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Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

O tema proposto para o presente estudo refere-se à análise, dentro do contexto das tutelas antecipadas, dos seus pressupostos positivos e negativos, de algumas das restrições impostas pela legislação vigente a hipóteses de concessão, bem como à viabilidade da sua aplicação na situação atual da sua interpretação pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência. Procurou-se demonstrar a aplicação dessas normas restritivas, bem como a justificativa para a sua aceitação dentro do conceito da segurança jurídica e do contexto fático em que cada um dos casos analisados está inserido. Ademais, foi desenvolvido estudo crítico sobre as hipóteses em que se admite a relativização dessas restrições, as razões que levam a tal resultado e as consequências daí advindas para o cenário jurídico brasileiro. Todos os pontos mencionados foram baseados principalmente na análise do direito das partes a uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva e tempestiva, sempre com enfoque no direito processual constitucional, destacando-se a importância do respeito ao devido processo legal nesses casos e a importância de se garantir à parte um processo célere e de duração razoável. / The theme of this study is the analysis, within the context of preliminary injunctive relief mechanisms and their positive and negative prerequisites, some of the restrictions imposed by current legislation on the cases where such relief can be granted, as well as the feasibility of their application in the current situation of their interpretation by the doctrine developed by legal scholars and the jurisprudence from the courts. An effort is made to demonstrate the application of these rules and the justification for their acceptance within the concept of legal security and the factual context of each of the cases analyzed. Additionally, there is critical analysis of the situations where these restrictions can be relativized, the reasons for that result and the consequences for the Brazilian legal scenario. All these points are based mainly on analysis of the right of parties to obtain effective and timely protection from the courts, always with focus on constitutional procedural law, highlighting the importance of respect for due legal process as well as the importance of assuring speedy administration of justice.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

O tema proposto para o presente estudo refere-se à análise, dentro do contexto das tutelas antecipadas, dos seus pressupostos positivos e negativos, de algumas das restrições impostas pela legislação vigente a hipóteses de concessão, bem como à viabilidade da sua aplicação na situação atual da sua interpretação pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência. Procurou-se demonstrar a aplicação dessas normas restritivas, bem como a justificativa para a sua aceitação dentro do conceito da segurança jurídica e do contexto fático em que cada um dos casos analisados está inserido. Ademais, foi desenvolvido estudo crítico sobre as hipóteses em que se admite a relativização dessas restrições, as razões que levam a tal resultado e as consequências daí advindas para o cenário jurídico brasileiro. Todos os pontos mencionados foram baseados principalmente na análise do direito das partes a uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva e tempestiva, sempre com enfoque no direito processual constitucional, destacando-se a importância do respeito ao devido processo legal nesses casos e a importância de se garantir à parte um processo célere e de duração razoável. / The theme of this study is the analysis, within the context of preliminary injunctive relief mechanisms and their positive and negative prerequisites, some of the restrictions imposed by current legislation on the cases where such relief can be granted, as well as the feasibility of their application in the current situation of their interpretation by the doctrine developed by legal scholars and the jurisprudence from the courts. An effort is made to demonstrate the application of these rules and the justification for their acceptance within the concept of legal security and the factual context of each of the cases analyzed. Additionally, there is critical analysis of the situations where these restrictions can be relativized, the reasons for that result and the consequences for the Brazilian legal scenario. All these points are based mainly on analysis of the right of parties to obtain effective and timely protection from the courts, always with focus on constitutional procedural law, highlighting the importance of respect for due legal process as well as the importance of assuring speedy administration of justice.

本篇研究目的在於藉由分析句法直接性(syntactic directness)、語意修飾(semantic modification)以及內容 (content)來探討漢語母親規範語中的控制行為(control acts)，也就是指令(directives)和禁止(prohibitions)。語料來自一名以漢語為母語的母親與兒童之間的日常對話。研究結果顯示，指令隨著兒童年紀增長而遞減，而禁止卻隨著兒童年紀增長而遞增。句法直接性分析結果發現，不論指令或是禁止的情況下，漢語母親常使用祈使句(imperative)的句式。語意修飾方面結果發現，漢語母親主要是採用未修飾(bald)以及縮小(minimization)。內容方面顯示，指令常使用在從事能力活動(competent action)，而禁止常使用在得體行為(appropriate behavior)和自立(caretaking)。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate Mandarin maternal control acts including the directives and prohibitions in maternal regulatory language by analyzing syntactic directness, semantic modification, and content. The data collected were natural conversations of one Mandarin-speaking mother-child dyad. The data of maternal regulatory language was analyzed when the child’s ages were 2;1, 2;7, 3;1, and 3;7. The results show that the frequency of directives decreases with the child’s age, but the frequency of prohibitions increases. In addition, the preferred sentence type is imperative in both directives and prohibitions. The child’s cognitive development and the culture factors which would determine the style of regulatory language used by the Mandarin mother are discussed. Furthermore, the results of semantic modification reveal that bald and minimization are two dominant modifications. The mother’s adoption of bald and minimization may be influenced by her power status and politeness. Two major kinds of semantic combinations are also discovered in this study. Finally, the results of contents show that competent action often occurs in directives. As for prohibitions, appropriate behavior and caretaking are most related. Our finding would shed some light on the Mandarin maternal regulatory language.

This study sets out to analyse the relevance of cultural values and perceptions, which form the basis of the "local knowledge" of grassroots people, in the natural resource management of the Laka of Mapela who live in the former Lebowa homeland in the Northern Province of South Africa. Due to the fact that political transitions affect the traditional authority system, it further explores the role of traditional leaders regarding control and decision-making over natural resources as well as the activities of oppositional groups at local level, and their attitudes towards land tenure issues. Natural resource management is approached holistically because, in grassroots perceptions, the natural world does not "stand on its own" and is not dissected into manageable units but forms part of a wider cosmos which is made up of human beings, nature and the supernatural. A happy life of people, fertile soils and rich botanical resources are inseparable from harmony in the cosmos. Misfortune, natural resource degradation and scarcity are consequently explained with a state of flux, or imbalance, in these cosmic relationships which have to be restored by people in order to survive. The general conclusions suggest that these local perceptions of natural resource management cannot be ignored from the development arena as well as by outside scientists and practitioners. Rather, in order to develop more progressive approaches for sustainable management in the former homelands, policies and plans have to be compatible with the worldview of local people to enhance their acceptance and implementation. / Anthropology and Archaeology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology)

In the directive 2008/104/EC on Temporary agency work there is a regulation concerning that there shouldn’t be any restrictions or prohibitions in national legislation if it can not be attributed to the public interest. According to that the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the Swedish law about reemployment in 25 § LAS is a restriction for temporary work agencies, it’s role on the labor market and also to investigate what consequences a restriction can have from a diversity perspective. To fulfill the purpose I have been using a legal dogmatic method based on determination of the current law. I have by the legal research determined that reemployment is not a restriction for temporary work agencies. The Swedish Labor Court has established this through inter alia two judgments about hiring temporary employees while workers still had their rights to reemployment. Both of the judgments indicate that it is today permitted when the purpose not is to circumvent the law. In cases where the employer's purpose is to circumvent the law it can be seen as a limitation of temporary work agencies since the law does not allow this. I note that such procedure can be attributed to the public interest and that the legal regulation in Sweden works. The investigation highlighted 38 § MBL as a form of a limitation on temporary agencies as employers are forced to primary negotiation before they hire agency staff and hence this legal regulation abolished. The industry of temporary work agency is an important part of the Swedish labor market because of its over-representation of young workers and immigrants who contributes with diversity but it is also important because it is considered as promoting flexibility. Restrictions and prohibitions in Swedish law could result in difficulties for the industry of temporary agency work to play a role in the labor market while vulnerable groups could lose its way in to the labor market. Keywords: Temporary work agency, the directive 2008/104/EC on Temporary agency work, restrictions and prohibitions, reemployment. / I direktiv 2008/104/EG, bemanningsdirektivet, finns en reglering angående att det inte får finnas begränsningar eller förbud i nationell lagstiftning om det inte kan hänföras till allmänintresset. Syftet med uppsatsen är således att utreda om Sveriges företrädesrätt till återanställning utgör en begränsning för bemanningsföretagen och deras uthyrning av arbetskraft, deras betydelse på arbetsmarknaden och vidare vad begränsningar kan leda till utifrån ett mångfaldsperspektiv. För att uppfylla syftet har en rättdogmatisk metod använts med utgångspunkt i att fastställa gällande rätt. Genom rättsutredningen har jag kommit fram till att företrädesrätten inte bör anses utgöra en begränsning för bemanningsföretag. AD har fastställt detta i bl.a. två fall angående inhyrning från bemanningsföretag när arbetstagare fortfarande varit företrädesberättigade sombåda indikerar att inhyrning idag är fullt tillåtet när syftet inte är att kringgå lagen. I de fall där arbetsgivarens syfte är att kringgå lagen kan det ses som en begränsning för bemanningsföretag eftersom inhyrningen för att kringgå lagen inte är tillåten. Jag konstaterar dock att sådana förfarande kan hänföras till allmänintresset vilket är tillåtet enligt bemanningsdirektivet och att lagregleringarna i Sverige därmed fungerar. Genom utredningen uppmärksammades 38 § MBL som en form av en begränsning för bemanningsföretagen då arbetsgivare är tvingade till primär förhandling innan de hyr in personal från ett bemanningsföretag och enligt mig kan det inte hänföras till allmänintressetoch därav borde lagregleringen ses över. Bemanningsbranschen är en viktig del av den svenska arbetsmarknaden då den dels genom en överrepresentation av unga och utlandsfödda alternativt inrikesfödda med utlandsfödda föräldrar bidrar med mångfald men även då den anses främja flexibilitet. Begränsningar eller förbud i den svenska rätten skulle således leda till att bemanningsbranschens skulle få svårare för att få en plats på arbetsmarknaden samtidigt som de svaga grupperna med liten förankring till arbetsmarknaden skulle förlora sin väg in till arbetsmarknaden. Nyckelord: Bemanningsföretag, bemanningsdirektiv, direktiv 2008/104/EG om arbetstagare som hyrs ut av bemanningsföretag,begränsningar eller förbud, företrädesrätt till återanställning.

This study sets out to analyse the relevance of cultural values and perceptions, which form the basis of the "local knowledge" of grassroots people, in the natural resource management of the Laka of Mapela who live in the former Lebowa homeland in the Northern Province of South Africa. Due to the fact that political transitions affect the traditional authority system, it further explores the role of traditional leaders regarding control and decision-making over natural resources as well as the activities of oppositional groups at local level, and their attitudes towards land tenure issues. Natural resource management is approached holistically because, in grassroots perceptions, the natural world does not "stand on its own" and is not dissected into manageable units but forms part of a wider cosmos which is made up of human beings, nature and the supernatural. A happy life of people, fertile soils and rich botanical resources are inseparable from harmony in the cosmos. Misfortune, natural resource degradation and scarcity are consequently explained with a state of flux, or imbalance, in these cosmic relationships which have to be restored by people in order to survive. The general conclusions suggest that these local perceptions of natural resource management cannot be ignored from the development arena as well as by outside scientists and practitioners. Rather, in order to develop more progressive approaches for sustainable management in the former homelands, policies and plans have to be compatible with the worldview of local people to enhance their acceptance and implementation. / Anthropology and Archaeology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology)

Объектом исследования явилось счастье. Предметом исследования стала связь счастья с добродетелями и нравственными нормами-запретами (грехами). Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (56 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 98 страниц, на которых размещены 5 рисунков и 18 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме счастья, добродетелей и достоинств личности, а также греха как синонима нравственной нормы-запрета. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Обновленный Оксфордский опросник счастья (Oxford Happiness Inventory), Опросник достоинств личности (ОД) Personal Virtues Questionnaire (PVQ), шкалы самооценки счастья, алчности, гнева, гордыни, похоти, зависти, уныния, чревоугодия. Также в главе представлен корреляционный и факторный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по второй главе включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was happiness. The subject of the research was the connection between happiness and virtues and moral norms-prohibitions (sins). The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography (56 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the applied techniques. The volume of the master's thesis is 98 pages, which contain 5 figures and 17 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, determines the object and subject of the research, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of happiness, virtues and dignity of the individual, as well as sin as a synonym for the moral norm-prohibition. Conclusions for the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained for all the methods used: the updated Oxford Happiness Inventory, the Personal Virtues Questionnaire (PVQ), self-assessment scales of happiness, greed, anger, pride, lust, envy, despondency, gluttony. The chapter also presents the correlation and factor analysis of the research results. The conclusions of the second chapter include the main findings of the empirical study. In the conclusion, in a generalized form, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are presented, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for the further development of this problem are described.