A historical review is performed to study the impact of acoustical knowledge on concert hall developments. It shows that although acoustics developed from myth to real science, there is still a gap between its fast growing knowledge and relatively slow applications to improve designs. Architectural acoustics research and education shall help populating the tacit knowledge and experience of acousticians to reduce the gap between design and knowledge. The established paradigm in this field is to identify the performance goals of concert halls, recognize the available design information in different stages, and establish models to link them together. Placed in this general picture, this thesis focuses on providing design support for preliminary stage. It develops a model to link accessible design features with the most important acoustics performance index, reverberation time. A literature review on exiting reverberation time prediction methods shows that they are based on either too demanding or over-simplified for this stage. This study intends to develop a model that makes maximum use of available information and improves prediction accuracy in comparison with existing simplified methods. Through literature survey and data analysis, three factors (geometrical shape, non-uniform material distribution and scattering effect) are recognized as significant for reverberation time prediction. This thesis developed a simplified model taking these factors into consideration and calibrated this model with empirical data through Bayesian statistical method.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T17:05:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Dourado Andrade.pdf: 804408 bytes, checksum: f72e1fcbab7a88347da2658ae1fa9c39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:36:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Dourado Andrade.pdf: 804408 bytes, checksum: f72e1fcbab7a88347da2658ae1fa9c39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:36:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Dourado Andrade.pdf: 804408 bytes, checksum: f72e1fcbab7a88347da2658ae1fa9c39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A morosidade processual desde há muito se constitui numa preocupação dos operadores do direito. A fim de pôr fim a tal problemática, o constituinte brasileiro, através da emenda 45/04, elevou (expressamente) o princípio da Brevidade Processual a status constitucional. A partir dessa emenda foi iniciada a denominada Reforma do Judiciário, a qual foi responsável por impulsionar a implementação de muitas alterações no Código de Processo Civil brasileiro, visando imprimir maior celeridade e efetividade à tramitação processual. Dentre essas modificações, em âmbito infraconstitucional, verificou-se a aprovação da lei 11.277/2006, que acrescentou o artigo 285-A do Código de Processo Civil, trazendo para o ordenamento brasileiro o denominado julgamento liminar de mérito em caso de demandas repetitivas. Tal instituto surgiu como uma possível solução ao problema da lentidão processual, uma vez que autoriza o juiz a proferir sentença de mérito quando a matéria controvertida for unicamente de direito e no juízo já houver sido proferida sentença de total improcedência em outros casos idênticos. Constatou-se se a nova técnica de agilização da prestação jurisdicional está de acordo com as garantias constitucionais do contraditório, da ampla defesa e do devido processo legal, tendo inclusive analisado os argumentos deduzidos pela ADIN 3695, ajuizada pelo Conselho Federal da OAB, que pede a declaração de inconstitucionalidade do dispositivo. Após discutir e rebater os argumentos contrários, sugere-se uma forma de interpretar o art. 285-A do CPC de acordo com a Constituição Federal, de modo a não prejudicar o demandado e de promover a concretização do direito fundamental à duração razoável do processo. / Salvador

Les assemblages à base de fixations montées avec interférence et prétension sont largement utilisés dans le domaine de la construction aéronautique, notamment dans les zones structurales fortement chargées et soumises à des sollicitations de fatigue. Les performances de ces assemblages sont sensibles à de nombreux paramètres liés à la géométrie et aux matériaux mis en jeu. Pour optimiser la qualité de ces liaisons et atteindre les gains de durée de vie attendus, il est important de disposer de modèles à la fois rapides et fiables qui permettent, dès la phase de conception, d’évaluer l’influence des paramètres d’entrée sur les efforts caractéristiques de l’assemblage. Les travaux s’attachent, dans un premier temps, en s’appuyant sur une modélisation par éléments finis très détaillée du processus d’assemblage, à bien identifier les phénomènes mécaniques les plus caractéristiques des liaisons étudiées. Une approche analytique de premier niveau est ensuite développée. Elle conduit à un modèle d’estimation des efforts et de contraintes présentes dans les pièces assemblées qui produit des résultats très voisins de ceux obtenus avec le modèle de référence. Un modèle numérique dédié,basé sur des éléments finis axisymétriques et codé sous Matlab, est ensuite proposé. Il est apte à évaluer l’influence des variations des paramètres le long de l’interface entre les pièces tout en considérant les effets de bords. Une étude expérimentale basée sur une instrumentation de l’assemblage avec des fibres optiques à réseaux de Bragg est présentée. Les corrélations entre les résultats expérimentaux et ceux issus des modélisations sont très satisfaisantes / Assemblies based on interference fit fastener and preload are widely used in the fieldof aircraft construction, especially on structures heavily loaded and subjected to fatigue stresses.The performances of these assemblies are sensitive to many parameters related to the geometry and to the constitutive materials. To improve the quality of these assemblies and achieve the assembled parts. This simple model produces results very similar to those obtained with thereference model. A dedicated numerical model, based on axisymmetric finite elements and developed using Matlab code, is also proposed. It is able to evaluate the influence of parameter variations along the interface between the parts while considering the side effects. An experimental study based on an assembly instrumented with Fiber Bragg Gratings is presented.The correlations between the experimental results and those from the models are very satisfactory lifetime gains expected, it is important to use, from the early design phase, fast and reliable models in order to evaluate the influence of input parameters on the most significant efforts that take place around the fastener. In a preliminary phase, the work focuses on clearly identifyingthe mechanical phenomena characterizing the behavior of the mechanical connections understudy, using a very detailed finite element reference model of the assembly process. An analytical approach is then developed. It leads to a first level model for estimating loads and stresses in the assembled parts. This simple model produces results very similar to those obtained with the reference model. A dedicated numerical model, based on axisymmetric finite elements and developed using Matlab code, is also proposed. It is able to evaluate the influence of parameter variations along the interface between the parts while considering the side effects. An experimental study based on an assembly instrumented with Fiber Bragg Gratings is presented.The correlations between the experimental results and those from the models are very satisfactory

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Studies show that the experimental activities based on problem solving improve student performance on the nature of scientific knowledge. In this context, this study evaluated the impact of experimental activities based on scientific method and previous conceptions in the early years of learning concepts and phenomena associated with the fermentation process. The activities were carried out through an experimental course of 20hs, with students of 1st and 2nd year of the Elementary Education of Municipal School Deacon João Luiz Pozzobon in Santa Maria-RS. The research involved 20 students aged 6 and 7 years, overseen by monitors (students and post graduate teachers) who played the role of instigating students to use reasoning and creativity for creating hypotheses and design experiments. Overall, the course emphasized the process of doing science by middle of questioning and search for answers for assembling simple experiments. The evaluation of the results was performed by comparing the interviews responses performed before the course (pretest) and after the course (post-test), post-tests being applied at the end of the experimental course, 6 and 12 months later. The obtained data set show that the activities have facilitated acquisition and construction of new concepts and caused changes in pre-conceptions of the students on the subject, which can be considered more scientifically correct. In addition, we observed that the issue worked through experimental activities was assimilated and memorized by the students in the short and long term. We assume that manipulation, observation and experimentation associated motivation are factors that bring cognitive benefits and facilitate the process of writing and scientific literacy in this school stage. / Estudos mostram que as atividades experimentais baseadas na resolução de problemas melhoram o desempenho dos alunos sobre a natureza do conhecimento científico. Neste contexto, este estudo avaliou o impacto de atividades experimentais baseadas no método científico e nas pré-concepções dos anos iniciais sobre a aprendizagem de conceitos e fenômenos associados ao processo de Fermentação. As atividades foram realizadas através de um curso experimental de 20hs, com estudantes do 1º e 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal Diácono João Luiz Pozzobon na cidade de Santa Maria-RS. A pesquisa envolveu 20 estudantes com idades entre 6 e 7 anos, supervisionados por monitores (alunos e professores de pós-graduação) que desempenharam o papel de instigar os alunos a utilizar o raciocínio e a criatividade para a criação de hipóteses e elaboração dos experimentos. De forma geral, o curso enfatizou o processo de fazer ciência por meio de questionamentos e busca de respostas pela montagem de experimentos simples. A avaliação dos resultados foi efetuada pela comparação de respostas de entrevistas realizadas antes do curso (pré-teste) e depois do curso (pós-teste), sendo os pós-testes aplicados no final do curso experimental, 6 e 12 meses depois. O conjunto de dados obtidos mostram que as atividades desenvolvidas facilitaram a aquisição e construção de novos conceitos e causaram mudanças nas concepções prévias dos alunos sobre o tema, as quais podem ser consideradas como cientificamente mais corretas. Além disso, foi possível observar que o tema trabalhado por meio de atividades experimentais foi assimilado e memorizado pelos estudantes a curto e a longo-prazo. Assumimos que a manipulação, a observação e a motivação associados a experimentação são fatores que trazem benefícios cognitivos e facilitam o processo de alfabetização escrita e científica nesta fase escolar.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur la conception robuste de produit et plus particulièrement sur la phase de pré-dimensionnement dans le cas où un modèle de dimensionnement et un cahier des charges sont déjà définis. Une approche pour réaliser de l’optimisation robuste est proposée pour réduire la dispersion de la fonction objectif du cahier des charges du produit lorsque les paramètres de conception sont sujets aux incertitudes, conserver une bonne performance du produit et assurer une faisabilité des contraintes. Nous proposons ainsi la formulation d’un cahier des charges dit « robuste » transformant la fonction objectif et les contraintes du cahier des charges initial afin d’intégrer une notion de robustesse préalablement définie. La seconde contribution est une analyse des méthodes trouvées dans la littérature pour la propagation d’incertitudes à travers des modèles de dimensionnement. Les variations des paramètres sont alors modélisées par des dispersions probabilistes. L’analyse théorique du fonctionnement de chaque méthode est complétée par des tests permettant d’étudier la précision des résultats obtenus et de sélectionner la méthode utilisée par la suite. L’approche pour l’optimisation robuste de produit proposée dans ce travail est finalement mise en œuvre et testée sur deux études de cas. Elle intègre la méthode de propagation d’incertitudes dans une boucle de l’algorithme d’optimisation de manière à automatiser la recherche d’une solution optimale robuste pour le dimensionnement du produit. / The work presented in this thesis deals with the robust design of products. Particularly, it focuses on the design process preliminary phase where design models and specifications are already defined. A robust optimization approach is proposed. It aims to: reduce the scattering of the objective function included in the product specifications when the uncertainties reach the design parameters, maintain good performance of the product and ensure the constraints feasibility. We propose a new “robust” product specification that changes the objective function and the constraints of the initial specification in order to integrate the concept of robustness previously defined. The second contribution is an analysis of methods found in literature to propagate uncertainties across design models. Design parameter variations are modeled by probability distributions. The theoretical analysis of these methods is completed by numerous tests to investigate the accuracy of the results and to select the method used thereafter. The robust product optimization approach proposed in this work is finally implemented and tested on two case studies. It incorporates the propagation of uncertainties within the optimization loop to automate the search of a robust optimal solution for the design product.

The purpose of this Master's degree thesis is to deal with preparatory institute of private contractual law pactum de contrahendo. This institute passed through to contemporary legislative conception long progress, currently it is in Czech Republic simultaneously regulated in two codes and at the present time performed re-codification of the Czech private law is in submission of the new Czech Civil Code its explicit regulation also contained. The thesis focuses on preliminary agreement being concluded according to valid Czech Civil Code, on its purpose, utilization and function. The thesis characterises its subjects, subject- matter, content and the process between entering into the preliminary agreement and the future agreement. In several cases the thesis provides with alternative approaches to a particular issue, presents judicial opinions of legal experts and pursues case law. The thesis also describes the development of regulation of agreement to make a contract in the context of Czech law within the range, which was appropriate to the subject, the thesis refers to similar legal institutes and compares current valid parallel regulation of preliminary agreements among themselves and with newly suggested regulation with the aim to find advantages and disadvantages of particular regulation....

O tema proposto para o presente estudo refere-se à análise, dentro do contexto das tutelas antecipadas, dos seus pressupostos positivos e negativos, de algumas das restrições impostas pela legislação vigente a hipóteses de concessão, bem como à viabilidade da sua aplicação na situação atual da sua interpretação pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência. Procurou-se demonstrar a aplicação dessas normas restritivas, bem como a justificativa para a sua aceitação dentro do conceito da segurança jurídica e do contexto fático em que cada um dos casos analisados está inserido. Ademais, foi desenvolvido estudo crítico sobre as hipóteses em que se admite a relativização dessas restrições, as razões que levam a tal resultado e as consequências daí advindas para o cenário jurídico brasileiro. Todos os pontos mencionados foram baseados principalmente na análise do direito das partes a uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva e tempestiva, sempre com enfoque no direito processual constitucional, destacando-se a importância do respeito ao devido processo legal nesses casos e a importância de se garantir à parte um processo célere e de duração razoável. / The theme of this study is the analysis, within the context of preliminary injunctive relief mechanisms and their positive and negative prerequisites, some of the restrictions imposed by current legislation on the cases where such relief can be granted, as well as the feasibility of their application in the current situation of their interpretation by the doctrine developed by legal scholars and the jurisprudence from the courts. An effort is made to demonstrate the application of these rules and the justification for their acceptance within the concept of legal security and the factual context of each of the cases analyzed. Additionally, there is critical analysis of the situations where these restrictions can be relativized, the reasons for that result and the consequences for the Brazilian legal scenario. All these points are based mainly on analysis of the right of parties to obtain effective and timely protection from the courts, always with focus on constitutional procedural law, highlighting the importance of respect for due legal process as well as the importance of assuring speedy administration of justice.

The purpose of this dissertation is to identify whether a custodial audience in civilizing the arrest warrant, reverencing the principles of the adversary and ample defense from the beginning of the criminal prosecution, will allow the emergence of a new policy on preliminary investigation, now oriented towards the Fundamental guarantees, especially of the contradictory in the investigative phase. In this way, it is intended to increase knowledge about the custody hearing, aiming to identify its origin, define its characteristics, the way it was implanted in the Brazilian legal system, and also evaluate the purpose of the presentation of the prisoner immediately to the Judge and impartiality Of the trial judge attending the hearing. In addition, it is sought to ascertain the characteristics and assumptions of the preliminary investigation, it also inquires about the possibility of applying the contradictory and its importance in the Brazilian preliminary investigation. In the end, we will discuss the Kafkian criminal proceedings, the compatibility of the contradictory in the preliminary investigation in light of the Brazilian procedural system, as well as if the custodial audience has the possibility to modify inquisitorial paradigms still present in our criminal policy. To do so, the existing literature will be reviewed, exploring studies on Criminal Procedural Law and Constitutional Law, especially by consulting books, dissertations and monographs published by Brazilian and foreign authors, aiming to broaden the knowledge about the topic discussed. / A presente dissertação tem como escopo identificar se audiência de custódia ao civilizar o ato de prisão, reverenciando os princípios do contraditório e a ampla defesa desde o início da persecução penal, propiciará o surgimento de uma nova política sobre a investigação preliminar, agora, orientada na efetivação das garantias fundamentais, principalmente do contraditório na fase investigativa. Dessa forma, pretende-se ampliar os conhecimentos sobre a audiência de custódia, objetivando identificar a sua origem, definir suas características, a forma como foi implantada no sistema jurídico brasileiro, e ainda avaliar a finalidade da apresentação do preso imediatamente ao juiz e a imparcialidade do julgador que preside da audiência. No mais, pretende-se averiguar as características e pressupostos da investigação preliminar, também se indaga sobre a possibilidade de aplicação do contraditório e a sua importância na investigação preliminar brasileira. Ao final, será discutido o processo penal kafkiano, a compatibilidade do contraditório na investigação preliminar à luz do sistema processual brasileiro, bem como se a audiência de custódia tem a possibilidade de modificar paradigmas inquisitoriais ainda presentes em nossa política criminal. Para tanto, será revisada a literatura existente, explorando estudos acerca do Direito Processual Penal e Direito Constitucional, especialmente mediante consulta a livros, dissertações e monografias publicadas por autores brasileiros e estrangeiros, visando à ampliação do conhecimento sobre o contraditório e a audiência de custódia. / São Cristóvão, SE

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T13:31:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sorayacolaresleaocarvalho.pdf: 1390488 bytes, checksum: 762b6acc0149316d915ea71c802dff79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:05:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sorayacolaresleaocarvalho.pdf: 1390488 bytes, checksum: 762b6acc0149316d915ea71c802dff79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:05:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sorayacolaresleaocarvalho.pdf: 1390488 bytes, checksum: 762b6acc0149316d915ea71c802dff79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-23 / A presente pesquisa analisa o fenômeno do abandono escolar nos cursos de Formação Inicial e Continuada do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego - PRONATEC, com ênfase no Curso de Eletricista Instalador Predial de Baixa Tensão, ofertado no Instituto Federal do Paraná – IFPR, Campus Campo Largo, no período de 2012 a 2014. O objetivo foi investigar os principais motivos causadores do abandono escolar, analisar as percepções dos diferentes atores envolvidos no Programa e no campus sobre o fenômeno investigado, bem como conhecer as ações que a equipe do Programa tem feito para evitá-lo. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na forma de um estudo de caso, o trabalho foi embasado pelo referencial teórico que discute o abandono escolar na Educação Básica e no Ensino Técnico Profissional, a saber: Dore e Lüscher (2011), Neri (2012), Pelissari (2012), Rumberger (2004, apud Dore e Lüscher, 2011), Soares (2010), Steimbach (2012), dentre outros. Para a realização da pesquisa, foram coletados dados por meio de análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica, além de aplicação de questionário aos alunos que não concluíram o curso de Eletricista Instalador Predial de Baixa Tensão nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014 e entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas aos Gestores e Professores do PRONATEC e aos Gestores do Campus Campo Largo. Os resultados mostraram que os motivos para o abandono escolar estão relacionados tanto a aspectos internos como externos à instituição, corroborando com o referencial teórico utilizado. Fatores como oportunidades na área profissional, processos e práticas pedagógicas aplicadas, dificuldade de aprendizagem, horário em que o curso foi ofertado, problemas sociais, pessoais e de saúde e também a estrutura familiar foram citados como motivos para o abandono do curso. Essas percepções foram ratificadas tanto pelos gestores e docentes, como pelos alunos, evidenciando, assim, que todos apresentam visões semelhantes sobre a temática estudada. O diagnóstico realizado foi fundamental para a elaboração de um Plano de Ação Educacional direcionado a propor ações para o enfrentamento dos motivos relacionados ao abandono escolar levantados pelos sujeitos da pesquisa. Dentre as ações propostas está a formação da equipe gestora e dos professores do Programa, a revisão da ementa do curso, a viabilização de espaços e profissionais para cuidarem das crianças das mulheres que estão realizando os cursos, o acompanhamento do percurso formativo dos estudantes e o monitoramento e avaliação das ações. Além disso, também foi proposta a construção e implementação de um sistema computacional (software) para o desenvolvimento de um banco de dados na instituição, referente aos alunos do PRONATEC, permitindo, dessa forma, que o programa atenda com qualidade os alunos. / This research investigates the school dropout phenomenon in both the preliminary and on-goingtraining courses of the National Program for Access to Technical Education and Employment, henceforth, PRONATEC (Portuguese acronym) with a particular focus on the low-voltage electrical contractors course, which was offered by the Federal Institute of Paraná, henceforth, IFPR – (Portuguese acronym) in Campo Largo – Brazil - from 2012 to 2014.The major objectives of this study are three-fold: (a) to carefully examine the main reasons for early school dropout, (b) to analyze PRONATEC staff’s perceptions on the phenomenon under investigation, and (c) to detail PRONATEC staff’s preventive measures towards curbing school dropout. Of a qualitative nature and founded on the analysis of a case study, this research has as its theoretical point of reference Dore and Lüscher’s (2011), Neri’s (2012), Pelissari’s (2012), Rumberger’s (2004, apud Dore and Lüscher’s, 2011), Soares’ (2010), Steimbach’s (2012) discussions on school dropout in basic and professional technical education. This study was carried out by means of data collection from both document analysis and bibliographical research. Also, a questionnaire administered in the years of 2012, 2013 and 2014 was replied by the non-graduate IFPR low-voltage electrical contractors students and a number of semi-structured interviews were conducted by the PRONATEC managers, teachers, and professors on Campo Largo campus. The research results consistently demonstrate that the reasons for early school dropout at IFPR encompasses both internal and external factors related to this institution – facts corroborated by the theoretical point of reference. Thus, factors such as new job opportunities, applied pedagogical processes and practices, learning difficulties, course schedule, social, personal, family and health problems have contributed substantially to the increasing IFPR student dropout rates. These perceptions have been ratified by both IFPR managers and teaching staff, as well as IFPR own students – an evidence that they have similar views on the subject. The diagnostic questionnaire and interviews were instrumental in preparing an educational action plan with a view to confronting the recurring problem of early school dropout by improving both the teachers’ and managers’ professional development, by reviewing the course syllabus, by providing the IFPR students’ children with a day care center, by monitoring the IFPR students’ performance and development during the program and by assessing the above mentioned measures on a regular basis. Finally, it has also been proposed that a specific PRONATEC management software and a data bank be developed to help keep track of the students’ academic life more effectively.

Ces travaux de recherche portent sur la problématique de la mise en pratique de l'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV). La question principale est : comment faire une ACV plus rapide et plus facilement accessible pour la conception des produits ? Nous nous concentrons sur deux problématiques qui prolongent l'inventaire de Cycle de Vie (ICV) : • recherche des données manquantes : Comment ranger les données manquantes selon leur importance? Comment traiter l'intersection des aspects qualitatifs et les aspects quantitatifs des données manquantes? • Modélisation du cycle de vie : Comment réutiliser le cycle de vie existant pour un nouveau produit? Comment développer un modèle de référence? Pour la recherche des solutions nous avons utilisé l'approche "Case study" selon Robert Yin. Nos contributions font résultat de trois études de cas, dont la plus importante est l'ACV du High Impact Polypropylene (HIPP) recyclé. Nous avons publié les résultats de celle-ci dans la revue scientifique Journal of Cleaner Production. Suite aux études de cas nous proposons deux approches d'amélioration d'efficacité en ICV : nous proposons l'analyse de sensibilité préalable pour classifier les données manquantes selon leur impact sur les résultats d'ACV. L'approche combine les aspects quantitatifs avec les aspects quantitatifs en protégeant le respect des objectives d'étude. Nous appelons cette protection "LCA Poka-Yoké". La modélisation du cycle de vie peut être assistée grace à la méthode basée sur l'algorithme de King. Pour la continuation de la recherche nous proposons huit perspectives, dont six font l'objet d'intégration des nouvelles approches d'amélioration dans les concepts d'ACV basés sur la norme ISO 14025 ou dans le projet de la Commission Européenne PEF. / This work addresses the different issues that put a brake to using Lifecycle assessment (LCA) in product design by answering the main question of the research: How to make Lifecycle assessment faster and easier accessible for manufactured product design? In the LCA methodology we have identified two issues to deal with and their consecutive scientific locks : • Research of missing data : How to organize missing data? How to respect quantitative and qualitative dimensions? • Modeling of the lifecycle scenario : How to translate methodological choices into the lifecycle scenario model? How to transform the reference scenario into a new one? We have dealt with these issues using the scientific approach Case study according toRobert Yin. Our contributions are based on three case studies, between which the most important is study of High Impact Polypropylene recycling in the automotive industry. We have published it in the Journal of Cleaner Production. As result of our research we present two methods to improve efficiency of the LifecycleInventory Analysis (LCI) : To organize the missing data: Preliminary sensitivity analysis with LCA Poka-Yoke ; To help with scenario modeling: Method of workflows factorization, based on Reverse engineering. For further research we propose eight perspectives, mostly based on integration of our methods into Product Category Rules (PCR)-based platforms like EPD International or the European PEF.