The purpose of this research was to examine the characteristics of interaction in romantic relationships that enable partners to effectively deal with significant stressors to their relationship. These characteristics were identified through the development of a measure of interpersonal resilience in romantic relationships. The dissertation consisted of three phases: Phase one solicited from communication experts their perceptions of the communication characteristics that encourage resilient patterns of stress management in romantic relationships. This feedback was evaluated and organized into categories. Phase two sought to identify underlying dimensions of the categories, and to statistically validate the most important characteristics of communication contributing to resilient outcomes. Communication experts were asked to rate forty items addressing the various categories of communication characteristics generated in part one. Their data were factor analyzed, and reduced to a list of twenty-eight items that made up the initial Interpersonal Resilience in Romantic Relationships (IR3) measure. The final part of the this research, phase three, validated the role that IR3 dimensions play mediating the effects of a significant stressor, in this case job loss, on relationship outcomes of quality, satisfaction, and commitment. / text

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<p>Personalnedskärningar är ett resultat av det pågående oroliga arbetsmarknadsläget. Flera aktörer jobbar idag med servicetjänsten omställning vilket är en hjälp för arbetsgivare att hantera nedskärningar och övertalighet genom att få uppsagda medarbetare att komma vidare i ny sysselsättning. Trots en lågkonjunktur har omställningsarbetet visat på uppnådda lyckade resultat. Studien undersöker och sammanställer individers upplevelse av att genomgå ett omställningsprogram samt undersöker vilka faktorer som har betydelse för individers hantering av stressen i denna påfrestande arbetslivsrelaterad förändring. Tillämpningen av problemfokuserad coping undersöktes bland 71 deltagare som genomgått omställning i antingen kommunal eller privat sektor. Resultatet visade att deltagarna tillämpade problemfokuserad coping i relativt lika stor utsträckning oavsett yrkessektor. För den privata sektorn framstod slutligen ålder som mest betydelsefull copingprediktor, medan utbildningsnivå och selfefficacy hade störst betydelse för copingen bland deltagarna från kommunal sektor. Studien ger upphov till tankar om copingens roll i omställningsprocessen samt motiverar fortsatt forskning inom detta spännande arbetslivsområde</p>

Personalnedskärningar är ett resultat av det pågående oroliga arbetsmarknadsläget. Flera aktörer jobbar idag med servicetjänsten omställning vilket är en hjälp för arbetsgivare att hantera nedskärningar och övertalighet genom att få uppsagda medarbetare att komma vidare i ny sysselsättning. Trots en lågkonjunktur har omställningsarbetet visat på uppnådda lyckade resultat. Studien undersöker och sammanställer individers upplevelse av att genomgå ett omställningsprogram samt undersöker vilka faktorer som har betydelse för individers hantering av stressen i denna påfrestande arbetslivsrelaterad förändring. Tillämpningen av problemfokuserad coping undersöktes bland 71 deltagare som genomgått omställning i antingen kommunal eller privat sektor. Resultatet visade att deltagarna tillämpade problemfokuserad coping i relativt lika stor utsträckning oavsett yrkessektor. För den privata sektorn framstod slutligen ålder som mest betydelsefull copingprediktor, medan utbildningsnivå och selfefficacy hade störst betydelse för copingen bland deltagarna från kommunal sektor. Studien ger upphov till tankar om copingens roll i omställningsprocessen samt motiverar fortsatt forskning inom detta spännande arbetslivsområde

The economic changes that have occurred in this country over the course of this past decade have had a grave impact on manufacturing workers, which has forced many of these workers to transition into new career fields. As workers are faced with having to start new career paths, the community college has served as a hub of information and a source of inspiration to begin new careers. Through programs such as the federal Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program, these dislocated workers are able to acquire a new skill or trade. A qualitative study will investigate how dislocated workers make a successful transition from community college to a new career field. An examination will also be conducted, observing the positive transition that these workers have experienced since becoming unemployed. Due to the closures of manufacturing facilities, there are thousands of people who are now considered to be dislocated. Advances in technology and global trading have been the culprits in this shifting of the workforce; due to this, there has been an economic downturn in the areas affected by these plant closures. The federal and state governments have allocated resources to ensure that the dislocated workforce is retrained and educated through local community colleges in order to diversify and upgrade the workforce. The Trade Readjustment Act (TRA), which is a federal law that allows for displaced workers to be retrained are processed through job centers, which assists those workers who are unemployed through no fault of their own. The basic qualifications for unemployment benefits are to be unemployed through no fault of one’s own and to be able and available for work. The aforementioned qualifications are suited to those individuals who have had the unfortunate experience of being laid off from a manufacturing plant. The local job center offices work closely with other state agencies and local community colleges. Community colleges act as a vehicle for the training, and the job center’s objective is to then assist the worker, not only with its benefits and other programs, but also to assist the worker in becoming reemployed once they have been successfully retrained.

A presente tese de doutorado estuda duas questões referentes ao programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego: o impacto do benefício sobre o salário de reinserção dos trabalhadores beneficiados, bem como sobre o tempo de procura por emprego. No primeiro ensaio são apresentados alguns fatos estilizados referente ao problema de pesquisa, entre os quais destacam-se: i) Descrição Jurídica e os principais objetivos do Programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego; ii) O Status Quo do Programa Seguro Desemprego; iii) O Perfil do Trabalhador Beneficiado pelo Programa; iv) Salário de reinserção de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2009) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses; e v) Procura por emprego de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2010) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses. No segundo ensaio, avalia-se o impacto do benefício Seguro Desemprego sobre o salário de reinserção de seu público alvo, utilizando-se as Teorias de Job Search e do Capital Humano. Na estratégia empírica, utilizaram-se informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio - PNAD no período de 2006 a 2009, bem como o método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que para o período avaliado, o programa de Seguro Desemprego vai de encontro com as teorias, visto que não se mostrou estatisticamente significativo para influenciar o salário de reinserção dos beneficiados. No terceiro ensaio, destaca-se o impacto do benefício sobre o tempo de procura por trabalho, utilizando-se como referenciais teóricos os modelos de assimetria de informação, mais especificamente o modelo de Moral Hazard. Para análise empírica da presença do risco moral no programa, foram utilizadas informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego - PED, no período de 2006 a 2010, e as estimativas baseadas no método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que o programa Seguro Desemprego influenciou a procura por emprego dos trabalhadores chefes de família e também dos considerados filhos. Portanto, no período avaliado, constata-se que a procura por trabalho foi realizada de modo menos intensivo pelos chefes de família e jovens que receberam o benefício, e pela inexistência de instrumentos de controle da procura por emprego por parte do Governo, a presença do risco moral acabou configurando-se no grupo de trabalhadores avaliados. / This doctoral thesis studies two issues of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program: the impact of the benefit on the reemployment wage of beneficiaries, as well as, job search time for reemployment. In the first test, some stylized facts regarding the research problem are presented, among which we highlight: i) Legal description and key objectives of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program; ii) The Status Quo of the Unemployment Insurance program; iii) Profile of the workers who benefit through the program; iv) Reemployment wage of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2009) program, who worked between one and eleven months in their previous job; and v) job search of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2010) program. The second test assesses the impact of the Unemployment Insurance benefit on the reemployment wage, using the Job Search and Human Capital theories. In the empirical strategies, the National Survey by Household Sampling – (PNAD) information, during the 2006 to 2009 period was used plus the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that, for the evaluated period, the Unemployment Insurance program meets the theories, since it was not statistically significant in influencing the beneficiaries’ reemployment wage benefit. The third test highlights the impact of the benefit on job hunting time, using as theoretical reference the information asymmetry model, more specifically the Moral Hazard model. For the empirical analysis of the presence of moral hazard in the program, we used information from the Job and Unemployment Research (PED), during the 2006-2010 period and estimates were based on the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that the Unemployment Insurance program influenced the search for work or job hunting of household heads and, also those considered children. Therefore, it is noted that the demand for work during the evaluated period, was performed in a less intensive manner by family heads and young people who receive the benefit and, given the absence of Government job search control methods, the presence of moral hazard eventually settled on the Group of workers assessed.

A presente tese de doutorado estuda duas questões referentes ao programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego: o impacto do benefício sobre o salário de reinserção dos trabalhadores beneficiados, bem como sobre o tempo de procura por emprego. No primeiro ensaio são apresentados alguns fatos estilizados referente ao problema de pesquisa, entre os quais destacam-se: i) Descrição Jurídica e os principais objetivos do Programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego; ii) O Status Quo do Programa Seguro Desemprego; iii) O Perfil do Trabalhador Beneficiado pelo Programa; iv) Salário de reinserção de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2009) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses; e v) Procura por emprego de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2010) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses. No segundo ensaio, avalia-se o impacto do benefício Seguro Desemprego sobre o salário de reinserção de seu público alvo, utilizando-se as Teorias de Job Search e do Capital Humano. Na estratégia empírica, utilizaram-se informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio - PNAD no período de 2006 a 2009, bem como o método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que para o período avaliado, o programa de Seguro Desemprego vai de encontro com as teorias, visto que não se mostrou estatisticamente significativo para influenciar o salário de reinserção dos beneficiados. No terceiro ensaio, destaca-se o impacto do benefício sobre o tempo de procura por trabalho, utilizando-se como referenciais teóricos os modelos de assimetria de informação, mais especificamente o modelo de Moral Hazard. Para análise empírica da presença do risco moral no programa, foram utilizadas informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego - PED, no período de 2006 a 2010, e as estimativas baseadas no método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que o programa Seguro Desemprego influenciou a procura por emprego dos trabalhadores chefes de família e também dos considerados filhos. Portanto, no período avaliado, constata-se que a procura por trabalho foi realizada de modo menos intensivo pelos chefes de família e jovens que receberam o benefício, e pela inexistência de instrumentos de controle da procura por emprego por parte do Governo, a presença do risco moral acabou configurando-se no grupo de trabalhadores avaliados. / This doctoral thesis studies two issues of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program: the impact of the benefit on the reemployment wage of beneficiaries, as well as, job search time for reemployment. In the first test, some stylized facts regarding the research problem are presented, among which we highlight: i) Legal description and key objectives of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program; ii) The Status Quo of the Unemployment Insurance program; iii) Profile of the workers who benefit through the program; iv) Reemployment wage of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2009) program, who worked between one and eleven months in their previous job; and v) job search of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2010) program. The second test assesses the impact of the Unemployment Insurance benefit on the reemployment wage, using the Job Search and Human Capital theories. In the empirical strategies, the National Survey by Household Sampling – (PNAD) information, during the 2006 to 2009 period was used plus the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that, for the evaluated period, the Unemployment Insurance program meets the theories, since it was not statistically significant in influencing the beneficiaries’ reemployment wage benefit. The third test highlights the impact of the benefit on job hunting time, using as theoretical reference the information asymmetry model, more specifically the Moral Hazard model. For the empirical analysis of the presence of moral hazard in the program, we used information from the Job and Unemployment Research (PED), during the 2006-2010 period and estimates were based on the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that the Unemployment Insurance program influenced the search for work or job hunting of household heads and, also those considered children. Therefore, it is noted that the demand for work during the evaluated period, was performed in a less intensive manner by family heads and young people who receive the benefit and, given the absence of Government job search control methods, the presence of moral hazard eventually settled on the Group of workers assessed.

A presente tese de doutorado estuda duas questões referentes ao programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego: o impacto do benefício sobre o salário de reinserção dos trabalhadores beneficiados, bem como sobre o tempo de procura por emprego. No primeiro ensaio são apresentados alguns fatos estilizados referente ao problema de pesquisa, entre os quais destacam-se: i) Descrição Jurídica e os principais objetivos do Programa brasileiro de Seguro Desemprego; ii) O Status Quo do Programa Seguro Desemprego; iii) O Perfil do Trabalhador Beneficiado pelo Programa; iv) Salário de reinserção de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2009) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses; e v) Procura por emprego de trabalhadores contemplados e não contemplados pelo programa (2006-2010) com tempo de permanência no trabalho anterior entre um mês e onze meses. No segundo ensaio, avalia-se o impacto do benefício Seguro Desemprego sobre o salário de reinserção de seu público alvo, utilizando-se as Teorias de Job Search e do Capital Humano. Na estratégia empírica, utilizaram-se informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio - PNAD no período de 2006 a 2009, bem como o método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que para o período avaliado, o programa de Seguro Desemprego vai de encontro com as teorias, visto que não se mostrou estatisticamente significativo para influenciar o salário de reinserção dos beneficiados. No terceiro ensaio, destaca-se o impacto do benefício sobre o tempo de procura por trabalho, utilizando-se como referenciais teóricos os modelos de assimetria de informação, mais especificamente o modelo de Moral Hazard. Para análise empírica da presença do risco moral no programa, foram utilizadas informações da Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego - PED, no período de 2006 a 2010, e as estimativas baseadas no método de regressão com descontinuidade. Os resultados indicaram que o programa Seguro Desemprego influenciou a procura por emprego dos trabalhadores chefes de família e também dos considerados filhos. Portanto, no período avaliado, constata-se que a procura por trabalho foi realizada de modo menos intensivo pelos chefes de família e jovens que receberam o benefício, e pela inexistência de instrumentos de controle da procura por emprego por parte do Governo, a presença do risco moral acabou configurando-se no grupo de trabalhadores avaliados. / This doctoral thesis studies two issues of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program: the impact of the benefit on the reemployment wage of beneficiaries, as well as, job search time for reemployment. In the first test, some stylized facts regarding the research problem are presented, among which we highlight: i) Legal description and key objectives of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance program; ii) The Status Quo of the Unemployment Insurance program; iii) Profile of the workers who benefit through the program; iv) Reemployment wage of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2009) program, who worked between one and eleven months in their previous job; and v) job search of workers, covered and not covered by the (2006-2010) program. The second test assesses the impact of the Unemployment Insurance benefit on the reemployment wage, using the Job Search and Human Capital theories. In the empirical strategies, the National Survey by Household Sampling – (PNAD) information, during the 2006 to 2009 period was used plus the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that, for the evaluated period, the Unemployment Insurance program meets the theories, since it was not statistically significant in influencing the beneficiaries’ reemployment wage benefit. The third test highlights the impact of the benefit on job hunting time, using as theoretical reference the information asymmetry model, more specifically the Moral Hazard model. For the empirical analysis of the presence of moral hazard in the program, we used information from the Job and Unemployment Research (PED), during the 2006-2010 period and estimates were based on the regression discontinuity method. The results indicated that the Unemployment Insurance program influenced the search for work or job hunting of household heads and, also those considered children. Therefore, it is noted that the demand for work during the evaluated period, was performed in a less intensive manner by family heads and young people who receive the benefit and, given the absence of Government job search control methods, the presence of moral hazard eventually settled on the Group of workers assessed.

The purpose of this paper is to study the unemployment and reemployment experiences of displaced workers. Two mines were shut down in 1978 in Utah: the Park City Ventures Mine located in Park City and the Burgin ~line located in Eureka. Data were collected from questionnaires mailed to all the displaced workers of both mines and from personal interviews conducted with mine officials, officials of formal job-search agencies, and union representatives. The shutdoMl at Park City Ventures affected 350 workers, and the shutdown at the Burgin Mine affected 153. Both mines qualified for and were certified for Trade Readjustment Act benefits. The paper is divided into four major parts: personal characteristics, job-search activities, financial status and public assistance programs, and workers' subjective feelings, in that order.

The Employment Protection Act (1982:80) provides provisions regarding priority of re-employment. A few cases where these provisions have been subject to examination, have been discussed thoroughly in SOU 2014:55. In these cases the Labour Court has identified the question whether the provisions regarding priority of re-employment can be subject to circumvention in an illegal manner. The Labour Court has stated that it would be incompatible with the sense of justice if the provisions could be circumvented to the detriment of employees entitled to priority of re-employment. However, the Labour Court stated that certain conditions have to be imposed for the assessment. After analysis of the conditions, it is established that they are deemed to cause major difficulties for employees, why it is held that the purpose and the function of the conditions are not achieved. The purpose of the essay is therefore to investigate whether the application of the conditions imposed by the Labour Court, need to undergo modifications to meet the underlying purpose of the creation of the conditions. By reason of the difficulty with the conditions, the essay provides three different amendments in which two of the amendments are ascertained to not contribute to such an improvement that they should actually be applied. The third amendment implies that the burden of proof to some degree is reversed from the employee to the employer, whereby the difficulties following the second condition are limited. To preserve the balance between the interests of both parties the standard of proof is modified for the employer. Except from the fact that the underlying purpose of the provisions can be met with this modification, the amendment also ensures that the procedural premises conform to what generally is considered valid. Additionally, the rules regain their effectiveness and predictability. / I LAS finns bestämmelser om arbetstagares företrädesrätt till återanställning. Ett antal rättsfall där dessa företrädesrättsregler varit föremål för prövning har i SOU 2014:55 diskuterats närmare. I dessa rättsfall har ifrågasatts om företrädesrättsreglerna kan kringgås av arbetsgivare på ett sätt som kan anses lagstridigt. Arbetsdomstolen har i dessa rättsfall slagit fast att det onekligen skulle vara oförenligt med rättskänslan om företrädesrättsreglerna kan kringgås till skada för företrädesberättigade arbetstagare. Arbetsdomstolen har emellertid fastställt att det måste uppställas bestämda krav för att sådant kringgående ska vara för handen, varför ett antal förutsättningar uppställts. Efter analyser av dessa förutsättningar konstateras att de ger upphov till stora svårigheter för arbetstagare, varför det i uppsatsen konstateras att förutsättningarnas syfte och funktion inte uppfylls. Det huvudsakligen syftet med uppsatsen är därför att undersöka huruvida rättstillämpningen på området behöver genomgå förändring för att uppnå det bakomliggande syftet till förutsättningarnas uppkomst. I uppsatsen utarbetas med anledning av problematiken med gällande förutsättningar tre olika förslag till ändring av gällande rättsläge. Två av dessa konstateras emellertid inte ge upphov till sådan förbättring att de bör tillämpas. Det tredje ändringsförslaget innebär emellertid att viss bevisbörda flyttas från arbetstagaren till arbetsgivaren, varigenom svårigheterna med den andra förutsättningen begränsas. För att i största mån upprätthålla balansen mellan båda parters intressen justeras också beviskraven för arbetsgivare, vilket utöver att syftet med reglerna uppnås också resulterar i att de processrättsliga utgångspunkterna överensstämmer med vad som generellt torde vara gällande. Därutöver återfår också reglerna deras effektivitet och förutsebarhet.