Ces travaux de recherche portent sur la problématique de la mise en pratique de l'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV). La question principale est : comment faire une ACV plus rapide et plus facilement accessible pour la conception des produits ? Nous nous concentrons sur deux problématiques qui prolongent l'inventaire de Cycle de Vie (ICV) : • recherche des données manquantes : Comment ranger les données manquantes selon leur importance? Comment traiter l'intersection des aspects qualitatifs et les aspects quantitatifs des données manquantes? • Modélisation du cycle de vie : Comment réutiliser le cycle de vie existant pour un nouveau produit? Comment développer un modèle de référence? Pour la recherche des solutions nous avons utilisé l'approche "Case study" selon Robert Yin. Nos contributions font résultat de trois études de cas, dont la plus importante est l'ACV du High Impact Polypropylene (HIPP) recyclé. Nous avons publié les résultats de celle-ci dans la revue scientifique Journal of Cleaner Production. Suite aux études de cas nous proposons deux approches d'amélioration d'efficacité en ICV : nous proposons l'analyse de sensibilité préalable pour classifier les données manquantes selon leur impact sur les résultats d'ACV. L'approche combine les aspects quantitatifs avec les aspects quantitatifs en protégeant le respect des objectives d'étude. Nous appelons cette protection "LCA Poka-Yoké". La modélisation du cycle de vie peut être assistée grace à la méthode basée sur l'algorithme de King. Pour la continuation de la recherche nous proposons huit perspectives, dont six font l'objet d'intégration des nouvelles approches d'amélioration dans les concepts d'ACV basés sur la norme ISO 14025 ou dans le projet de la Commission Européenne PEF. / This work addresses the different issues that put a brake to using Lifecycle assessment (LCA) in product design by answering the main question of the research: How to make Lifecycle assessment faster and easier accessible for manufactured product design? In the LCA methodology we have identified two issues to deal with and their consecutive scientific locks : • Research of missing data : How to organize missing data? How to respect quantitative and qualitative dimensions? • Modeling of the lifecycle scenario : How to translate methodological choices into the lifecycle scenario model? How to transform the reference scenario into a new one? We have dealt with these issues using the scientific approach Case study according toRobert Yin. Our contributions are based on three case studies, between which the most important is study of High Impact Polypropylene recycling in the automotive industry. We have published it in the Journal of Cleaner Production. As result of our research we present two methods to improve efficiency of the LifecycleInventory Analysis (LCI) : To organize the missing data: Preliminary sensitivity analysis with LCA Poka-Yoke ; To help with scenario modeling: Method of workflows factorization, based on Reverse engineering. For further research we propose eight perspectives, mostly based on integration of our methods into Product Category Rules (PCR)-based platforms like EPD International or the European PEF.

This thesis focuses on the important private law institute of preliminary injunctions used for the provisional regulation of the circumstances of minors. The fundamental legal principle on which the paper is based is the principle of the best interests of the child, largely based on Art. 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which states that the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration in any decision-making concerning children. Emphasis is placed on the child's legal status as a party to the proceedings for a preliminary injunction and the consequent rights of the minor, focusing on the child's right to be heard. The individual chapters are devoted to a detailed analysis of Czech legislation relating to the topic in question, both under the current wording of the law and current application in practice. The first chapter offers a concise introduction to the addressed issue. The second chapter provides definitions of the key concepts related to the topic. The third chapter discusses the position of the child as a party to the proceedings for the issue of a preliminary injunction, their procedural personality and procedural capacity, representation of the child in the process itself and, last but not least, the interests of the child, and their fundamental rights to be...

Le recours à l’appel d’offres n’est pas, et n’a jamais été, l’apanage des personnes publiques. Parce que la mise en concurrence de cocontractants potentiels permet d’obtenir le meilleur prix, les personnes privées le pratiquent volontairement pour la réalisation de nombreuses opérations contractuelles : construction immobilière, cession d’entreprise, vente d’immeuble, acquisition de produits et de prestations de service, etc. Familière des praticiens, cette figure du paysage précontractuel est négligée par la doctrine. L’objet de cette étude est de présenter une analyse juridique d’ensemble de l’appel d’offres privé. Celui-ci est susceptible de deux acceptions. Dans la ligne directe de son appellation, il désigne une invitation à soumettre des offres. Il s’agit d’un type de proposition de contracter à part entière, distinct des propositions de contracter traditionnelles que sont l’offre et l’invitation à entrer en pourparlers. À le concevoir ensuite comme une procédure de mise en concurrence de cocontractants potentiels pour la conclusion d’un contrat définitif, l’appel d’offres privé donne naissance à un avant-contrat entre son organisateur et ses participants que l’on ne peut ramener aux catégories d’avant-contrats que connaît le droit positif. La qualification d’avant-contrat imprime à l’appel d’offres privé son régime juridique. Ainsi, les parties s’obligent à organiser et à participer à la procédure de mise en concurrence selon les règles fixées par l’organisateur et de bonne foi. Les comportements consistant à fausser le jeu de la concurrence sont alors sanctionnés pour inexécution contractuelle. / Using private invitation to tender is not, and has never been, the prerogative of public entities. Because the implementation of competition calls between potentials co-contractors in order to achieve the best price, private entities practice it voluntarily to realise numerous contractual transactions : building construction, transfer of company, sale of real property, procurement of goods and service delivery, etc. Well-known by practitioners, this figure of the contractual landscape is neglected by the legal doctrine. The purpose of this study is to represent a global legal analysis of the private tender process. This one might be understood in two different ways. Literally, it designates an invitation to submit offers. It is a type of proposal to contract fully-fledged, which defers from the traditional ways of proposal to contract which are the offer and the invitation to treat. Conceived as a process introducing competition between potentials co-contractors to conclude a definitive contract, private invitation to tender give birth o a preliminary contract between its organiser and participants, which is distinct from the existing preliminary contracts. The qualification of preliminary contract print the private invitation to tender’s legal regime. Thus, parties undertook to organise and participate to the implementation of competition calls regarding the rules established by the organiser in good faith. The behaviours consisting in distorting competition are then subject to sanction on the ground of non-fulfillment of a contractul obligation.

This master’s thesis describes life cycle phases management of the project Implementation of the project culture in the MoroSystems company from the perspective of a project manager. The thesis comprehensively describes the project from its inception, through planning, implementation up to handover of the outcomes to the customer, completion and evaluation. The thesis contains attachments which document meetings with the customer and project management artifacts created at different stages of the project.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution to the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) English Language Arts (ELA) of five variables: Type of Community (Urban or Suburban), Gender, Race, Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT) Verbal, and PSAT Writing. MCAS is a criterion-referenced examination administered to students at various grade levels to determine their knowledge of approved curriculum. As of 2003, students must pass the mathematics and English language arts sections in order to receive a diploma. Data for the study was gathered from three urban and four suburban school districts in Massachusetts. Data about 914 students was collected from Summer 2001 - Winter 2002. Multiple regression statistical analysis was used to examine the collective and separate contributions of five independent variables; gender, race, type of community (urban or suburban), score on the verbal subtest of the PSAT, and score on the writing subtest to the findings on the dependent variab le - tenth grade language arts achievement on the MCAS. Results of the statistical analyses showed a strong relationship between MCASELA and the five independent variables, with most of the relationship attributable to the PSAT Verbal test results. Three other variables combined - PSAT Writing, Type of Community, and Gender - accounted for just 4% of the additional variance. Step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that exclusion of Race did not diminish predictiveness, and Gender added very little to predictiveness. PSAT Verbal, PSAT Writing, and Type of Community were the principal contributions to variation in MCAS-ELA in the study. The four null hypotheses and results follow: There is no significant relationship between the dependent variable - MCAS-ELA -- and the independent variables -- Type of Community, Gender, Race, PSA T Verbal, and PSAT Writing - rejected. There is no significant relationship between each independent variable and each of the other independent variables - rejected. There is no significant relationship between the dependent variable and the other variables taken together - rejected. There is no significant additional vanance m MCAS - ELA accou nted for by an independent variable after other variable (s) - responsible for greater contributions to variance - (have) accounted for as much of the variance as possible - accepted. / 2031-01-01

<p>  </p> <p>Widely recognized as bridging graduate coursework and independent research, doctoral examinations also (re)-produce disciplinary norms and map trajectories for graduate student professionalization. This institutional ethnography investigates doctoral exam processes as a component of curricular infrastructure, a term that I describe in functional, relational, temporal, and heuristic terms. This study begins with a discipline-wide survey (Chapter 3) reaching 81 PhD programs in Rhetoric and Composition, building on previous programmatic research in the field to identify constellations of exam formats and their stated purposes. From this broad view, institutional ethnography re-orients analysis by focusing on the standpoints of individual stakeholders (graduate students and faculty) and the ways that work processes point toward broader structural tendencies and assumptions.  From the survey, individual perspectives through interviews with faculty at nine different universities (Chapter 4) and a large focus group with graduate students (Chapter 5) to identify work practices and the institutional and disciplinary factors that direct them. This project yields an empirically grounded description of current graduate pedagogical practices, and through those practices, describes several contours of curricular infrastructure. Temporal boundary objects describe how the meaning and significance of an experience like a doctoral exam can change across time, yielding insight into how curricular practices transfer from one intuition to another. Institutional inertia appears as common iteration of curricular infrastructure, representing the tendency of intuitions to self-replicate and resist change, and nonverbal visually embodied actions serve as a key to understanding communication about institutions that avoids talking about institutions. The project culminates in Chapter 6 with a three-part heuristic, described as an aspect of curricular infrastructure, designed as a resource to faculty and administrators who are in decision-making positions with respect to doctoral exams.  </p>

This study focuses on the impact of the 2003 changes in the California Preliminary Administrative Services credential on programs of educational administration in institutions of higher education. Through five case studies of educational administration programs in institutions of higher education, several themes emerged: department chair K–12 background may predict early adoption; faculty are confused about the credential requirements; full- rather than part-time professors design programs; new competitors have already challenged enrollments; ambiguous policy creates compliance uncertainty; integration of technology in educational administration programs is limited; communication among stakeholders is weak; the culture of educational administration programs is different from other parts of the academy; the early adopter is more knowledgeable about the requirements, has purposeful collaboration, requisitions sufficient resources for change, uses many forms of communication, enthusiastically embraces new ideas, and reduces bureaucratic barriers to change. Early, middle and later models of program adoption emerged from the data. The final chapter of the research explores ways to minimize ambiguity and maximize program compliance. A new model of implementation of 2003 standards is presented, which uses early adopters as an example and existing professional organizations as disseminators of promising practices.

Les questions préjudicielles interrogent l’office du juge administratif qui les formule.Accessoires du procès au principal, elles pourraient être considérées comme des questions annexes etsecondaires. Cette étude de contentieux administratif, fondée sur l’analyse systématique de lajurisprudence administrative, vise à démontrer le contraire. Remarquables tant par leur variété que parleurs incidences sur le procès, les questions préjudicielles restent souvent perçues comme descomplications de procédure inutiles visant à retarder la résolution du litige. Cette étude prend le partid’expliciter comment le juge administratif au principal en vient à construire une question préjudicielle,et quel en est le fondement juridique. De ce point de vue, si les parties au litige jouent bien souvent unrôle essentiel dans le relevé d’une exception, c’est en dernière analyse, le juge au principal qui détientle pouvoir de formulation de la question. Par ailleurs, la mise en oeuvre des questions préjudicielles,traditionnellement présentée comme paralysant l’office du juge, apparaît sous un nouveau jour. Loind’immobiliser l’office du juge au principal, l’étude minutieuse du droit positif révèle les importantspouvoirs que possède encore le juge a quo dans la maîtrise du procès dont il est compétemment saisi.Enfin, la réception par le juge a quo de la décision préjudicielle correspond à un partage de lasouveraineté juridictionnelle impliquant l’édiction d’un acte juridictionnel issu d’un processus decodécision. Cette étude livre un éclairage sur le fonctionnement et la complexité d’un mécanisme icitraité sous l’angle de l’office du juge lorsqu’il se place en situation de juge a quo. Elle permetégalement d’envisager les principales problématiques juridiques relatives à la fonction juridictionnelle. / Preliminary issues challenge the role of the administrative law judge who formulates them.They are regarded as being accessory to the principle case at bar. They may even be perceived assecondary issues. This study of administrative litigation, based on a systematic analysis ofadministrative case law, aims to establish the opposite. Preliminary issues are characterized by theirdiversity as well as by their influence on the lawsuit, however, they are often perceived as useless andcumbersome procedural complications aiming to delay the resolution of the dispute. This study aimsto explicit the process by which the administrative law judge builds a preliminary issue and what is thelegal foundation of such an issue. From this angle, albeit the fact that the parties to the main disputeplay an essential role, it is the judge, who mainly retains the power to formulate the preliminary issue.This analysis challenges the traditional portrayal of preliminary issues as paralyzing the judicial“office”. To the contrary, far from immobilizing the “office of the judge”, an in depth study of positivelaw reveals the extensive powers that the judge a quo possesses with regards to the case at bar.Finally, the reception by the judge a quo of the preliminary ruling corresponds to a sharing of juridicalsovereignty implying the passing of a juridical act emanating from a process of co-decision. Thisstudy aims to shed light on the functioning and the complexity of a mechanism rarely examined fromthis angle. This study equally allows for an exploration of the main legal issues relating to the judicialfunction and the “Office” of the administrative law judge when placed in the situation of judge a quo.

L'àmbit de la Tesi doctoral descansa en l'anàlisi de l'esperit i la praxis del procés prejudicial, centrant-lo en la fase final de l'anomenat procés, els efectes de la sentència del Tribunal de Justícia i la subsegüent aplicació per les jurisdiccions nacionals en la resolució del procés intern.La primera part de la Tesi doctoral (capítols I a III) s'ha centrat en l'estudi dels efectes jurídics de les sentències prejudicials d'interpretació, analitzant els tres principals temes que es susciten, a saber, els seus efectes jurídico-processals, els seus efectes jurídico-materials i la seva dimensió temporal.En la segona part (capítols IV a VII) es va emprendre el tema des del prisma diferent de les posisions de jurisdiccions nacionals davant les sentències perjudicials, el comportament del qual, acatant o incumplint-les, corrobora o nega de manera evident el que s'ha afirmat en els tres primers capítols. / El ámbito de la Tesis doctoral descansa en el análisis del espíritu y la praxis del proceso prejudicial, centrándolo en la fase final de dicho proceso, los efectos de la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia y su subsiguiente aplicación por las jurisdicciones nacionales en la resolución del proceso interno.La primera parte de la Tesis doctoral (capítulos I a III) se ha centrado en el estudio de los efectos jurídicos de las sentencias prejudiciales de interpretación, analizando los tres principales temas que se suscitan, a saber, sus efectos jurídico-procesales, sus efectos jurídico-materiales y su dimensión temporal.En la segunda parte (capítulos IV a VII) se abordó el tema desde el prisma diferente de las posiciones de jurisdicciones nacionales ante las sentencias prejudiciales, cuyo comportamiento, acatando o incumpliéndolas, corrobora o niega de manera evidente lo afirmado en los tres primeros capítulos. / The Doctorship Thesis lies in the analysis the spirit and the practice of the preliminary process, focusing it in the final stage of such process, the effects of the Court of Justice sentence and their subsequent enforcement by the national jurisdictions in the internal process of the resolution.The first part (chapters I to III) has been focused in the study of the legal effects of the interpretative preliminary rulings, analysing the three main subjects that are issued, i.e., their juridical procedural effects, their juridical material effects and their temporary dimension.In the second part (chapters IV to VII) the issue was laid down from the different point of view, the positions kept by the national jurisdictions, which behaviour, accepting or refusing the preliminary ruling, acknowledges or denies in a clear way what it was assessed in the first three chapters.

This thesis deals with the institute of summary preliminary proceedings. The introduction of this work briefly outlines the evolution of the legislation, which was the impulse for conducting the summary preliminary proceedings, and the reason for the introduction of this institute. The author defines the concept of summary preliminary proceedings in relation to other forms of preliminary proceedings and proceedings taking place before court. Further on the author tries to capture the essence and meaning of the summary preliminary proceedings. The work introduces the current legislation of the institute and its use under other criminal laws. The work defines the basic principles of summary preliminary proceedings. The author discusses the statutory conditions for holding summary preliminary proceedings. At the same time she defines the subjects of summary preliminary proceedings, their status, specific rights and obligations. Within this work, the emphasis is placed on the issue of time-limits, especially the determination of commencement and completion of summary preliminary proceedings and its length. The main part of this work is the interpretation of the processing of the summary preliminary proceedings. The author describes the actions of investigative, prosecuting and adjudicating bodies from the...