers most in need, as well as their underlying assumptions that the activities of the working poor are not regulated by law, but rather fall into a legal vacuum. Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, I conducted research with one group of vulnerable workers (whom I refer to as street rebuscadores) in Bogotá (Colombia) to answer two main questions: 1) how can we better target and characterize the social grouping to whom the most vulnerable segment of the working poor in Bogotá belongs? 2) How do both State and non-State legal regimes, such as constitutional law, labour law and derecho de policía, interact to influence the productive strategies of the most vulnerable workers in Bogotá? Following Bourdieu’s theory of practice, I found that street rebuscadores constitute the most vulnerable segment of the working poor in a city deeply segregated by class, that they share a similar volume and composition of overall capital (or habitus) and that they share similar practices associated with that habitus. Following a legal pluralist approach, I also concluded that as a social group engaging in regulatory activities, street rebuscadores are situated in a semi-autonomous social field generating internal normative rules, but that is also vulnerable to rules from the larger social matrix in which it is situated. Within that semi-autonomous social field, the vulnerability of street rebuscadores is legally constructed and accentuated by the State, and existing regulatory frameworks are perpetuating and reproducing their condition, although not without resistance.