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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

L’autorité de l’Etat : les relations entre les préfets, les sous-préfets, les maires et la population en Lorraine au XIXe siècle (1800-1870) / The Authority of the State : the Relationship between Prefects, Sub-prefects Mayors and the People in Lorraine in the XIXth Century (1800-1870)

Martischang, François-Xavier 06 December 2016 (has links)
S’inscrivant dans le regain d’intérêt récent des historiens pour la question de l’autorité, que l’on peut définir, d’après le Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle de Larousse, comme le « droit ou pouvoir de commander, de se faire obéir », cette thèse étudie l’autorité de l’Etat à travers le prisme de l’autorité de trois de ses représentants en province (les préfets, les sous-préfet et les maires), de 1800, date de la réorganisation de l’administration par Napoléon Bonaparte, à la fin du Second Empire. Il s’agit, ainsi, de déterminer dans quel cadre et de quelle manière les préfets, les sous-préfets et les maires s’efforçaient d’obtenir l’obéissance de la population à leur personne, au régime qu’ils représentaient et à l’Etat qu’ils personnifiaient, ainsi que d’identifier les difficultés auxquelles ils étaient confrontés. Afin de disposer d’un terrain d’enquête suffisamment large pour couvrir des situations différentes, tout en restant relativement restreint, de manière à mener des analyses aussi précisément contextualisées que possible, nous avons fait le choix d’inscrire ce travail dans le cadre géographique des quatre départements lorrains (Meurthe, Meuse, Moselle et Vosges). Etudier la relation d’autorité entre administrateurs et la population en province implique, tout d’abord, de rendre compte du cadre, fixé par l’Etat, dans lequel s’inscrivait l’autorité de ses représentants. Le modèle qui fut élaboré sous le Consulat et l’Empire d’une autorité déléguée forte, qui reposait sur des pouvoirs étendus, sur les compétences professionnelles des administrateurs, mais aussi sur leurs savoir-faire sociaux et relationnels, a été précisément analysé. S’il a ensuite globalement été préservé par tous les régimes qui se sont succédés jusqu’en 1870, ce modèle n’en connut pas moins un certain nombre d’évolutions et d’inflexions, dont on a cherché à rendre compte. Ce cadre fournissait aux administrateurs un certain nombre d’outils pour s’imposer, et de consignes à respecter, mais il ne leur précisait pas comment procéder concrètement. La thèse s’attache donc à examiner, dans un deuxième temps, la manière dont ils exerçaient leur autorité au quotidien. L’analyse des outils qu’ils utilisaient pour construire et entretenir leur autorité montre qu’ils recouraient non seulement à leurs compétences professionnelles, mais aussi à leurs qualités personnelles ou encore à leur statut de représentant de l’autorité de l’Etat. Mais les administrateurs devaient aussi faire face à un certain nombre de difficultés – concurrence des autres personnes détenant une autorité, crises graves qui remettaient en cause leur ascendant (les invasions et occupations de 1814-1815) et contestations de la part de leurs administrés – qui mettaient leur autorité à l’épreuve et pouvaient avoir des conséquences sur leurs carrières. / Considering the historians’ recent growing interest for the topic of authority, which can be defined, according to Larousse’s Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle, as « the right or the power to order, to be obeyed », this thesis aims at studying the authority of the state through the angle of the authority exerted by three of its representatives in the province (the prefects, the sub-prefects and the mayors), from 1800, when Napoleon Bonaparte reorganized the french administration, till the end of the Second Empire. This dissertation will endeavour to analyse in which frame and how the prefects, the sub-prefects and the mayors managed to make the population obey both to their persons, the regime they represented and the state they embodied, as well as to identify the difficulties they were confronted with. To study a wide range of situations, but in a relatively restricted area, so as to analyse them as precisely as possible, we decided to focus on the four departments of Lorraine (Meurthe, Meuse, Moselle et Vosges). First, studying the relationship between the civil servants and the population implies to examine the framework, elaborated by the state, in which the authority of its representatives was exerted. The model, built during the Consulate and the first Empire, of a strong delegated authority, based on extended powers, on the professional expertise of the administrators, as well as on their social competences, has been precisely analysed. Even if it was globally maintened by all the following regimes up to 1870, this model knew, nevertheless, some transformations and modulations, which we tried to examine. The administrators found in this frame some tools to assert their authority on the people, and some instructions to obey, but no definite ways to proceed. Thus, the thesis secondly attempts to examine how they exerted their authority on a daily basis. Looking at the way they built and maintened their authority, we realize they used not only their professionnal skills, but also their individual qualities and their status of the state representative. But the administrators had to face up to some difficulties – competition with the other persons who had some authority, hard crises which questionned their influence (the invasions and the occupations of 1814-1815) and citizens’ protests – which put their authority to the test and could impact their careers.
2

Les Français vus par ceux qui les gouvernent (1800-1820) / The French as seen by those who govern them (1800-1820)

Audibert, Cédric 21 February 2014 (has links)
Les mots utilisés par les historiens pour décrire la nation ou la société diffèrent de ceux des autorités entre 1800 et 1820. La création des préfectures place les préfets au cœur d'une administration centralisée. Situés entre les ministres et les sous-préfets, en relation directe avec les autorités militaires et religieuses, ils entretiennent une correspondance administrative quotidienne avec divers interlocuteurs et traitent parfois les réclamations qui leurs sont transmises, directement ou non, par leurs administrés. En tant que relais du pouvoir central, le personnel préfectoral est également amené à s’adresser directement à la population par le biais de proclamations. Tous ces documents révèlent les vues des gouvernants. Leurs représentations changent, ainsi que leur langage, au gré des succès diplomatiques, politiques ou militaires, et des défaites qui sonnent le glas de l'Empire fondé par Napoléon remplacé à sa chute par Louis XVIII sur le trône de France. Les images véhiculées par les autorités n'évoluent pas toutes au même rythme ; elles demeurent complexes et soumises à des tensions révélatrices de leurs contradictions. Les pouvoirs publics réaffirment les traits communs propres à un « peuple » exceptionnel, distinct de ses voisins européens, souvent supérieur. Ils ne cachent pas pour autant les nombreuses divisions qui opposent les Français, « bons » ou « mauvais ». Ils ne taisent pas non plus les différences qu'ils établissent entre les élites et le reste de la population, dénigré pour son appartenance sociale ou géographique et prennent en compte la souffrance des « malheureux ». / The words used by historians to describe the nation or society differ from those used by the authorities between 1800 and 1820. The creation of prefectures places prefects at the heart of a centralised administration. Situated between ministers and sub-prefects, in direct contact with military and religious authorities, they maintain daily administrative correspondence with various interlocutors and sometimes handle complaints transmitted to them, directly or indirectly, by their constituents. As a relay of the central power, prefectoral staff also have to address the population directly through proclamations. All these documents reveal the views of the rulers. Their representations changed, as did their language, depending on diplomatic, political or military successes, and the defeats that sounded the death knell of the Empire founded by Napoleon, which was replaced when Louis XVIII fell to the throne of France. The images conveyed by the authorities do not all evolve at the same rate; they remain complex and subject to tensions that reveal their contradictions. The public authorities reaffirm the common features of an exceptional "people", distinct from its European neighbours, often superior. However, they do not hide the many divisions between the French,"good" or "bad". Nor do they ignore the differences between the elites and the rest of the population, denigrated for their social or geographical affiliation and taking into account the suffering of the "unfortunate.
3

A school leadership perspective on the role of emotional intelligence in the development of secondary school student leaders

Moosa, Shehnaz Omar 11 1900 (has links)
is imperative for the South African education system to produce youth who are empowered to grow to be leaders of integrity and courage. Student leaders (prefects) face an enormous challenge in trying to persuade peers to be motivated and self-disciplined. The student leaders need to understand themselves as well as their peers in order to make considered responses to their peers. The level of emotional intelligence of student leaders will determine the effectiveness of their response to fellow students (learners) and allow them to fulfil their leadership responsibilities effectively. Emotional intelligence leadership (EIL) profiles were obtained from an emotional intelligence leadership questionnaire, followed by semi-structured interviews which explored the role of emotional intelligence in student leadership. These research techniques allowed the researcher to gain insight into each student leader’s level of emotional functioning as well as to identify emotional intelligence leadership skills that needed to be developed further. The importance of providing training and opportunities to practise leadership skills at school was emphasized. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Educational Management)
4

A school leadership perspective on the role of emotional intelligence in the development of secondary school student leaders

Moosa, Shehnaz Omar 11 1900 (has links)
is imperative for the South African education system to produce youth who are empowered to grow to be leaders of integrity and courage. Student leaders (prefects) face an enormous challenge in trying to persuade peers to be motivated and self-disciplined. The student leaders need to understand themselves as well as their peers in order to make considered responses to their peers. The level of emotional intelligence of student leaders will determine the effectiveness of their response to fellow students (learners) and allow them to fulfil their leadership responsibilities effectively. Emotional intelligence leadership (EIL) profiles were obtained from an emotional intelligence leadership questionnaire, followed by semi-structured interviews which explored the role of emotional intelligence in student leadership. These research techniques allowed the researcher to gain insight into each student leader’s level of emotional functioning as well as to identify emotional intelligence leadership skills that needed to be developed further. The importance of providing training and opportunities to practise leadership skills at school was emphasized. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Educational Management)

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