The object of this study was to find out, what the by breast cancer affected women know about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they were breast-feeding and whether they know the risk factors of the forming of this sickness. The further object was to find out which knowledge the puerperas have about the protective effect of the breast-feeding, how long they plan to breast-feed and when, from who and which information they obtain about the breast-feeding. On the basis of dialogues was found out that the women with breast cancer know very little about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. Most of them never obtained information from anybody, only some of them heard or read about the protective effect of the breast-feeding. The relationship between the breast-feeding and cancer occurrence was approved, as only one of the women breast fed for more than a year. There is a minimal knowledge of women about the risk factors. Generally, they showed three risk factors which means that the knowledge is deficient and that the education in field of precaution is necessary. In the second part of the research it was found out that the education about breast-feeding is insufficient in the maternity hospital. The hospital nurses provide information about the breast-feeding technique and the care about breasts only. The women obtained information about the protective effect of the breast-feeding at the antenatal courses, some of them from web sites or print media. The puerperas plan to breast-feed for 11.5 months on an average which shows a very positive attitude to the breast-feeding of the children.

The aim of this master thesis is analysis of the problems of anti erosion precaution on the interface basin. The part of this work is literature contains where are described erosion phenomenons and calculation and anti erosion precaution of soil against water erosion. Erosion is calculated by using the universal equation Wischmeier Smith Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Soil loss is solved within the basin catchment, not within administrative boundaries. For this master thesis was chosen cadastral areas Pohorovice, Kloub and Lidmovice. The resulting values are compared with values of a land adjustment project. To reduce erosion loss and protection of agricultural land resources are proposed anti erosion precaution.

Orientador: Ione Corrêa / Resumo: Introdução: Estima-se que mais de quatro milhões de pacientes na Europa e 1,7 milhões nos Estados Unidos desenvolvam uma infecção a cada ano, com maior prevalência nos países em desenvolvimento. A taxa de incidência de letalidade devida às infecções hospitalares foi de 27,88% no Brasil. A propagação de micro-organismos de um paciente para outro, por meio das mãos dos profissionais de saúde, contaminados pode ser interrompida com a higienização das mãos, com água e sabão, ou a higiene das mãos à base de álcool etílico a 70% e pelo uso de luvas. O uso de paramentação diminui a transmissão de micro-organismos veiculados nos uniformes dos trabalhadores de saúde. O sistema de precaução padrão e/ou baseada nas vias de transmissão de micro-organismos tem sido adotado em todo o mundo, com atualizações periódicas desde sua primeira publicação. Sendo necessário transmitir o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos de disseminação e o uso das precauções de isolamento preconizadas pelo Centers for Disease Control. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de diferentes intervenções para aumentar a adesão ao uso das medidas de precauções padrão e/ou baseado na via de transmissão de micro-organismos no cuidado ao paciente. Método: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados e não randomizados, séries temporais e estudos controlados antes e depois avaliando a efetividade de diferentes intervenções para aumentar a adesão ao uso das medidas de precauções padrão e/ou baseado na via de transmissão de mi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: It is estimated that more than four million patients in Europe and 1.7 million in the United States develop an infection each year, with a higher prevalence in developing countries. The case fatality rate due to the incidence of nosocomial infections was 27.88% in Brazil. The spread of microorganisms from one patient to another via the hands of healthcare workers, contaminated may be interrupted with hand hygiene with soap and water, or hand hygiene to ethyl alcohol based 70% and when using gloves. The use of scrub decreases the transmission of microorganisms served in the uniforms of health workers. The standard precaution system and / or based on microorganisms routes of transmission have been adopted worldwide, with periodic updates from its first publication. It is necessary to transmit knowledge of the dissemination mechanisms and the use of isolation precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions to improve adherence to the use of standard precautions and / or based on the route of transmission of microorganisms in patient care. Methods: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized, time series and controlled studies before and after evaluating the effectiveness of different interventions to improve adherence to the use of standard precautions and / or based on the path of microorganisms transmission in patient care. Relevant studies were identified thr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:10:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoneCS_DISSERT.pdf: 2575872 bytes, checksum: 1a1ce3daf2fca801f32777d365a97af6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte / The objective of the present work is to verify the effects of Rural Social welfare in the family agriculture of the microrregi?o Serra de S?o Miguel-RN. The study based on available bibliography on the theme, in secondary data and in a rising amostral accomplished in three municipal districts (Encanto, S?o Miguel and Riacho de Santana) of the microrregi?o. The universe of the study was the establishments of the family agriculture appeared in the Agricultural Census of 2006, in those municipal districts. The unit of considered analysis was the rural family, with the interviews being applied close to the farmers' families with and without retired rural. The sample was of 94 present families in the family establishments. The results demonstrate that the Rural Precaution reaches a significant covering degree in the rural area of the researched municipal districts, with an average of 1,57 beneficiaries for home in the families with retired. The data of the research attest that the family agriculture in the microrregi?o Serra de S?o Miguel-RN it has few favorable conditions for his/her development, once, besides the shortage of lands and of the climatic factor of the area, the returned public politics the family farmers' totality - like PRONAF and PAA -, it has been unable to give effective answers for the improvement of the life conditions in the rural way, have seen the minimum amount of families reached by those politics, be in function of the drawing or of the atmosphere where they are done. In this context, he/she stands out the importance of the Rural Precaution that, in function of the application of the constitutional devices that you/they guaranteed his/her universalization, it has been the only relevant public politics that, in fact, it has been reaching her/it all their beneficiary potentials. Given the general situation of the family agriculture of the microrregi?o and of the specific characteristics of the researched family establishments, the hypothesis was corroborated that the rural retirement doesn't contribute directly to the increase / making possible of the family agriculture. In spite of 57,4% of the families with retired have declared to use resources of the retirement in the costing of the rural activity carried out by the family, the annual medium value of the expense just located around 7,02% of the annual value of the retirements gained by the families in the year of 2010. Data the low levels in that the social reproduction of the great majority of the family establishments of the microrregi?o, the maintenance of the families is operated represents the main destiny of the resources precautions. It was also confirmed the hypothesis that the Rural Precaution constitutes the main monetary contribution of the families with retired. For more than 93% of the families with retired, the retirements doing 50% or more of the total of the family monetary income, and in the composition of the rural income of the families with retired and pensioners, the originating from income the rural retirements are equal to 65,24% of the total of the annual income obtained by the families. It is ended, because, that the rural precaution, given to the adversities for the development of the family agriculture, of the operational inefficacy of the public politics and of the few opportunities of generation of existent income in the local savings, it is the main responsible for the reduction of the poverty and, consequently, for the improvements of the conditions of life of the families of and with seniors in the rural way of the microrregi?o Serra de S?o Miguel-RN / O objetivo do presente trabalho ? verificar os efeitos da Previd?ncia Social Rural na agricultura familiar da microrregi?o Serra de S?o Miguel-RN. O estudo baseou-se em bibliografia dispon?vel sobre a tem?tica, em dados secund?rios e em um levantamento amostral realizada em tr?s munic?pios (Encanto, S?o Miguel e Riacho de Santana) da microrregi?o. O universo do estudo foram os estabelecimentos da agricultura familiar apontados no Censo Agropecu?rio de 2006, nesses munic?pios. A unidade de an?lise considerada foi a fam?lia rural, com as entrevistas sendo aplicadas junto ?s fam?lias de agricultores com e sem aposentados rurais. A amostra foi de 94 fam?lias presentes nos estabelecimentos familiares. Os resultados demonstram que a Previd?ncia Rural atinge um grau de cobertura significativo na zona rural dos munic?pios pesquisados, com uma m?dia de 1,57 benefici?rios por domic?lio nas fam?lias com aposentados. Os dados da pesquisa atestam que a agricultura familiar na microrregi?o Serra de S?o Miguel-RN disp?e de poucas condi??es favor?veis para o seu desenvolvimento, uma vez que, al?m da escassez de terras e do fator clim?tico da regi?o, as pol?ticas p?blicas voltadas a totalidade dos agricultores familiares - como o PRONAF e o PAA -, tem sido incapazes de dar respostas efetivas para a melhoria das condi??es de vida no meio rural, haja vista a quantidade m?nima de fam?lias atingidas por essas pol?ticas, seja em fun??o do desenho ou do ambiente onde elas s?o operacionalizadas. Neste contexto, se sobressai a import?ncia da Previd?ncia Rural que, em fun??o da aplica??o dos dispositivos constitucionais que garantiram a sua universaliza??o, tem sido a ?nica pol?tica p?blica relevante que, de fato, tem atingido a todos os seus potenciais benefici?rios. Dada a situa??o geral da agricultura familiar da microrregi?o e das caracter?sticas espec?ficas dos estabelecimentos familiares pesquisados, corroborou-se a hip?tese de que a aposentadoria rural n?o contribui diretamente para o aumento/ viabiliza??o da agricultura familiar. Apesar de 57,4% das fam?lias com aposentados terem declarado utilizar recursos da aposentadoria no custeio da atividade rural desempenhada pela fam?lia, o valor m?dio anual do gasto situou-se apenas em torno de 7,02% do valor anual das aposentadorias auferidas pelas fam?lias no ano de 2010. Dados os baixos n?veis em que se opera a reprodu??o social da grande maioria dos estabelecimentos familiares da microrregi?o, a manuten??o das fam?lias representa o principal destino dos recursos previdenci?rios. Confirmou-se tamb?m a hip?tese de que a Previd?ncia Rural constitui o principal aporte monet?rio das fam?lias com aposentados. Para mais de 93% das fam?lias com aposentados, as aposentadorias perfaziam 50% ou mais do total da renda monet?ria familiar, e na composi??o da renda rural das fam?lias com aposentados e pensionistas, a renda proveniente das aposentadorias rurais equivalem a 65,24% do total da renda anual obtida pelas fam?lias. Conclui-se, pois, que a previd?ncia rural, dadas ?s adversidades para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar, da inefic?cia operacional das pol?ticas p?blicas e das poucas oportunidades de gera??o de renda existente nas economias locais, ? a principal respons?vel pela redu??o da pobreza e, consequentemente, pelas melhorias das condi??es de vida das fam?lias de e com idosos no meio rural da microrregi?o Serra de S?o Miguel-RN

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This thesis explores the nature of cyber-security at the beginning of the 21st century. In the current security paradigm, security strategies based on anticipatory governance have become essential in the management of the constantly changing cyber-security environment. Thus, this thesis aims to understand security strategies and governance introduced in the European region. The increased dependency on cyber-space is visible in all public-private sectors and governmental operations, as well as communications between groups and individuals. As a result, cyber-attacks on public and private entities are increasing. This requires a security framework that is flexible and establishes different types of security cooperation to manage the widespread cyber-risks. This is essential to the development of security strategies, governance forms, practices, and guidelines for enhancing resilience and preparedness towards cyber-risks. Therefore, I am examining cyber-security through the lenses of nodal governance and governmentality, which enables me to understand European cyber-security strategies and governance forms developed by the Council of Europe, the European Union, and the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization. To analyse existing strategies and governance forms, I have used two critical security schools, the Copenhagen School and the Paris School, which cover different aspects of the security agenda. The thesis develops a substantive analytical framework through two case studies, namely cyber-security and cyber-terrorism. The findings in this thesis identifies problem areas, such as the complexity of the nodal system, the legislative lacuna, reliance on different governance forms, transparency and accountability, and types of anticipatory governance and regulatory practices.

Les dommages de masse regroupent de nombreuses situations comme les accidents technologiques, les crises sanitaires ou encore les catastrophes environnementales. Bien qu'elles tendent à se multiplier, ces situations peinent à être prises en compte par le droit pénal actuel. Le but de cette thèse est de rechercher dans quelle mesure le droit pénal peut sanctionner les responsables de tels dommages, quels sont les obstacles à cette prise en compte et comment y pallier. Des questions telles que les difficultés liées à la certitude causale, à la prise en compte de l'ampleur des atteintes portées au corps social ou encore à l'intégration du principe de précaution en droit pénal y sont donc étudiées. / In times of consumerism and mass production, news has provided us examples of technological, sanitary and environmental disasters which have required criminal law. Nevertheless, criminal law doesn’t seem to be perfectly adapted to the reality of mass accidents.In one hand, it appears that the resultant of mass accidents is an assault to a group of people, goods and environmental elements affected by one single harmful event. However, considering that one of the criminal law principles is the indifference to the number of victims, the massive aspect of the mass accident is not taken into account as a resultant of the offence. Thus, these accidents can only be punished by the means of general offences. However, due to the difficulty of establishing the causal link, those offences are not easy to identify. Indeed, such damages are often caused by multiple factors, which leads us to another question about the causal sequence of events and about the certainty of each cause.In the other hand, about repression, mass accidents are often caused by legal entities, which leads us to another difficult question: the criminal liability of societies and enterprises. In the same way, mass accidents are often the resultant of private or public-decisions-makers’ actions or omissions; their link to the offence can follow various rules. The punishment for those massive accidents, especially for the environmental ones, is also a difficult question; therefore, it is necessary to adapt criminal sentences to the specificities of those situations. Eventually, the main question remains the one about the evolution of criminal law, that needs to take into account the collective dimension of massive accidents, notably by creating specifics offences.

The topic of this Diploma's thesis is Road safety inspection in the Zlín region. To start off, I was given 14 dangerous locations in the region of Zlín by the Road Services of Kroměříž; 7 of them at crossroads and 7 outside of crossroads. Then I analysed accident risks and compared the locations among each other according to safety features. Based on the outcome of my analysis, then I chose 2 locations at crossroads and 2 outside of crossroads which I personally visited and conducted analysis on how safe they are. I uncovered potential risks which could lead to traffic accidents and suggested solutions that eliminate or minimise that risk.

The thesis is concerned with a process usually called Competitive Intelligence. In the preface is a general view about the process, which is in following parts focused on particular discipline „disinformation“. In the first, an idea of disinformation is taken down with direction on its creation and using, also is there shown how to designed it to be effect and trusting. Compare to this in the second part are shown ways and precaution, which are used to the investigation, if its disinformation or not.

Diploma thesis "Protective options against domestic violence" deals with one of the serious problems of the current populations, which is domestic violence. The work is focused on one slice of the problem, namely to address the protection of victims of domestic violence. In this work are described and analyzed the possibility that victims of domestic violence can use to protect themselves. There are also mentioned institutions, which provide protection to victims. The options of protection of the victims of domestic violence were compared with each other and then with the means of protection in neighboring states. The comparison showed that the most effective mean of protection against domestic violence in the Czech Republic is expulsion and that in the Czech Republic, the institute used much less frequently than in neighboring states. The paper also verified the hypothesis that there are links between the numbers of cases of domestic violence, unemployment figures and the number of violent crimes. Comparison showed that these phenomena are closely related. Finally, the proposal was stated to be better protection of victims of domestic violence, namely strengthening the authority of victims of domestic violence in divorce cases.